Exploring Athlete Proneness to Shame when Partaking in Sport and its Relationship with Achievement Goal Perspective Theory: Creating and Validating the Shame in Sport Questionnaire

Understanding shame and its effects on the human psyche has been critical to understanding how crippling it can be to long-term health (Tangney & Dearing, 2002). However, research exploring shame in sport has been limited, particularly as it pertains to why athletes may experience shame when participating. Research is needed to better understand the various reasons why athletes may experience shame when partaking in sport. The first study created and validated the Shame in Sport Questionnaire (SSQ). The SSQ was vetted and validated via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 216 high school wrestlers. A two-factor shame model featuring process shame (experiencing shame based on failing to give high effort or be appropriately prepared) and process shame (experiencing shame based on losing or failing to preform well) was confirmed. The scale was further validated using Nicholls’ (1989) Achievement Goal Perspective Theory (AGPT). It was discovered that task-oriented athletes were more likely to experience process shame and less likely to experience result shame. Conversely, it was found that ego-oriented athletes were more likely to experience result shame and less likely to experience process shame. These results further emphasize research that suggests being high in task-orientation is more beneficial than being high in ego-orientation (Roberts & Treasure, 2012). The second study further explored and validated the SSQ with a population of 259 high school track and field athletes. The population was surveyed on their perceptions of the motivational climate (Nicholls, 1989; Newton et al., 2007) and how they relate to process and result shame. The results revealed that athletes perceiving a caring and task-involving motivational climate were more likely to experience process shame and less likely to experience result shame. Additionally, athletes perceiving a perceived ego-involving motivational climate were more likely to experience result shame and less likely to experience process shame. These data suggest that athletes partaking in sport in an environment where they are valued and where effort and improvement are emphasized would limit proneness to shame, while a sport environment that focuses on winning and normative comparison would enhance proneness to shame

Nuclear electric propulsion development and qualification facilities

This paper summarizes the findings of a Tri-Agency panel consisting of members from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) that were charged with reviewing the status and availability of facilities to test components and subsystems for megawatt-class nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) systems. The facilities required to support development of NEP are available in NASA centers, DOE laboratories, and industry. However, several key facilities require significant and near-term modification in order to perform the testing required to meet a 2014 launch date. For the higher powered Mars cargo and piloted missions, the priority established for facility preparation is: (1) a thruster developmental testing facility, (2) a thruster lifetime testing facility, (3) a dynamic energy conversion development and demonstration facility, and (4) an advanced reactor testing facility (if required to demonstrate an advanced multiwatt power system). Facilities to support development of the power conditioning and heat rejection subsystems are available in industry, federal laboratories, and universities. In addition to the development facilities, a new preflight qualifications and acceptance testing facility will be required to support the deployment of NEP systems for precursor, cargo, or piloted Mars missions. Because the deployment strategy for NEP involves early demonstration missions, the demonstration of the SP-100 power system is needed by the early 2000's

Shear behaviour of bond lines in glued laminated timber beams at high temperatures

Abstract : A comprehensive research project has been carried out at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) on the fire behaviour of timber-concrete composite slabs (Frangi and Fontana 2000). The glued laminated timber beams used for the fire tests were bonded with a one-component polyurethane (1-K-PUR) adhesive. As one fire test on a slab showed an unexpected shear failure of a glued laminated timber beam, a series of tests was carried out to study the shear behaviour of different types of adhesives at high temperatures. The first part of the paper describes the results of the shear tests at elevated temperatures, in the second part the shear test results are compared to the fire test on a sla

Efficacy of spa-therapy, mud-pack therapy, balneotherapy and mud-bath therapy in the management of knee osteoarthritis. A systematic review

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease in the world. OA is the result of an inflammatory and degenerative process affecting the entire joint. Osteoarthritis, especially involving the knee, has a relevant socio-economic impact in terms of drugs, hospital admissions, work absences and temporary or permanent invalidity. Therapy of knee osteoarthritis is based on pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the studies published between 2002 and 2017 on spa-therapy, mud-pack therapy, balneotherapy and mud-bath therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in order to investigate the evidence of the efficacy of such treatment on pain, functional limitation, drug use and quality of life. Overall, 35 studies were examined among which 12 were selected and included in the review if trial comparative. Each report was reviewed to identify the criteria used for study enrolment and for assignment to experimental vs control groups, sample size, type and characteristics of treatment, features of mineral water, control intervention, assessment point, endpoints, outcome measures, tests used for statistical analysis of the results. We have been able to illustrate the main results obtained in the individual studies and to elaborate these results in order to allow as much a unitary presentation as possible, and hence an overall judgment. Results: Because the studies we reviewed differed markedly from one another in terms of the methods used, we were unable to conduct a quantitative analysis (meta-analysis) of pooled data from the 12 studies. For the purposes of the present review, we re-evaluated the results of the different studies using the same statistical method, the Student’s t test, which is used to compare the means of two frequency distributions. Among all the studies, the most relevant indexes used to measure effectiveness of spa therapy were improved including VAS, Lequesne’s and WOMAC Score. Conclusions: The mud-pack therapy, balneotherapy, mud-bath therapy and spa therapy has proved to be effective in the treatment and in the secondary prevention of knee osteoarthritis, by reducing pain, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug consumption, functional limitation and improving quality of life of affected patients. Is a noninvasive, complication-free, and cost-effective alternative modality for the conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis

On the use of fire brigade statistics for structural fire safety engineering

In this paper the fire brigade intervention is considered for the assessment of structural fire safety through the concept of a maximal controllable fire area. Based on a literature survey probabilistic models are developed to consider the uncertainties associated with the fire development and the fire brigade intervention. A sensitivity analysis identifies the most important parameters and suggestions for future data collection are made to improve the probabilistic models

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Gypsum Plasterboards in Fire

The fire performance of light timber frame assemblies mainly depends on the protection provided by the cladding. A comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis on the fire behaviour of protective cladding made of gypsum plasterboards and wood-based panels has been recently carried out at ETH Zurich. The paper describes the main results of the experimental and numerical analyses carried out with gypsum plasterboards. The results of the experimental and numerical analysis allowed the development of a design model for the verification of the separating function (insulation and integrity criteria) of light timber frame wall-and-floor assemblie

Materials recovery from waste liquid crystal displays: A focus on indium

In the present work the recovery of indium and of the polarizing film from waste liquid crystal displays was experimentally investigated in the laboratory. First of all, the polarizing film was removed by employing a number of different techniques, including thermal and chemical treatments. Leaching of indium was then performed with HCl 6 N, which allowed solubilisation of approximately 90% In (i.e. 260 mg In per kg of glass) at room temperature, without shredding. Indium recovery from the aqueous phase was then investigated through solvent extraction with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based aqueous biphasic systems. Indium extraction tests through the PEG-ammonium sulphate-water system were conducted as a function of PEG concentration, salt concentration and molecular weight of PEG, using 1,10 phenanthroline as a ligand. The experimental results demonstrated that indium partitioning between the bottom (salt-rich) and the top (PEG-rich) phase is quite independent on the composition of the system, since 80-95% indium is extracted in the bottom phase and 5-20% in the top phase; it was also found that when PEG concentration is increased, the ratio between the bottom and the upper phase volumes decreases, resulting in an increase of indium concentration in the bottom phase (at [PEG]=25% w/w, indium concentration in the bottom phase is ~30% higher than the initial concentration before the extraction)

Subsidence zonation through satellite interferometry in coastal plain environments of ne italy: A possible tool for geological and geomorphological mapping in Urban Areas

The main aim of this paper is to test the use of multi-temporal differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) techniques as a tool for geological and geomorphological surveys in urban areas, where anthropogenic features often completely obliterate landforms and surficial deposits. In the last two decades, multi-temporal DInSAR techniques have been extensively applied to many topics of Geosciences, especially in geohazard analysis and risks assessment, but few attempts have been made in using differential subsidence for geological and geomorphological mapping. With this aim, interferometric data of an urbanized sector of the Venetian-Friulian Plain were considered. The data derive by permanent scatterers InSAR processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by ERS 1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO SKY-Med and Sentinel-1 missions from 1992 to 2017. The obtained velocity maps identify, with high accuracy, the border of a fluvial incised valley formed after the last glacial maximum (LGM) and filled by unconsolidated Holocene deposits. These consist of lagoon and fluvial sediments that are affected by a much higher subsidence than the surrounding LGM deposits forming the external plain. Displacement time-series of localized sectors inside the post-LGM incision allowed the causes of vertical movements to be explored, which consist of the consolidation of recent deposits, due to the loading of new structures and infrastructures, and the exploitation of the shallow phreatic aquifer