Tool for assessment of attitudes for applying a new approach in the decision-making process for reimbursement list in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The healthcare structure in Bosnia and Herzegovina is decentralized, thus facing patients with unequal access to healthcare services especially for medicines. We attempted to develop a tool for assessment of the stakeholders’ opinion, and with the further research we will propose the model that can bring equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The developed tool will examine the attitudes and opinions for introducing new methods in the decision-making process during the listing of medicines for the reimbursement list in Bosnia and Herzegovina. An update of the country’s legislation can be presented based on the research results. The tool was developed using the Delphi method. The experts who were included in the Delphi panel are qualified for rating and discussing questions. The questionnaire was validated on a 5-point Likert scale, and additional comments or clarification are optional. Introductory interviews were held face to face with each expert individually; after that the panel was anonymous. After 3 rounds of Delphi, the created tool was checked through a pilot study. The developed tool was categorized into three groups based on the KAP survey (Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions). All questions were verified in pilot and with the results for Cronbach’s alpha 0.96. This shows sufficient reliability of the created questionnaire, and it can be administered to a larger group of respondents, which has been planned for further research. The findings provide reliable information useful for planning the country’s legislation updates and planning for the introduction of a new approach in the decision-making process

Research on the attitudes of the elderly towards interprofessional cooperation and collaborative pharmacy practices: Cross-sectional study in Serbia

Background: Population aging is taking place at the highest historical rates, while growing needs for healthcare by the elderly put added and immense pressure predominantly on the primary care. Higher level of interprofessional collaboration is expected to improve healthcare system performance and to provide adequate delivery of healthcare for the elderly. This was the main driver for implementing the interprofessional collaborative models by many countries. However, these models need to be patient-centered and more focused on “what matters” to patient. This study aims to identify the attitudes of the elderly people (65+) towards interprofessional collaboration (IPC), namely collaborative pharmacy practice (CPP). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Serbia from May 2017 to July 2017, taking place in five Geriatric Centers. A total of 187 men and women (average age 76.2 years), were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Results: Respondents noted the insufficient visibility of the elderly and insufficient informing as the biggest problems faced by the elderly within the system of health and social care. The significant difference by gender and education was found in several questions. However, respondents believed that the efficiency of the healthcare system would significantly increase if there were closer cooperation and coordination between doctors, pharmacists and other healthcare workers. Conclusion: The lack of collaborative pharmacy practice represents a significant unused potential for improving healthcare for the elderly considerably, which under the conditions of limited resources may stipulate organizational changes or corrections. © 2021, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. All rights reserved

Assessment of the Suitability of the Delphi Method for Assessing the Needs of Pharmacoeconomic Studies in the Decision-Making Process

Background: Increasing need for control in healthcare spendings and for publicly available services, opens new areas and topics that needs to be discussed. The aim of this paper is assessment of the technic adequacy for evaluation of knowledge level in the subject territory. Materials and Methods: Systematic review has been performed with electronic database PubMed and MEDLINE. The SPIDER model (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research Type) was used to create the search strategy, which is more suitable for qualitative research. Results: After the initial check by title and the introductory part of the abstract, 1,282 published articles were eliminated due to inadequate study design. 249 articles that were checked by abstract with a focus on methodology and sample went for additional checking. During this step, 50 articles were selected for checking the complete research, i.e., the published content. Given results has enabled us insight in Delphi method with assessment of advantages and disadvantages

Observant Reform and the Cults of New Dominican Saints in the Southeastern Adriatic

The research on the historical currents of the Observant reform, its diffu-sion in the earliest stages, as well as its periodical local and global revivals throughout the following two centuries, is inextricably linked to the study of the promotion of cults of saints. Building on the types of sainthood pre-ferred by and partially formed in Mendicant circles (notably living saints, but also local saints), the Observant friars supported veneration of their contemporaries, creating thus an array of local beati whose cults frequent-ly gained wider recognition. This paper is examining the appearance and diffusion of saints’ cults among the reformed Dominican order in the southeastern Adriatic, that is, in the territory of Dubrovnik and Kotor from the first reformist attempts at the end of the fourteenth century to the Observant efforts united with the post-Tridentine ambience in the later sixteenth century. In addition to crucial texts by Serafino Razzi (who also described devotional objects and images), the analysis is mainly conducted

Shared Decision Making

This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the concept and models of shared decision-making as a framework of person- centered care. The second section focuses on multicriteria decision-making tech- niques in healthcare settings and literature review about multicriteria decision making analysis methods used in healthcare is presented. The third section introduces the ethical and practical considerations about shared decision-making in person-centered care. In this section, the patient narratives are included, as well as the barriers to implementation

Unapređenje kvaliteta u zdravstvu - ka integrisanim modelima zdravstvene zaštite u EU

Quality improvement in healthcare consists of systematic and continuous actions that lead to a measurable improvement in healthcare services. Most important goals for improvement in healthcare are safe, effective, patient-centres, timely, efficient, equitable healthcare. Definition of the integrated care includes initiatives seeking to improve outcomes of care by overcoming issues of fragmentation through co-ordination of services of providers along the continuum of care. Different countries of EU Member States are at different stages in the development of integrated care systems. Most countries reported continuously working on several initiatives to strengthen integration and coordination of care, such as pilot projects, implemented targeted programmes and strategies and adopted methods for cooperation. Many countries have taken initiatives on legislation, reorganisation and reimbursement systems. Integrated care can be seen to be both, a design of healthcare and a framework to achieve person-centred, efficient and safe care. Only a small number of EU Member States have developed specific indicator sets to assess integrated care. Measuring the performance of integrated care has to take into account the objectives of a health system and also needs to reflect the complexity of integrated care systems.Unapređenje kvaliteta u zdravstvu sastoji se od sistematskih i kontinuiranih aktivnosti, koje vode do merljivog poboljšanja zdravstvenih usluga. Najvažniji ciljevi za poboljšanje zdravstvene zaštite su sigurna, efikasna, usmerena ka pacijentu, pravovremena, pravična zdravstvena zaštita. Definicija integrisane zdravstvene zaštite uključuje inicijative koje nastoje da poboljšaju zdravstvene ishode, tako što će se prevazići problemi fragmentacije kroz koordinaciju usluga pružalaca usluga tokom pružanja zdravstvene zaštite. Različite zemlje članice Evropske unije nalaze se u različitim fazama razvoja integrisanih sistema zdravstvene zaštite. Većina zemalja ima usvojen koncept kontinuiranog rada na nekoliko inicijativa za jačanje integracije i koordinacije zdravstvene zaštite, kao što su pilot projekti, implementirani ciljani programi i strategije i usvojene metode za saradnju. Mnoge zemlje su preduzele inicijative u izmeni legislative kao i reorganizacije politika refundacije troškova zadravstvene zaštite. Integrisana zdravstvena zaštita se može smatrati i dizajnom zdravstvenog sistema i okvira za postizanje efikasne, sigurne zdravstvene zaštite, usmerene ka pojedincu Samo mali broj zemalja članica EU je razvio specifične indikatore za procenu integrisane zdravstvene zaštite. Merenje performansi integrisane zdravstvene zaštite mora da obuhvati ciljeve zdravstvenog sistema, a takođe treba da odražava složenost integrisanih sistema zdravstvene zaštite

Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Stress in Pharmacists Completing Post-Graduate Specialization Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been recognized by the International Pharmaceutical Federation as a required competency for a pharmacist. This study aimed to compare EI and Perceived Stress (PS) levels in pharmacists who completed the post-graduate specialization program (the Case), and pharmacists who started the program (the Control group). Materials and Methods: Validated instruments measuring EI and PS were distributed online to participating postgraduates or alumni. All complete responses were analyzed; data from participants who had undergone previous EI training were excluded. Comparing the groups, additional EI domains’ subanalysis and their correlations with PS were made. Results: The overall response rate was 67.8%. There was no expected difference between the groups either in EI or in the PS levels, and the overall population reached means of 119.30±12.92 and 17.25±6.46, respectively. The highest EI levels were found in sales and marketing professionals in the pharmaceutical industry and the lowest in clinical pharmacy practitioners. EI and PS were highly negatively correlated (r=-0,543), thus indicating that developing EI may have protective effects against stress. Subanalysis revealed the highest potential for stress-protective effects in the Emotional Self-Management and Emotional Self-Control subdomains (r=-0,528, r=-0,457, respectively). Conclusion: Given the expanded importance of EI development in pharmacy practice, the results of the study could be a basis for the specialization and continuing pharmacist education program creators to evaluate the curricula and propose changes in the methodologies, contents, and approaches in work to meet development needs of post-graduate pharmacists better. Further research should confirm the findings of the EI subanalysis

Developing a quality management tool for preparing Good Distribution Practice audit of pharmaceutical contract vaccine distributor

Outsourcing is increasingly used by the vaccine manufacturers. When the manufacturing activities are outsourced, the contract manufacturer's Good Manufacturing Practice compliance needs to be confirmed through auditing. In the same way, when distribution is outsourced, the contract distributor's Good Distribution Practice compliance needs to be confirmed through auditing. The objective of this study was to develop an audit preparation tool for the pharmaceutical contract vaccine distributor and to validate its contents by using the Delphi method. Based on this, a tool was developed for the contract vaccine distributors. The Delphi method was used with a group of 14 experts from the pharmaceutical industry, authorities and university. The response rate in the Delphi questionnaire round was 100 %. The tool consisted of 33 quality items, out of which 29 (88%) achieved the pre-defined agreement rate level ( gt 75%). The four quality items which did not achieve the pre-defined agreement rate were excluded from the tool. The expert group suggested only minor changes to the tool. The results show that the content validity of the developed audit preparation tool was good. The resultant questionnaire is ready to use. Developed the ready-to-use questionnaire based on critical factors evaluation, gives an objective picture of the possibilities of the potential partner and help organisations make quality decision on the selection of contract vaccine distributors. The contract vaccine distributor must be permanently controlled and analysed, so as to maintain the required quality and to keep low level of costs