Oltre il Boulevard Peripherique. Riabitare un Grand Ensemble

Lo studio del fenomeno dei Grands Ensembles nella metropoli di Parigi ci ha portati alla conoscenza di una realtà sociale, politica, geografica e architettonica così complessa e dalle tante sfaccettature. La storia che noi abbiamo studiato e con la quale ci siamo interfacciati, toccando e vivendo la periferia con mano, si legge chiaramente tutt’oggi. A partire dal boulevard Périphérique, grande infrastruttura ad anello che segna una distanza fisica e psicologica tra Parigi e la sua Banlieue. Nel corso degli anni, il sistema Monocentrico di Parigi ha portato al celebre lavoro del Grand Paris, proposta visionaria che cerca di recuperare la periferia per renderla protagonista di un modello policentrico.In questo contesto la nostra area di progetto, vicina fisicamente a Parigi ma incastrata in un sistema di enclave che segna la vera distanza, quella psicologica, dal centro, pone un problema che riapre le mille questioni che abbiamo cercato di analizzare. La demolizione di più di 200 alloggi sociali, per motivi legati al disagio sociale, alla delinquenza e alla perifericità più intrinseca dei grands ensambles, è alla radice dei nostri ragionamenti e della nostra proposta. Sennett sostiene che “ Se le città devono diventare un luogo più equo, la progettazione deve imprimere un ordine sin dalle fondamenta. La Ville deve portare alla Cité”1. Noi proponiamo di aprire per riabitare, costruendo spazi che torneranno ad essere popolati e di conseguenza protetti e curati, a disposizione della comunità e pronti a servire i bisogni anche dei più piccoli e dei più deboli. “ Si tratta di pensare una città più agibile, più semplice, dove i cittadini siano considerati di più

DETECTION OF MICROPLASTICS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS: RESULTS FROM THREE ITALIAN COASTS

The presence and dangerousness of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments is universally recognized. The MPs criticalities are tied to their small size (less than 5mm), which make most of the treatment processes used for other waste ineffective, to their persistence and poor degradability and to their presence in large and ever-increasing quantities. This research deals with the separation and identification of MP particles present within sediments of sea sand sampled in three different Italian coasts: Imperia (Liguria), Metaponto (Basilicata) and Villa San Giovanni, (Calabria). Comparison between sediment sampled from less frequented beaches and tourist ones were made too, to verify the relation with tourism or any other sources of MP pollution. The complexity of collecting and analyzing real sample, the proper counting and recognition of all MPs in the sample were deeply discussed. The importance of grain size classification and separation was highlighted [1]. The density separation method with saline solution (NaCl) was used to analyze the samples. In addition, a CaCl solution was tested to separate MP particles with higher density. Electrostatic separation method was tested too, separating the conductive fraction to the non-conductive (containing MPs) one. An increasing of MP content/g of sediment was obtained comparing the nonconductive fraction with samples subjected to densimetric separation with NaCl solution (reaching also a 82% of variation). This method could be used to reduce the volume of samples, optimizing the MP identification and counting; however, other tests could be carried out in the future taking into account that a loss of material due to the apparatus should be considered. Visual identification under microscope with a UV lamp was used to identify and count fluorescent MPs particles [2][3], subsequently verified with spectroscopy analyses using FTIR

Isolating the Role of Bone Lacunar Morphology on Static and Fatigue Fracture Progression through Numerical Simulations

Currently, the onset of bone damage and the interaction of cracks with the surrounding micro-architecture are still black boxes. With the motivation to address this issue, our research targets isolating lacunar morphological and densitometric effects on crack advancement under both static and cyclic loading conditions by implementing static extended finite element models (XFEM) and fatigue analyses. The effect of lacunar pathological alterations on damage initiation and progression is evaluated; the results indicate that high lacunar density considerably reduces the mechanical strength of the specimens, resulting as the most influencing parameter among the studied ones. Lacunar size has a lower effect on mechanical strength, reducing it by 2%. Additionally, specific lacunar alignments play a key role in deviating the crack path, eventually slowing its progression. This could shed some light on evaluating the effects of lacunar alterations on fracture evolution in the presence of pathologies

Stroke in Young Adults in the Community-Based L'Aquila Registry

Background and Purpose —Stroke type in the young may influence the outcome and may have a dramatic impact on the quality of life in survivors. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prognosis of first-ever stroke in the young and to make comparisons with older patients within a well-defined population. Methods —All first-ever strokes occurring in the L'Aquila district, central Italy, were traced by active monitoring of inpatient and outpatient health services. Incidence rates were standardized to the 1996 European population according to the direct method. Long-term survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method; outcome in survivors was evaluated by the modified Rankin scale. Results —Of 4353 patients who had a first-ever stroke, 89 patients 45 years of age were 2.4%, 13.3%, and 83.1%. Neuroimaging studies of the brain detected 14 intracranial aneurysms and 6 arteriovenous malformations in 20 of 38 patients (52.6%) with either subarachnoid (n=17) or intracerebral (n=3) hemorrhage. The crude annual incidence rate was 10.18/100 000 (95% CI, 8.14 to 12.57) and 10.23/100 000 when standardized to the 1996 European population. The 30-day case-fatality rate was 11.2% (95% CI, 6.2 to 19.4). Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage had the highest proportion of good recovery (60%), patients with intracerebral hemorrhage had the highest mortality (44%), and patients with cerebral infarction had the highest proportion of severe disability (47%). Conclusions —Stroke patients <45 years of age showed a disproportionate cumulative high prevalence (42.7%) of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage with respect to older patients (15.7%), mainly (52.6%) due to aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. Therefore, screening procedures and preventive strategies in the young should also be addressed to subjects at risk of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage

Discontinuously supervised aerobic training vs. physical activity promotion in the self-management of type 2 diabetes in older Italian patients: design and methods of the 'TRIPL-A' randomized controlled trial

Physical activity (PA) has health benefits for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Indeed, regular PA is considered an important part of any T2D management plan, yet most patients adopt a sedentary lifestyle. Exercise referral schemes (ERS) have the potential to effectively promote physical activity among T2D patients, and their effectiveness may be enhanced when they are supported by computer-based technologies. The 'TRIPL-A' study (i.e., a TRIal to promote PhysicaL Activity among patients in the young-old age affected by T2D) aims to assess if realizing an innovative ERS, based on a strong partnership among general practitioners, specialist physicians, exercise specialists, and patients, and supported by a web-based application (WBA), can effectively lead sedentary older T2D patients to adopt an active lifestyle

Investigation into the Use of Encorafenib to Develop Potential PROTACs Directed against BRAFV600E Protein

BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase frequently mutated in human cancers. BRAF(V600E) mutated protein is targeted through the use of kinase inhibitors which are approved for the treatment of melanoma; however, their long-term efficacy is hampered by resistance mechanisms. The PROTAC-induced degradation of BRAF(V600E) has been proposed as an alternative strategy to avoid the onset of resistance. In this study, we designed a series of compounds where the BRAF kinase inhibitor encorafenib was conjugated to pomalidomide through different linkers. The synthesized compounds maintained their ability to inhibit the kinase activity of mutated BRAF with IC(50) values in the 40–88 nM range. Selected compounds inhibited BRAF(V600E) signaling and cellular proliferation of A375 and Colo205 tumor cell lines. Compounds 10 and 11, the most active of the series, were not able to induce degradation of mutated BRAF. Docking and molecular dynamic studies, conducted in comparison with the efficient BRAF degrader P5B, suggest that a different orientation of the linker bearing the pomalidomide substructure, together with a decreased mobility of the solvent-exposed part of the conjugates, could explain this behavior

Variability of nutrient and thermal structure in surface waters between New Zealand and Antarctica, October 2004-January 2005

We describe the upper ocean thermal structure and surface nutrient concentrations between New Zealand and Antarctica along five transects that cross the Subantarctic Front, the Polar Front (PF) and the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) front. The surface water thermal structure is coupled with variations in surface nutrient concentrations, making water masses identifiable by both temperature and nutrient ranges. In particular, a strong latitudinal gradient in orthosilicate concentration is centred at the PF. On the earlier sections that extend south-west from the Campbell Plateau, orthosilicate increases sharply southward from 10–15 to 50–55 µmol l−1 between 58° S and 60° S, while surface temperature drops from 7°C to 2°C. Nitrate increases more regularly toward the south, with concentrations ranging from 10–12 µmol l−1 at 54° S to 25–30 µmol l−1 at 66° S. The same features are observed during the later transects between New Zealand and the Ross Sea, but the sharp silica and surface temperature gradients are shifted between 60° S and 64° S. Both temporal and spatial factors may influence the observed variability. The January transect suggests an uptake of silica, orthophosphate and nitrate between 63° S and 70° S over the intervening month, with an average depletion near 37%, 44% and 29%, respectively. An N/P (nitrite + nitrate/orthophosphate) apparent drawdown ratio of 8.8±4.1 and an Si/N (silicic acid/nitrite + nitrate) apparent drawdown ratio >1 suggest this depletion results from a seasonal diatom bloom. A southward movement of the oceanic fronts between New Zealand and the Ross Sea relative to prior measurements is consistent with reports of recent warming and changes in the ACC