Determinants of thyroid volume in healthy young adults of Dalmatia

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid volume (TV) and its determinants in healthy young adults without present or previous thyroid disease. Materials and methods: The study was performed in a sample of 145 healthy young participants aged 19-29 years, living in an iodine-sufficient area of Dalmatia. Dimensions of the thyroid gland were obtained by ultrasound and used to determine TV. Anthropometric data was collected, and measurements of serum TSH, fT4, Tg, TgAb, and TPOAb levels were determined. Correlations between TV and other continuous variables were determined using the Pearson correlation test, while multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations of the potential predictors for the TV. Results: TV in men was larger than in women (p=3.53x10-8) and was positively correlated with anthropometric measurements, with the highest correlation coefficient for height (r=0.53, p=6.36x10-12), then body surface area, BSA (r=0.48, p=1.68x10-9), weight (r=0.43, p=8.28x10-8) and body mass index, BMI (r=0.17, p=0.04). Age and cigarette smoking did not appear to be significantly associated with TV (p=0.13 and p=0.95, respectively). Univariate analysis showed TV correlated with fT4 plasma levels (r=0.35, 1.73x10-5), while multivariate analysis showed height and fT4 levels to be important parameters with a significant role in TV. Conclusions: We confirmed previously observed association of TV with sex and anthropometric parameters and reported a significant correlation between TV and fT4 levels. Furthermore, fT4 levels and height were found to be the important parameters for predicting TV.</p

DETERMINANTS OF THYROID VOLUME

Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi parametre koji utječu na volumen štitne žlijezde u populaciji mladih odraslih osoba za koje je utvrđeno da ne boluju od bolesti štitne žlijezde. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 145 zdravih pojedinaca, uključujući 26 muškaraca i 119 žena dobi od 19 do 29 godina koji žive u Dalmaciji, području s dovoljnim unosom joda. Ultrazvukom su određene dimenzije štitne žlijezde kako bi odredili njezin volumen. Prikupljeni su antropometrijski podatci i određene serumske koncentracije TSH, fT4, Tg, anti-Tg i anti-TPO. Korelacije volumena štitne žlijezde i ostalih kontinuiranih varijabli su određene pomoću Pearsonovog testa korelacije, dok smo pomoću multivarijantne linearne regresijske analize odredili povezanost potencijalnih prediktora volumena štitne žlijezde. Rezultati: Volumen štitne žlijezde bio je veći kod muškaraca nego kod žena (p = 3.53×10-8) i pozitivno je korelirao s antropometrijskim mjerenjima, s najvećim korelacijskim koeficijentom za visinu (r = 0.53, p = 6.36×10-12) ), zatim ukupnu površinu tijela, BSA (r = 0.48, p = 1.68×10-9), težinu (r = 0.43, p = 8.28×10-8) te indeks tjelesne mase, BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). Nije uočena značajna povezanost dobi i pušenja cigareta s volumenom štitne žlijezde (p=0.13 i p=0.95). Univarijantna analiza je pokazala povezanost volumena štitne žlijezde i razine fT4 u plazmi (r = 0.35, p = 1.73×10-5), dok je multivarijantna analiza pokazala da su visina i razine fT4 važni parametri s značajnom ulogom u volumenu štitne žlijezde. Zaključak: Potvrdili smo prethodno uočene povezanosti volumena štitne žlijezde sa spolom i antropometrijskim parametrima i otkrili značajnu povezanost volumena štitne žlijezde i razina fT4. Nadalje, visina i razine fT4 su se pokazali kao važni parametri za predviđanje volumena štitne žlijezde.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid volume (TV) and its determinants in healthy young adults without present or previous thyroid disease. Material and methods: The study was performed in a sample of 145 healthy young participants aged 19-29 years, living in an iodine-sufficient area of Dalmatia. Dimensions of the thyroid gland were obtained by ultrasound and used to determine TV. Anthropometric data were collected, and measurements of serum TSH, fT4, Tg, TgAb and TPOAb levels were determined. Correlations between TV and other continuous variables were determined using the Pearson correlation test, while multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations of the potential predictors for the TV. Results: TV in men was larger than in women (p = 3.53×10-8) and was positively correlated with anthropometric measurements, with the highest correlation coefficient for height (r = 0.53, p = 6.36×10-12), then body surface area, BSA (r = 0.48, p = 1.68×10-9), weight (r = 0.43, p = 8.28×10-8) and body mass index, BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). Age and cigarette smoking did not appear to be significantly associated with TV (p = 0.13 and p = 0.95, respectively). Univariate analysis showed TV correlated with fT4 plasma levels (r = 0.35, p = 1.73×10-5), while multivariate analysis showed height and fT4 levels to be important parameters with a significant role in TV. Conclusion: We confirmed previously observed association of TV with sex and anthropometric parameters and reported a significant correlation between TV and fT4 levels. Furthermore, fT4 levels and height were found to be the important parameters for predicting TV

DETERMINANTS OF THYROID VOLUME

Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi parametre koji utječu na volumen štitne žlijezde u populaciji mladih odraslih osoba za koje je utvrđeno da ne boluju od bolesti štitne žlijezde. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 145 zdravih pojedinaca, uključujući 26 muškaraca i 119 žena dobi od 19 do 29 godina koji žive u Dalmaciji, području s dovoljnim unosom joda. Ultrazvukom su određene dimenzije štitne žlijezde kako bi odredili njezin volumen. Prikupljeni su antropometrijski podatci i određene serumske koncentracije TSH, fT4, Tg, anti-Tg i anti-TPO. Korelacije volumena štitne žlijezde i ostalih kontinuiranih varijabli su određene pomoću Pearsonovog testa korelacije, dok smo pomoću multivarijantne linearne regresijske analize odredili povezanost potencijalnih prediktora volumena štitne žlijezde. Rezultati: Volumen štitne žlijezde bio je veći kod muškaraca nego kod žena (p = 3.53×10-8) i pozitivno je korelirao s antropometrijskim mjerenjima, s najvećim korelacijskim koeficijentom za visinu (r = 0.53, p = 6.36×10-12) ), zatim ukupnu površinu tijela, BSA (r = 0.48, p = 1.68×10-9), težinu (r = 0.43, p = 8.28×10-8) te indeks tjelesne mase, BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). Nije uočena značajna povezanost dobi i pušenja cigareta s volumenom štitne žlijezde (p=0.13 i p=0.95). Univarijantna analiza je pokazala povezanost volumena štitne žlijezde i razine fT4 u plazmi (r = 0.35, p = 1.73×10-5), dok je multivarijantna analiza pokazala da su visina i razine fT4 važni parametri s značajnom ulogom u volumenu štitne žlijezde. Zaključak: Potvrdili smo prethodno uočene povezanosti volumena štitne žlijezde sa spolom i antropometrijskim parametrima i otkrili značajnu povezanost volumena štitne žlijezde i razina fT4. Nadalje, visina i razine fT4 su se pokazali kao važni parametri za predviđanje volumena štitne žlijezde.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid volume (TV) and its determinants in healthy young adults without present or previous thyroid disease. Material and methods: The study was performed in a sample of 145 healthy young participants aged 19-29 years, living in an iodine-sufficient area of Dalmatia. Dimensions of the thyroid gland were obtained by ultrasound and used to determine TV. Anthropometric data were collected, and measurements of serum TSH, fT4, Tg, TgAb and TPOAb levels were determined. Correlations between TV and other continuous variables were determined using the Pearson correlation test, while multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations of the potential predictors for the TV. Results: TV in men was larger than in women (p = 3.53×10-8) and was positively correlated with anthropometric measurements, with the highest correlation coefficient for height (r = 0.53, p = 6.36×10-12), then body surface area, BSA (r = 0.48, p = 1.68×10-9), weight (r = 0.43, p = 8.28×10-8) and body mass index, BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). Age and cigarette smoking did not appear to be significantly associated with TV (p = 0.13 and p = 0.95, respectively). Univariate analysis showed TV correlated with fT4 plasma levels (r = 0.35, p = 1.73×10-5), while multivariate analysis showed height and fT4 levels to be important parameters with a significant role in TV. Conclusion: We confirmed previously observed association of TV with sex and anthropometric parameters and reported a significant correlation between TV and fT4 levels. Furthermore, fT4 levels and height were found to be the important parameters for predicting TV

DETERMINANTS OF THYROID VOLUME

Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi parametre koji utječu na volumen štitne žlijezde u populaciji mladih odraslih osoba za koje je utvrđeno da ne boluju od bolesti štitne žlijezde. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 145 zdravih pojedinaca, uključujući 26 muškaraca i 119 žena dobi od 19 do 29 godina koji žive u Dalmaciji, području s dovoljnim unosom joda. Ultrazvukom su određene dimenzije štitne žlijezde kako bi odredili njezin volumen. Prikupljeni su antropometrijski podatci i određene serumske koncentracije TSH, fT4, Tg, anti-Tg i anti-TPO. Korelacije volumena štitne žlijezde i ostalih kontinuiranih varijabli su određene pomoću Pearsonovog testa korelacije, dok smo pomoću multivarijantne linearne regresijske analize odredili povezanost potencijalnih prediktora volumena štitne žlijezde. Rezultati: Volumen štitne žlijezde bio je veći kod muškaraca nego kod žena (p = 3.53×10-8) i pozitivno je korelirao s antropometrijskim mjerenjima, s najvećim korelacijskim koeficijentom za visinu (r = 0.53, p = 6.36×10-12) ), zatim ukupnu površinu tijela, BSA (r = 0.48, p = 1.68×10-9), težinu (r = 0.43, p = 8.28×10-8) te indeks tjelesne mase, BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). Nije uočena značajna povezanost dobi i pušenja cigareta s volumenom štitne žlijezde (p=0.13 i p=0.95). Univarijantna analiza je pokazala povezanost volumena štitne žlijezde i razine fT4 u plazmi (r = 0.35, p = 1.73×10-5), dok je multivarijantna analiza pokazala da su visina i razine fT4 važni parametri s značajnom ulogom u volumenu štitne žlijezde. Zaključak: Potvrdili smo prethodno uočene povezanosti volumena štitne žlijezde sa spolom i antropometrijskim parametrima i otkrili značajnu povezanost volumena štitne žlijezde i razina fT4. Nadalje, visina i razine fT4 su se pokazali kao važni parametri za predviđanje volumena štitne žlijezde.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid volume (TV) and its determinants in healthy young adults without present or previous thyroid disease. Material and methods: The study was performed in a sample of 145 healthy young participants aged 19-29 years, living in an iodine-sufficient area of Dalmatia. Dimensions of the thyroid gland were obtained by ultrasound and used to determine TV. Anthropometric data were collected, and measurements of serum TSH, fT4, Tg, TgAb and TPOAb levels were determined. Correlations between TV and other continuous variables were determined using the Pearson correlation test, while multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations of the potential predictors for the TV. Results: TV in men was larger than in women (p = 3.53×10-8) and was positively correlated with anthropometric measurements, with the highest correlation coefficient for height (r = 0.53, p = 6.36×10-12), then body surface area, BSA (r = 0.48, p = 1.68×10-9), weight (r = 0.43, p = 8.28×10-8) and body mass index, BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). Age and cigarette smoking did not appear to be significantly associated with TV (p = 0.13 and p = 0.95, respectively). Univariate analysis showed TV correlated with fT4 plasma levels (r = 0.35, p = 1.73×10-5), while multivariate analysis showed height and fT4 levels to be important parameters with a significant role in TV. Conclusion: We confirmed previously observed association of TV with sex and anthropometric parameters and reported a significant correlation between TV and fT4 levels. Furthermore, fT4 levels and height were found to be the important parameters for predicting TV