Comparative legal analysis of protectability of olfactory trademarks

In the current growing global commercial turnover of goods and services, there are increasing demands on the ways of their individualization. This applies both to traditional methods of individualization (corporate name, trademark, commercial designation, name of origin, etc.) and non-traditional (olfactory trademarks). The purpose of this study is to study and analyze doctrinal concepts, norms of the current legislation, and law enforcement practice concerning the protection of rights of olfactory trademarks. In order to achieve this objective, the study used a comparative legal method, which analyzed the legal and regulatory framework, as well as the grounds for refusing to register non-traditional trademarks in various legal systems and national jurisdictions. The task of the authors was to conduct a comprehensive study of legislative regulation and practice of legal protection of olfactory trademarks in various jurisdictions. The result of the research is the formulation of a general trend in different jurisdictions toward the legislation on registration of exclusive rights to non-traditional trademarks, which with the help of aromas (smells) allow individualizing the owners of goods produced by them and/or commercial services provided

Case study on quantum convolutional neural network scalability

One of the crucial tasks in computer science is the processing time reduction of various data types, i.e., images, which is important for different fields -- from medicine and logistics to virtual shopping. Compared to classical computers, quantum computers are capable of parallel data processing, which reduces the data processing time. This quality of quantum computers inspired intensive research of the potential of quantum technologies applicability to real-life tasks. Some progress has already revealed on a smaller volumes of the input data. In this research effort, I aimed to increase the amount of input data (I used images from 2 x 2 to 8 x 8), while reducing the processing time, by way of skipping intermediate measurement steps. The hypothesis was that, for increased input data, the omitting of intermediate measurement steps after each quantum convolution layer will improve output metric results and accelerate data processing. To test the hypothesis, I performed experiments to chose the best activation function and its derivative in each network. The hypothesis was partly confirmed in terms of output mean squared error (MSE) -- it dropped from 0.25 in the result of classical convolutional neural network (CNN) training to 0.23 in the result of quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) training. In terms of the training time, however, which was 1.5 minutes for CNN and 4 hours 37 minutes in the least lengthy training iteration, the hypothesis was rejected.Comment: 11 pages (without references), 13 figure

Croatian composers’ diseases – biopathographies

Presentation of the diseases among 25 significant croatian composers reveals some infectious diseases (tuberculosis, etc.) among the composers who had died young and some chronic non-infectious diseases (mostly malignant, inflammatory and cardiocerebral origin) among composers who died in old age. It is a part of the pathographic review of over 300 composers from the book »Diseases and destinies of famous composers«

Upravljanje zalihama kao čimbenik uspješnog poslovanja hrvatskih poduzeća

Zalihe su materijali, robe i/ili sirovine pohranjeni u skladišta s ciljem osiguranja normalne proizvodnje i zadovoljstva kupaca. Zalihama je moguće manipulirati tako da se ne prikazivanje stanja kretanja, promjene podaci koristeći fleksibilnost računovodstvenih regulatorskih okvira. Upravljanje zalihama od izuzetne je važnosti za uspješno poslovanje poduzeća te je u ovom radu prikazano istraživanje na uzorku od 127 hrvatskih poduzeća. Ovim istraživanjem nastojalo se doći do spoznaje u kolikoj mjeri poduzeća vode politiku upravljanja zalihama, odnosno provjeriti provode li u dovoljnoj mjeri poduzeća u Republici Hrvatskoj politiku upravljanja zalihama, njihovo praćenje, analizu samih zaliha odnosno njihovu kurentnost, te koje metode i tehnike najčešće poduzeća koriste za praćenje zaliha u poslovanju. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da poduzeća u RH u dovoljno mjeri provode politiku upravljanja zalihama, iako poduzeća iz promatranog uzorka najčešće primjenjuju metodu za kontrolu troškova zaliha JIT (just-in-time) što može biti vrlo rizično za upravljački menadžment poduzeća

Education as the Basis for Developing Human Capital

Considering the theoretical, legal, and methodological foundations and using scientific methods have allowed us to reveal approaches for studying education values and establishing directions for human capital development. A set of research methods we used has contributed to substantiating the logical sequence and directions for human capital development. Differences in developing human capital are mainly due to the level of education. The research problem is to study education as a factor influencing the development of human capital. The paper aims to study the role of education in the development of human capital. The research object is human capital. The research subject is the impact of education on the development of human capital. The practical and scientific significance of the paper is in further studies on the influence of education on the development of human capital. Moreover, it is in overcoming the economic approach to this significant, complex, and multifaceted phenomenon

Development of Meta-Geosystems of Tourist and Recreational Clusters

The study aims to find a key to the problem of managing cultural heritage systems in the example of the Temnikov-Sanaksar cluster located in Eastern Europe. This area is situated between the forest-steppe of the layered-tier Volga upland and the forest geosystems of the layered Oka-Don lowland. The article applies an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of optimizing inter-component relationships in the meta-geosystems of tourist and recreational clusters. The sustainable development of meta-geosystems should be based on multifactorial information support, which implements the most important condition for the effective economic development of landscapes through the formation of the regions’ spatial data infrastructure. In order to consistently optimize meta-geosystems of different hierarchical levels, it is necessary to solve several emerging issues, such as assessing the strength and nature of inter-component connections in geosystems, determination of factors describing the territorial variation of the properties of geosystems, interpreting and substantiation the semantics of the selected basic factors

Photosynthesis, biochemical activity, and leaf anatomy of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) plants under potassium deficiency

The effects of potassium (K) deficiency on the physiological, bio-chemical, and anatomical parameters of leaves in the tree tomato plants (Solanum betaceum Cav.) were evaluated during vegetative growth. The experiment was carried out for 135 days after treatment applications under greenhouse conditions, employing the nutrient solutions with the following treatments: control plants (without K de-ficiency) and the plants with K deficiency. The light response curve, photosynthesis at light saturation (Amax), light compensation point (Ic), transpiration rate (E), stomatal resistance (SR), and pigment contents in leaves were evaluated. Additionally, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble sugars, proline, and leaf anatomy parameters were assessed. In the K-deficient plants, the reduction in Amax (66%), Ic (63.7%), E (66%), Fv/Fm (17.3%), contents of total chlorophyll (77.4%) and chlorophyll a (52%), thickness of leaf blade L (28.5%), palisade parenchyma PP (6.5%), and spongy parenchyma SP (9.5%) were observed, compared to the control plants. In contrast, the variables that increased significantly were SR (65%), MDA (52%), Upper epidermis thickness (Ue) (27.1%), and Lower epidermis thickness (Le) (22.3%). The potassium deficiency caused alterations in the plant development due to the influence on physiological, biochemical, and anatomical parameters, which suggests the importance of mineral nutrition with K for this plant