18 research outputs found

    The role of CD98hc in renal cancer cell behavior

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    CD98hc (SLC3A2), ein Typ II transmembranes Protein, besitzt eine heterodimere Struktur und besteht aus einer schweren und leichten Untereinheit. Erstmals als 4F2 antigen identifiziert, ist CD98hc ein ZelloberflĂ€chenmolekĂŒl, welches eine erhöhte Expression in T - Zellen sowie in stark proliferierenden Zellen aufweist. Einerseits interagiert CD98hc - ĂŒber DisulfidbrĂŒcken verbunden- mit einer von sieben verschiedenen leichten Ketten, diese sind AminosĂ€urentransporter, andererseits interagiert CD98hc mit der cytoplasmatischen DomĂ€ne von Integrinen und mediiert dadurch AdhĂ€sions - induzierte Signaltransduktion [1]. Eine Deletion von CD98hc in MĂ€usen fĂŒhrt zwischen dem embryonalen Tag E 3,5 und E 9,5 zur LetalitĂ€t [2, 3]. In in vivo Xenotransplantversuchen konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Deletion von CD98hc in embryonalen Stammzellen die FĂ€higkeit Teratokarzinome zu bilden blockiert, desweiteren fĂŒhr dies zu verringertem Zellwachstum und Apoptose [4]. Eine Überexpression von CD98hc hingegen fĂŒhrte in murinen Fiboblasten zu einem erhöhten Wachstum unabhĂ€ngig von AdhĂ€sion [5]. In dieser PhD - Arbeit wurde CD98hc als neuer und einzigartiger diagnostischer Marker fĂŒr das maligne Nierenzellkarzinom (RCC) identifiziert, dazu gehören das klarzellige RCC sowie das papillĂ€re RCC und das Chromophobe RCC. Hierbei korrelierte das Level der CD98hc Expression mit dem Grad der Differenzierung, wobei das maligne und aggressivere Grad 3/ Grad 4 ccRCC und Typ II pRCC eine signifikant höhere CD98hc Expression in semiquantitativen Analysen aufweisen. Mittels einer Kombination aus Über- und Unterexpression von CD98hc in in vitro Versuchen, konnte bisher erstmalig die Bedeutung von CD98hc auf das Tumorzellverhalten, wie Tumorzell-Proliferation, Anoikis, Zellmigration und Zell-Spreading, gezeigt werden. ^Zusammenfassend zeigen diese Daten, dass CD98hc nicht nur ein neuartiger Biomarker fĂŒr das maligne Nierenzellkarzinom ist, sonder auch ein potentielles diagnostisches Target fĂŒr maligne Erkrankungen darstellen kann.CD98(SLC3A2) has a heteromeric structure, consisting of a heavy subunit linked to a light subunit via disulfide bridges, CD98, originally identified as the 4F2 antigen, is a cell surface molecule, which is highly expressed in activated T cells, proliferating endothelial cells, and proliferating fibroblasts. The heavy subunit is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein associated with one of seven different light chains. The latter ones provide amino acid transport activity of CD98, while the heavy chain (CD98hc) is thought to mediate adhesion induced signal transduction via integrins [1]. Disruption of the CD98hc gene led to embryonic lethality between day E 3.5 and E 9.5 [2, 3]. Deletion of CD98hc in embryonic stem cells blocked their ability to form teratocarcinomas in vivo transplants in mice [2], while inhibition of CD98hc in vitro led to reduced cell growth and apoptosis in embryonic stem cells [4]. Over-expression of CD98hc in murine fibroblasts resulted in anchorage-independent growth [5]. In this PhD - thesis CD98hc was identified as a novel diagnostic marker for malignant renal cell cancer, among them clear cell renal cell cancer, papillary as well as chromphobe renal cell cancer. Thereby, level of CD98hc expression correlated with grade of differentiation, whereby the more malignant grade3/ grade4 ccRCC or type II pRCC revealed significant higher CD98hc expression in semi-quantitative analyses. Furthermore, by a combination of loss and gain of function approaches a hitherto undescribed functional role of CD98hc in tumor cell behavior such as tumor cell proliferation, cell survival upon detachment, cell migration or spreading was revealed. In conclusion these data indicated that CD98hc is not only a novel biomarker in RCC, but might also represent a pathological diagnostic target in cancer.submitted by Marina PöttlerAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in dt. SpracheWien, Med. Univ., Diss., 2012OeBB(VLID)171549

    Mitoxantrone and Mitoxantrone-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Death in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Spheroids

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    Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a hard-to-treat, deadly malignancy. Traditional treatments, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, unfortunately are still not able to significantly improve long-term survival. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures might be a platform to study new drug types in a highly reproducible, resource-saving model within a relevant pathophysiological cellular microenvironment. We used a 3D culture of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines to investigate a potential new treatment approach using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a drug delivery system for mitoxantrone (MTO), a chemotherapeutic agent. We established a PaCa DD183 cell line and generated PANC-1SMAD4 (−/−) cells by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, differing in a prognostically relevant mutation in the TGF-ÎČ pathway. Afterwards, we formed spheroids using PaCa DD183, PANC-1 and PANC-1SMAD4 (−/−) cells, and analyzed the uptake and cytotoxic effect of free MTO and MTO-loaded SPIONs by microscopy and flow cytometry. MTO and SPION–MTO-induced cell death in all tumor spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, spheroids with a SMAD4 mutation showed an increased uptake of MTO and SPION–MTO, while at the same time being more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents. MTO-loaded SPIONs, with their ability for magnetic drug targeting, could be a future approach for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas
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