Electrochemical creatinine determination with metal-organic framework catalyst based on copper and acetylenedicarboxylic acid

Fast and accurate determination of creatinine is critical in kidney function diagnostics. This paper discusses the usage of the metal-organic framework based on copper(II) and acetylenedicarboxylic acid (CuADCA) as a catalyst of electrochemical oxidation of creatinine, glucose and urea. CuADCA was synthesized by deprotonation with triethylamine for the first time. Successful synthesis was confirmed by FTIR and EDS. The material was characterized by SEM, EIS, and CV. CuADCA forms laminated-like flakes with diameter from 1 µm to 20 µm, which is consistent with the polymer-like structure. CV and EIS analyses showed that CuADCA immobilized on GCE acts as a catalyst in electrooxidation reaction of glucose, urea, and creatinine. The sensitivity of creatinine detection, 1057±99 µA/mM, was higher than the detection sensitivity of glucose and urea by more than 100 times with the limit of detection of 2 µM, so CuADCA is a promising material for further development of enzymeless sensors for creatinine

The significance of circulating progenitor cells with osteogenic activity in the of atherosclerosis development in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: There is an interaction between cell-mediated pathway of the vessel calcification and atherosclerosis processes. In some studies the relation beeen circulating osteogenic progenitor cells and cardiovascular diseases was shown. Though its role in the development of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unknown. AIM: To study the level of circulating endothelial (CD34 + VEGFR2 +) and osteogenic (CD34 + OCN +) progenitor cells in patients with CVD and T2DM. METHODS: We observed patients with CVD (coronary artery disease and / or chronic limb threatening ischemia) with T2DM and without T2DM. Patients with CVD and T2DM were included in group 1 patients with CVD and without T2D were included in group 2. The level of CD34 + VEGFR2 cells and CD34 + OCN+ cells was determined by flow cytometry.There were no differences in the age, gender, lipid profile, body mass index, creatinine clearance, myocardial revascularization and lower limb revascularization between the 2 groups.The level of CD34 + VEGFR2 cells and CD34 + OCN+ cells was determined by flow cytometry. The number of cells was determined by a percentage of the number of CD34+ cells. RESULTS: We observed 71 patients (38 women, mean age 67 years [62, 74]). Forty six patients were included in group 1 (28 women, mean age 68 years [63;75], 25 patients (10 women, 66 years [55;72]) were included in group 2. We found that in patients with CVD and T2DM demonstrated higher amounts of CD34+OCN+ cells than CD34+VEGFR2+ cells. (29.7% [26.2;36.1] and 11.8% [9.57;17.2], p<0.001). In the 1st group observed higher amounts of CD34+OCN+ cells, than in the 2d group (29.7 [26.2;36.1] и 25.6 [17.3;30.7] соответственно; p=0.035). Positive correlation was established between amount of CD34+OCN+ cells and atherogenic lipid fraction, LDL (r=0.4; р=0.032) and total cholesterol (r=0.27; р=0.05) in patients of group 1.While SYNTAX score tertiles and amount of CD34+OCN+ cells (r = 0.50, p=0.021) were the positive correlation. Between coronary artery calcium score and amount of CD34+OCN+ cells (r = 0.49, p=0.034) was the positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired results may indicate the active role of CD34+OCN+ endothelial progenitor cells in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in patients with T2DM

Assessment of the dynamics of the physical and functional state of athletes of the highest category in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic based on the use of digital technologies

The aim of the study was to monitor the reaction of athletes to COVID-19 and to develop a methodology for monitoring the physical and functional condition of highly qualified basketball team players in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in professional sports today, a methodology for assessing the physical and functional state of athletes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is only being formed. Of particular interest is the application of digital technology, since it gives accurate and objective results. The technique developed in the course of the study can be used not only to analyze the condition of highly qualified basketball players, but also for athletes of other team sports volleyball, handball, football and others

Infusion Effect on Postoperative Intestinal Failure

Purpose: improvement of the results of operative treatment in patients with emergency abdominal pathology by selecting the tactics of perioperative infusion therapy that would be optimum for postoperative bowel function recovery.Materials and methods. 52 surgical patients (28 men, 24 women, mean age 57.5±14 years) subjected to various emergency abdominal surgeries were studied. The patients were split into 2 groups. It was a prospective study; group affiliation was determined by randomization. In group 1 (n=29), balanced ionic solutions were used for perioperative infusion therapy. In group 2 (n=23), balanced ionic solutions were combined with synthetic colloids. The infusion therapy volume during operation was 2359 ml on average. To determine the bowel function during the postoperative period, comprehensive dynamic assessment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) status was undertaken, which included physical examination, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement, and ultrasound visualization of the intestinal wall condition; the dynamics of intestinal absorptive function and common laboratory tests were monitored. The level of intestinal failure during the postoperative period was determined based on assessment of the GIT condition and recommendations of the National Guidelines for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.Results. A strong significant correlation (r=1.000, P=0.01) between the volume of perioperative infusion therapy and the stage of postoperative intestinal failure was established.Conclusion. During performance of emergency surgeries, the volume of intra-operative infusion therapy rendered a direct influence on the postoperative bowel function. Optimization and application of a targeted corrective infusion therapy during the perioperative period promote earlier resolution of postoperative intestinal failure

Association of polymorphism rs7903146 gene TCF7L2 with low concentrations of autoantibodies in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)

Aim. To determine the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic marker rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and healthy individuals. The aims of the study were also to compare the distribution of alleles and genotypes and to explore the association with the development of LADA. Materials and methods. A total of 96 patients (46 females and 50 males) with LADA and 201 healthy individuals were examined. A quantitative determination of autoantibodies GADA, ICA, IA-2A and ZnT8 in the serum of LADA patients was performed. All patients underwent genotyping of rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 genes. Results. There was an increased frequency of the T allele and genotype T+ of marker rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene in patients with LADA with low concentrations of autoantibodies compared to a group of patients with high concentrations and with controls. We observed significant associations of the T allele and genotype T+ with LADA in patients with low concentrations of autoantibodies [p = 0.02; odds ratio (OR) = 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–3.13 and p = 0.04; OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.01–4.53 for the T allele and genotype T+, respectively). Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that LADA patients with low concentrations of autoantibodies have a genetically pre-determined similarity with patients with type 2 diabetes

Hemostasis System and Plasminogen Activity in Retrochorial Hematoma in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

(1) Background: The components of the fibrinolytic system and its main component, plasminogen, play a key role in the first months of pregnancy. The effect of autoantibodies interacting with plasminogen in the formation of retrochorial hematoma is unknown. The aim of our study was to determine the role of plasminogen and IgA, IgM, and IgG, which bind to plasminogen, in retrochorial hematoma. (2) Methods: Prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), partial activated thromboplastin time (aPTT), soluble fibrin-monomer complex (SFMC), D-dimer, plasminogen activity (%Plg), plasminogen concentration (Plg), and the levels of IgG (IgG-Plg), IgM (IgM-Plg), IgA (IgA-Plg) interacting with plasminogen were determined in plasma samples of 57 women with normal pregnancy and 16 with retrochorial hematoma. (3) Results: %Plg in plasma samples from women with retrochorial hematoma was significantly lower than in plasma samples from women with normal pregnancy. The diagnostic significance of %Plg in the ROC analysis was AUC = 0.85. A direct correlation was found between aPTT and the level of autologous IgM interacting with plasminogen. (4) Conclusions: A decrease in the activity of plasminogen in the blood serum of women in the first trimester of pregnancy may indicate disturbances in the hemostasis system and the formation of retrochorial hematoma. According to the results of the study, it is possible to recommend the determination of plasminogen activity in the management of pregnant women in gynecological practice

Flagellin-fused protein targeting M2e and HA2 induces potent humoral and T-cell responses and protects mice against various influenza viruses a subtypes

Abstract Background Current influenza vaccines are mainly strain-specific and have limited efficacy in preventing new, potentially pandemic, influenza strains. Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum vaccines based on conserved antigens. A current trend in the design of universal flu vaccines is the construction of recombinant proteins based on combinations of various conserved epitopes of viral proteins (M1, M2, HA2, NP). In this study, we compared the immunogenicity and protective action of two recombinant proteins which feature different designs and which target different antigens. Results Balb/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with Flg-HA2–2-4M2ehs or FlgSh-HA2–2-4M2ehs; these constructs differ in the location of hemagglutinin’s HA2–2(76–130) insertion into flagellin (FliC). The humoral and T-cell immune responses to these constructs were evaluated. The simultaneous expression of different M2e and HA2–2(76–130) in recombinant protein form induces a strong M2e-specific IgG response and CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell response. The insertion of HA2–2(76–130) into the hypervariable domain of flagellin greatly increases antigen-specific T-cell response, as evidenced by the formation of multi-cytokine-secreting CD4+, CD8+ T-cells, Tem, and Tcm. Both proteins provide full protection from lethal challenge with A/H3N2 and A/H7N9. Conclusion Our results show that highly conserved M2e and HA2–2(76–130) can be used as important targets for the development of universal flu vaccines. The location of the HA2–2(76–130) peptide’s insertion into the hypervariable domain of flagellin had a significant effect on the T-cell response to influenza antigens, as seen by forming of multi-cytokine-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells

Protection against Multiple Influenza A Virus Strains Induced by Candidate Recombinant Vaccine Based on Heterologous M2e Peptides Linked to Flagellin

<div><p>Matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a broadly protective influenza vaccine. M2e-based vaccines against human influenza A provide only partial protection against avian influenza viruses because of differences in the M2e sequences. In this work, we evaluated the possibility of obtaining equal protection and immune response by using recombinant protein on the basis of flagellin as a carrier of the M2e peptides of human and avian influenza A viruses. Recombinant protein was generated by the fusion of two tandem copies of consensus M2e sequence from human influenza A and two copies of M2e from avian A/H5N1 viruses to flagellin (Flg-2M2eh2M2ek). Intranasal immunisation of Balb/c mice with recombinant protein significantly elicited anti-M2e IgG in serum, IgG and sIgA in BAL. Antibodies induced by the fusion protein Flg-2M2eh2M2ek bound efficiently to synthetic peptides corresponding to the human consensus M2e sequence as well as to the M2e sequence of A/Chicken/Kurgan/05/05 RG (H5N1) and recognised native M2e epitopes exposed on the surface of the MDCK cells infected with A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Chicken/Kurgan/05/05 RG (H5N1) to an equal degree. Immunisation led to both anti-M2e IgG1 and IgG2a response with IgG1 prevalence. We observed a significant intracellular production of IL-4, but not IFN-γ, by CD4+ T-cells in spleen of mice following immunisation with Flg-2M2eh2M2ek. Immunisation with the Flg-2M2eh2M2ek fusion protein provided similar protection from lethal challenge with human influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2) and avian influenza virus (H5N1). Immunised mice experienced significantly less weight loss and decreased lung viral titres compared to control mice. The data obtained show the potential for the development of an M2e-flagellin candidate influenza vaccine with broad spectrum protection against influenza A viruses of various origins.</p></div