Cárie dentária e fatores relacionados em crianças Brasileiras de região com água fluoretada e não fluoretada

PURPOSE: To compare the caries prevalence, saliva buffering capacity (SBC), oral hygiene (OH), dietary habits, family income (FI) and frequency of visits to a dental office (Do) between Brazilian children living in areas with and without fluoridated public water supply. METHODS: Forty-six 5-7-year-old preschoolers were selected in Itatiba, SP, Brazil; 19 were from a fluoridated area, and 27 were from a non-fluoridated area. The caries index was determined according to the World Health Organization criteria, and the SBC was assessed by titration with hydrochloric acid. The FI, frequency of OH and visits to Do were estimated by questionnaire. The dietary habits were assessed with a diet chart. The differences between the groups were analyzed with Mann-Whitney-U tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: Children from the non-fluoridated area showed significantly higher dmft/DMFT than those from the fluoridated area, but they showed significantly lower SBC, OH frequency and FI. No significant differences were observed between the areas for dietary habits and visits to Do. CONCLUSION: Children from fluoridated areas showed higher salivary buffering capacity, family income and oral hygiene frequency as well as lower caries prevalence, supporting the beneficial effect of fluoride in the tap water for caries prevention.OBJETIVO: Comparar prevalência de cárie, capacidade tamponante da saliva (CTS), higiene bucal (HB), hábitos dietéticos, renda familiar (RF) e frequência de visita a consultórios odontológicos (Co) entre crianças brasileiras residentes em áreas de água de abastecimento público fluoretadas e não fluoretadas. METODOLOGIA: Quarenta e seis crianças entre 5-7 anos foram selecionadas em Itatiba-SP-Brasil, sendo 19 pertencentes à área fluoretada e 27 à área não fluoretada. O índice de cárie foi determinado de acordo com o critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde e a CTS foi medida por titulação com ácido clorídrico. A RF, frequência de HB e visita ao Co foram estimadas por questionário. Os hábitos dietéticos foram avaliados com diário de dieta. As diferenças entre as variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste de Mann Whitney (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: As crianças da área não fluoretada apresentaram significativamente maior ceod/CPOD que àquelas da área fluoretada, porém significativamente menor CTS, HB e RF. Com relação a hábitos dietéticos e visitas ao Co, não foi observada diferença significativa entre as áreas. CONCLUSÃO: As crianças da área fluoretada apresentaram maior capacidade tamponante da saliva, renda familiar e frequência de higiene bucal, assim como menor prevalência de cárie, reforçando o efeito benéfico do flúor nas águas de abastecimento para prevenir a cárie

Efeito da prática de alimentação infantil e de fatores associados sobre a ocorrência da cárie dental em pré-escolares de 18 a 48 meses

Este estudo foi realizado objetivando estudar o efeito das práticas de alimentação infantil e de fatores associados sobre a ocorrência de cárie dental. Para isso, determinou-se o ceo-d e o ceo-s em 156 crianças de 18 a 48 meses e foi aplicado às mães um questionário incluindo perguntas sobre a ocupação do pai, nível educacional da mãe, higiene bucal, época de erupção do dente e sobre práticas de alimentação infantil. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através dos testes X2 e Mann-Whitney U. A média do ceo-s foi 3,4 com 40% das crianças livres de cáries, sendo que 36 e 24% tinham um ceo-d maior que 0 e 4, respectivamente. Notou-se que 72% das crianças eram alimentadas ao seio, 17% apenas com mamadeira e 10% pelos dois meios. Das crianças alimentadas apenas com mamadeira 70% apresentaram cárie. A cárie de mamadeira foi observada em 20% das crianças, sendo que 77% destas tinham sido alimentadas por mais de 12 meses. As crianças, cujos pais eram profissionais com terceiro grau de escolaridade, tiveram significativamente menos cárie do que aquelas de pais com nível técnico ou pais operários. A prevalência de cárie na faixa etária estudada foi relativamente alta. As crianças com cárie de mamadeira tenderam a manter seus hábitos de aleitamento por mais de 12 meses, sendo que o uso de mamadeira açucarada estava presente em 100% dos casos.This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of caries in pre-school children and inquire into infant feeding history and associated factors. One hundred fifty six children of ages from 18 to 48 months were clinically examined for dental caries (dmf-t and dmf-s) by one investigator, who was unaware of the mother s responses to the questionnaire administered by an interviewer. The results were analyzed using non-parametric tests, chi-squared and Man Whitney U. Overall mean dmf-s per children was 3,4 with 40% of the subjects being caries free. It was observed that of those with caries, 36 e 24% had a dmf-t higher than 0 and 4 respectively. The percentage of caries free and not caries free subjects were 42 and 57% for those only breast, 38 and 62% for breast and bottle and 30 and 70% for only bottle fed children. Nursing caries were seen in 20% of the subjects. Bottle fed children were more likely to have nursing caries than those only breast fed. of those with nursing caries, 77% had been fed for more than 12 months. The mean dmf-t for children in social classes I, II and III were 1.6, 3.6 and 3.1 with 50%, 25% and 29% caries free, respectively. Similarly, children whose mothers had a post-graduation or a college degree had a mean dmf-t significantly lower than those whose mothers finished middle school (p < 0,05). It was concluded that the prevalence of caries in early childhood is relatively high in Piracicaba. The children having nursing caries tended to keep their nursing habits for more than 12 months

PREVALENCE OF NOCTURNAL BRUXISMIN 2-11-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

Epidemiological studies have reported a wide range of incidence of bruxism in children (5% to 81%), which makes difficult the establishment of comparative parameters. The aim of this study was to record the prevalence of nocturnal bruxism (NB) and its features in two hundred and thirteen 2-11-year-old children. Interviews were performed with 130children receiving dental treatment at a school of dentistry (FOP-UNICAMP) and 83 children attended at private dental offices. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the children's parents/relatives and dentist. Data were analyzed by test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Prevalence of NB was 28.64% (n=61). Difference between frequencies of bruxers and non-bruxers was not significant concerning the place of dental treatment (p&gt;0.05). In relation to dentition, 39.34% of the children with primary teeth and 24.34% with mixed dentition were bruxers (p&lt;0.05). Among the bruxers (n=61), 27.87% were anxious and 31.15% were hyperactive children. Fifty-one per cent of the bruxers had respiratory problems and/or allergy. High prevalence of NB was recorded for 2-5-year-old and 10-11-year-old children.Uma grande variação de prevalência de bruxismo infantil é relatada na literatura (5% a 81%), dificultando o estabelecimento de parâmetros comparativos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de bruxismo excêntrico noturno (BEN) e suas características em 213 crianças de 2 a 11 anos, sendo 130 crianças atendidas na Clínica de Odontologia Infantil da FOP-UNICAMP e 83 crianças atendidas em consultório particular. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista dirigida ao responsável pela criança e ao seu dentista e analisados estatisticamente através dos testes e de Kruskal-Wallis. Os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de BEN de 28,64% (n=61). A diferença de freqüência entre crianças bruxômanas e não bruxômanas não foi significativa em relação ao local de atendimento (FOP versus consultório) (p&gt;0,05). Considerando o tipo de dentição, 39,34% das crianças com dentadura decídua e 24,34% com dentição mista eram bruxômanas (p&lt;0,05). Entre os bruxômanos (n=61), 27,87% eram crianças ansiosas e 31,15% eram hiperativas. Cinqüenta e um por cento das crianças com BEN tinham problemas respiratórios e/ou alérgicos. Em relação à idade, observou-se uma maior prevalência de BEN em crianças de 2 a 5anos e de 10 a 11 anos

Evaluation of the effect of a CO2 laser and fluoride on the reduction of carious lesions progression in primary teeth: An in vitro study

This study aimed at investigating if CO2 laser irradiation (λ =10.6μm - 11.3 J/cm2) combined with fluoridated products, enhances the CaF2 formation on enamel surface and inhibits lesion progression of demineralized primary enamel. Thus, 135 demineralized primary enamel specimens (DES) were allocated to 9 groups (n=15) as follows: 1- DES only, 2- DES + pH cycling (control), 3- 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF), 4- 1.23% fluoride foam (FF), 5- 5% fluoride varnish (FV), 6- CO2 Laser (L), 7 - Laser during APF application, 8-Laser during FF application and 9-Laser during FV application. Except for the demineralized enamel group, all specimens were submitted to a 7 day pH cycling regime. The knoop hardness number (KHN) was determined by cross-sectional microhardness analysis. After treatments application, three specimens of each group had their surface examined for CaF2 formation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was analyzed by ANOVA and Student's t-test (α= 0.05). Enamel mineral loss (Î"S) for groups 1 to 9 were respectively,(8,676.28±1,077.46b) ,(12,419.54±1,050.21a),(8,156.80±1,279.90b),(8,081.32±1, 019.69b),(8,820.86±1,805. 99b),(8,723.45±1,167.14b),(9,003. 17±796.90b),(8.229,03±961.25b),(9,023.32±1,1069b). The results showed statistically significant difference between control and all treatments groups (p0.05). SEM observations showed evidences of melting, fusion and calcium fluoride formation on enamel surface. In conclusion, laser irradiation alone or combined with fluoridated products inhibited lesion progression of demineralized primary enamel surface. However, no synergistic effect was observed when CO2 laser irradiation and fluoridated products application were combined8929sem informaçã

The protective potential of Carbonic Anhydrase VI (CA VI) against tooth decay in children: A systematic review of the literature

Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in saliva with possible pH regulation, taste perception, and tooth formation effects.&nbsp;Objective: The aim of this work was to undertake a systematic review regarding the relationship between the expression/activity of CA VI in saliva and in dental biofilm and caries experience.&nbsp;Study design: Five databases were searched until February 2020. The composition was based on the PRISMA statement and on the PICOS model. First author, year, subject characteristics, analysis performed, outcome, measures &amp; variables were extracted. The used terms were &ldquo;carbonic anhydrase VI&rdquo;, &ldquo;saliva&rdquo;, &ldquo;dental biofilm&rdquo; and &ldquo;dental caries&rdquo;.Results: Five studies in the English language were selected for this systematic review and the main discussed topics were the expression/activity of CA VI in saliva and/or in the dental biofilm of children, and its relationship with dental caries.&nbsp;Conclusion: Salivary carbonic anhydrase plays an important role in the caries dynamics process since there is an association between the expression/activity of CA VI in saliva and the experience of caries. Thus, this protein can predict the risk of dental caries in young patients

In situ effect of a dentifrice with low fluoride concentration and low ph on enamel remineralization and fluoride uptake

Since the anticaries effect of a dentifrice with low fluoride concentration and low pH is unknown, the aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ the enamel remineralizing ability of this type of formulation. A double-blind crossover design employing 3 phases of 45 days was conducted. Six adult volunteers wore palatal devices containing 6 previously demineralized human dental enamel slabs, which were subjected 3 times a day to one of the following treatments: non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control); dentifrice containing 1, 100 microg F/g, pH 7.0 (positive control); dentifrice containing 550 microg F/g, pH 5.5 (experimental). At the end of each phase, enamel remineralization was assessed in terms of cross-sectional microhardness, and loosely as well as firmly bound fluoride formation was determined on the enamel surface. Fluoridated dentifrices were more effective than the negative control in forming loosely and firmly bound fluoride on enamel (P < 0.05). However, the positive control formed more loosely bound fluoride than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Microhardness analysis showed that the fluoridated dentifrices were more effective than the negative control (P < 0.05) in remineralizing dental enamel, although no statistically significant difference was observed between them. Thus, the experimental dentifrice was shown to be effective in remineralizing dental enamel, and this may be attributable to its ability to form firmly bound fluoride on enamel.Since the anticaries effect of a dentifrice with low fluoride concentration and low pH is unknown, the aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ the enamel remineralizing ability of this type of formulation. A double-blind crossover design employing 3 phases of 45 days was conducted. Six adult volunteers wore palatal devices containing 6 previously demineralized human dental enamel slabs, which were subjected 3 times a day to one of the following treatments: non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control); dentifrice containing 1, 100 μg F/g, pH 7.0 (positive control); dentifrice containing 550 μg F/g, pH 5.5 (experimental). At the end of each phase, enamel remineralization was assessed in terms of cross-sectional microhardness, and loosely as well as firmly bound fluoride formation was determined on the enamel surface. Fluoridated dentifrices were more effective than the negative control in forming loosely and firmly bound fluoride on enamel (P < 0.05). However, the positive control formed more loosely bound fluoride than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Microhardness analysis showed that the fluoridated dentifrices were more effective than the negative control (P < 0.05) in remineralizing dental enamel, although no statistically significant difference was observed between them. Thus, the experimental dentifrice was shown to be effective in remineralizing dental enamel, and this may be attributable to its ability to form firmly bound fluoride on enamel49214715

Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase VI is Higher in Dental Biofilm of Children with Caries

This study investigated pH, activity and concentration of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) in dental biofilm of caries and caries-free children of 7&#8722;9 years old. Seventy-four children were selected and divided into two groups. The caries diagnosis was performed according to the WHO criteria, including the early caries lesion. After biofilm collection and pH determination, CA VI concentration and activity were determined by ELISA and Zimography respectively. The data were submitted to a Mann-Whitney test and to Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses. Means and standard deviations of dental caries for the caries group were of 3.162 &#177; 1.385. The biofilm pH was significantly higher in the caries-free group. The CA VI activity was significantly higher in biofilm of children with caries. The CA VI concentration was significantly higher in biofilm of caries-free children. In caries-free children, there was a moderate negative correlation between CA VI activity and concentration in dental biofilm as well as between pH and CA VI activity. A negative correlation between biofilm pH and CA VI concentration was found in the caries group. In conclusion, CA VI was shown to be more active in the biofilm of school children with caries in order to contribute to neutralization of biofilm acid