Validation of image processing tools for 3-D fluorescence microscopy

International audience3-D optical fluorescent microscopy becomes nowadays an efficient tool for volumic investigation of living biological samples. Using optical sectioning technique, a stack of 2-D images is obtained. However, due to the nature of the system optical transfer function and non-optimal experimental conditions, acquired raw data usually suffer from some distortions. In order to carry out biological analysis, raw data have to be restored by deconvolution. The system identification by the point-spread function is useful to obtain the knowledge of the actual system and experimental parameters, which is necessary to restore raw data. It is furthermore helpful to precise the experimental protocol. In order to facilitate the use of image processing techniques, a multi-platform-compatible software package called VIEW3D has been developed. It integrates a set of tools for the analysis of fluorescence images from 3-D wide-field or confocal microscopy. A number of regularisation parameters for data restoration are determined automatically. Common geometrical measurements and morphological descriptors of fluorescent sites are also implemented to facilitate the characterisation of biological samples. An example of this method concerning cytogenetics is presented

CARACTERISATION TRI-DIMENSIONNELLE D'UN MICROSCOPE OPTIQUE A EPIFLUORESCENCE (COMPORTEMENT DU SYSTEME ET MODELISATION ASSOCIEE, AMELIORATION D'IMAGES PAR DECONVOLUTION, APPLICATIONS EN CANCEROLOGIE)

NANCY/VANDOEUVRE-INPL (545472102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Práticas econômicas e formas ordinárias de cálculo

Este artigo parte da hipótese da existência de uma pluralidade de cenas sociais em que os indivíduos interagem e as ações individuais adquirem sentido. A cada cena social correspondem racionalidades práticas diferentes. O exame das práticas de mensuração e contabilidade permite distinguir essas cenas e compreender como se articulam entre si. Para mostrar a diversidade de raciocínios nativos, utiliza-se primeiro a diversidade das unidades de medida usadas por horticultores amadores. Em seguida, examinam-se os quadros rituais de diversas transações e mostra-se que o consumidor racional &shy; no sentido da teoria utilitarista &shy; pode não recorrer a nenhum cálculo explícito, pois o ethos ascético encontra-se inscrito nas rotinas corporais. Para concluir, o artigo convida a um estudo sistemático da socialização econômica e propõe três pistas para a pesquisa: a descrição da diversidade de cenas sociais, a análise dos quadros rituais das transações, e o estudo das percepções dos constrangimentos e das práticas de autocontrole nas diversas classes sociais. O artigo sugere que, dessa forma, se poderiam definir domínios de validade para as formalizações matemáticas das condutas humanas elaboradas pelos economistas.<br>This article proceeds from the hypothesis that a plurality of social scenes exist in which individuals interact and individual actions acquire meaning. Each social scene corresponds to different practical rationalities. Examining the practices involved in measuring and counting allows us to distinguish these scenes and comprehend how they are mutually interconnected. As a demonstration of the diversity of native reasoning, the article first turns to the wide variety of units of measurement used by amateur horticulturists. Next, it examines the ritual settings of various transactions and shows that the rational consumer &shy; in the sense expounded by utilitarian theory &shy; need not rely on any explicit calculation, since the ascetic ethos can be found inscribed in body routines. In conclusion, the article calls for a systematic study of economic socialization and outlines three leads for such research: description of the diversity of social scenes, analysis of the ritual settings of transactions, and study of the perceptions of constraints and the practices of self-control among the various social classes. The author suggests such an approach may enable us to define domains of validity for the mathematical formalizations of human behaviours developed by economists