7,333 research outputs found

    Effet de l'orientation d'une grille métallique placée au dessus d'une ligne microruban.

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    4 pagesNational audienceNous présentons ici la modélisation des effets de rubans métalliques perturbateurs placés juste au dessus d'une ligne microruban. Dans un premier temps nous proposons la modélisation de l'effet de l'orientation d'un seul ruban perturbateur sur la propagation de la ligne. Nous validons cette approche à l'aide de simulations électromagnétiques dans les deux cas de figure suivants : rubans flottants ou connectés à la masse. Nous étendons ensuite ce modÚle au cas de grilles comprenant plusieurs rubans. De nouveau, nous confrontons avec succÚs les résultats de simulation circuit avec des simulations électromagnétiques et également avec des mesures sur des circuits de type PCB

    Microstrip line modelling in the presence of interfering metal strips according to their orientation.

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    4 pagesInternational audienceIn the context of PCB technology, this paper deals with the measurement and simulation of propagation from a microstrip line disturbed by a metal ribbon placed just above it. We investigate the influence of the angular orientation of the interfering strip and we highlight the presence of disturbances on transmission S-parameters. Lastly, we propose a model of these ribbon orientation effects, which is validated by the experimental results

    Modélisation d'une ligne microruban en présence de perturbateurs métalliques quelle que soit leur orientation

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    International audienceDans le cadre de la technologie PCB multicouches, nous présentons la modélisation des effets de rubans métalliques perturbateurs placés au dessus d'une ligne microruban. Dans un premier temps, nous illustrons à l'aide de mesures, les conséquences de l'orientation d'un ruban perturbateur sur la propagation de la ligne. Nous présentons également l'influence de la longueur et de la largeur de ces rubans sur la transmission. Nous proposons ensuite une modélisation circuit de ces effets que nous validons par comparaison avec des résultats de mesures. Enfin nous étendons la modélisation au cas d'une ligne microruban en présence de grilles métalliques

    INFLUENCE DE GRILLES METALLIQUES SUR LES LIGNES COUPLEES EN TECHNOLOGIE PCB

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    4 pages françaisInternational audienceNous présentons ici une étude rigoureuse de l'effet de grilles métalliques perpendiculaires sur les caractéristiques de lignes couplées de types microrubans et coplanaires. Une étude électromagnétique permet de montrer les variations des paramÚtres de propagation des modes commun et différentiel pour chaque type de lignes, en présence d'une grille métallique. Nous mettons aussi en évidence le risque d'apparition de zéros de transmission à certaines fréquences, notamment pour le mode commun, et nous effectuons une étude des paramÚtres de grille les plus influents sur ces perturbations

    Interconnexions sans contact pour des communications inter-puces dans un environnement PCB

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    National audienceNous proposons ici, l'Ă©tude de la mise en Ɠuvre d'un rĂ©seau de communications sans fil au sein de cartes PCB. AprĂšs avoir dĂ©fini les caractĂ©ristiques des Ă©lĂ©ments rayonnants, nous Ă©tudions plus particuliĂšrement les antennes dipĂŽle et " Vivaldi " envisagĂ©es pour cette application. Nous prĂ©sentons ensuite des exemples de transmissions dans un environnement PCB en prĂ©sence ou non d'obstacles de types circuits intĂ©grĂ©s ou rubans conducteurs orientĂ©s diffĂ©remment

    Impact by an Orthogonal Metal Grid upon Differential- and Common-Mode Characteristics of Coupled Lines in PCB Technology Structures.

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    4 pagesInternational audienceThis paper deals with a rigorous study of the impact by perpendicular metal grids on the characteristics of microstrip and coplanar coupled transmission lines. An electromagnetic analysis shows the variations of the propagation parameters in common and differential modes for each type of lines, in the presence of a metal grid. As transmission zeroes are liable to occur at certain frequencies, in particular in the common mode, we investigated the part played by the most influential grid parameters on these disturbances

    Functionalization of synthetic talc-like phyllosilicates by alkoxyorganosilane grafting

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    A range of talc-like phyllosilicates were prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis performed at five different temperatures from 160 to 350 °C. The organization of the lattice and the degree of crystallinity of the new materials were evaluated by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, solid-state 29Si NMR, TEM, FEG-SEM and TG-DTA. When synthesized at low temperature the material presents high degree of hydration, low crystallinity and flawed structure. This was attributed to stevensite-talc interstratified product present in the samples. The stevensite/talc ratio and the hydration decrease in the talc-like phyllosilicate samples when the hydrothermal synthesis temperature increases and so the crystallinity becomes higher. A thermal treatment at 500 °C allowed a significant flaw reduction in talc-like phyllosilicate structure; the synthesized sample at 350 °C and heat treated presents a structure close to that of talc. The different talc-like phyllosilicates were grafted covalently by two organoalkoxysilane reagents, N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole (IM2H) and 2-hydroxy-4-(3-triethoxysilylpropoxy)-diphenylketone (HTDK). The grafted amounts of the hybrids, determined by elemental analysis and confirmed by thermogravimetric data, are dependent on the hydrothermal synthesis temperature and organoalkoxysilanes; they become smaller when the synthesis temperature increases and when HTDK is used. FTIR and solid-state 13C CP MAS NMR were applied to characterize the grafted organic groups. So, in this work it is shown that by choosing the hydrothermal synthesis temperature or by performing an additional annealing it is possible to adjust the amount of defects in the structure of talc-like phyllosilicates which seems to be strongly correlated to the grafting performance

    Chronic aortic regurgitation in rats

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    Objectives: Aortic regurgitation (AR) induces left ventricular (LV) eccentric hypertrophy in response to chronic volume overload. Patients suffering from this disease often remain asymptomatic for decades before progressive LV dysfunction develops silently. Because of this slow evolution, large clinical trials with long-term follow-up on subjects with chronic AR are hard to perform. To overcome this problem, animal models have been developed in the past but results were very heterogeneous. Methods: Helped by echocardiography, we refined a known technique to induce homogenous degrees of severe AR in Wistar-Kyoto rats. The effects on LV function without treatment and with nifedipine (25 mg/kg daily) (a drug currently recommended in humans with chronic AR) were evaluated by echocardiography. Results: Over 6 months, nontreated animals developed progressive LV dilatation and eccentric hypertrophy, characteristic of chronic LV volume overload. The animals also developed progressive LV systolic dysfunction, mimicking closely the evolution of the disease in humans. Abnormal filling parameters were also detected in the majority of animals. Systolic and diastolic abnormalities were prevented but only partially in the group treated with nifedipine. Conclusion: This model can be used to study chronic AR and LV dysfunction associated with the disease. Nifedipine seems to protect the LV against chronic volume overload but only partially. Treatment strategies currently used in humans deserve further investigation
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