68 research outputs found

    Dynamics of C-phycocyanin in various deuterated trehalose/water environments measured by quasielastic and elastic neutron scattering

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    The molecular understanding of protein stabilization by the disaccharide trehalose in extreme temperature or hydration conditions is still debated. In the present study, we investigated the role of trehalose on the dynamics of the protein C-phycocyanin (C-PC) by neutron scattering. To single out the motions of C-PC hydrogen (H) atoms in various trehalose/water environments, measurements were performed in deuterated trehalose and heavy water (D2O). We report that trehalose decreases the internal C-PC dynamics, as shown by a reduced diffusion coefficient of protein H atoms. By fitting the Elastic Incoherent Structure Factor—which gives access to the “geometry” of the internal proton motions—with the model of diffusion inside a sphere, we found that the presence of trehalose induces a significantly higher proportion of immobile C-PC hydrogens. We investigated, by elastic neutron scattering, the mean square displacements (MSDs) of deuterated trehalose/D2O-embedded C-PC as a function of temperature in the range of 40–318 K. Between 40 and ∼225 K, harmonic MSDs of C-PC are slightly smaller in samples containing trehalose. Above a transition temperature of ∼225 K, we observed anharmonic motions in all trehalose/water-coated C-PC samples. In the hydrated samples, MSDs are not significantly changed by addition of 15% trehalose but are slightly reduced by 30% trehalose. In opposition, no dynamical transition was detected in dry trehalose-embedded C-PC, whose hydrogen motions remain harmonic up to 318 K. These results suggest that a role of trehalose would be to stabilize proteins by inhibiting some fluctuations at the origin of protein unfolding and denaturation

    Competing coexisting phases in 2D water

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    International audienceThe properties of bulk water come from a delicate balance of interactions on length scales encompassing several orders of magnitudes: i) the Hydrogen Bond (HBond) at the molecular scale and ii) the extension of this HBond network up to the macroscopic level. Here, we address the physics of water when the three dimensional extension of the HBond network is frustrated, so that the water molecules are forced to organize in only two dimensions. We account for the large scale fluctuating HBond network by an analytical mean-field percolation model. This approach provides a coherent interpretation of the different events experimentally (calorimetry, neutron, NMR, near and far infra-red spectroscopies) detected in interfacial water at 160, 220 and 250 K. Starting from an amorphous state of water at low temperature, these transitions are respectively interpreted as the onset of creation of transient low density patches of 4-HBonded molecules at 160 K, the percolation of these domains at 220 K and finally the total invasion of the surface by them at 250 K. The source of this surprising behaviour in 2D is the frustration of the natural bulk tetrahedral local geometry and the underlying very significant increase in entropy of the interfacial water molecules

    Etude de l'influence de la température et de la pression sur la structure et la dynamique de l'inhibiteur de la trypsine pancréatique bovine (une étude par diffusion de neutrons)

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    Ce travail de thèse porte sur une protéine de la catalyse enzymatique : l inhibiteur de la trypsine pancréatique bovine ou BPTI qui est un système modèle très étudié par différentes techniques mais peu par diffusion de neutrons. Il s agit d une petite protéine (58 résidus d acides aminés, poids moléculaire de 6500 Da) qui possède une très grande stabilité puisqu elle ne peut être dénaturée à des température inférieures à 95C ou à des pressions inférieures à 14 kbar. Cette stabilité est due à la présence de trois ponts disulfures et de trois ponts salins. Nous avons étudié la structure et la dynamique de l état natif et des états dénaturés par la température et par la pression du BPTI par la technique de diffusion de neutrons. La diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles nous a permis d observer une réduction du rayon de giration de la protéine en solution à 95C et à 6000 bar. De plus, la forme du BPTI est modifiée depuis une forme ellipsoïdale dans l état natif, vers une forme globulaire à 3000 bar et micellaire lorsque la pression atteint 5000 et 6000 bar. Des expériences complémentaires par spectroscopie infrarouge et UV-visible, en température et en pression, ont permis de confirmer ces résultats. La diffusion quasiélastique de neutrons a permis d observer un effet antagoniste de la température et de la pression sur les mouvements globaux et sur la dynamique interne du BPTI en solution. L augmentation de la température a pour effet d induire des mouvements globaux et internes plus rapides tandis que l augmentation de la pression induit un ralentissement de ces mouvements.The subject of this PhD thesis concerns a protein belonging to the enzymatic catalysis : the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor or BPTI which is a model system much studied by several techniques but less by neutron scattering. It is a small protein ( 58 amino acid residues, a molecular weight of 6500 Da) which has a very high stability since it cannot be denatured at temperature below 95C or at pressure below 14 kbar. This stability is due to the presence of three disulphide bridges and three salt bridges. We have studied the structure and the dynamics of native state and thermal and pressure denatured states of BPTI by neutron scattering technique. The small angle neutron scattering allowed us to observe a reduction of the radius of gyration of the protein in solution at 95C and under 6000 bar. Indeed, the shape of BPTI is modified from an ellipsoidal one to a spherical one at 3000 bar, while it is well represented by a micelle when applied pressure values reach 5000 and 6000 bar. Further experiments by infrared spectroscopy and by UV-visible spectroscopy as a function of temperature and pressure allowed us to confirm our results. Quasielastic neutron scattering allowed us to observe an opposite effect of temperature and pressure on global motions and internal dynamics of BPTI in solution. Increasing temperature induces a faster dynamics of these global and internal motions whereas increasing pressure induces a slowing down of these motions.ORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Influence du tréhalose sur la dynamique de la C-phycocyanine (une étude par diffusion quasiélastique de neutrons)

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    PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Etude par diffusion de neutrons des propriétés dynamiques de l'hélium liquide confiné dans des milieux poreux

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    L'étude de l'hélium liquide confiné dans des matériaux poreux devrait permettre de mieux comprendre le lien entre superfluidité et condensation de Bose-Einstein, qui, à l'heure actuelle, manque d'une description théorique satisfaisante. La réalisation des expériences sur des échantillons d'hélium confiné est plutôt difficile. En particulier, la préparation des échantillons doit être très soignée. Les caractéristiques des matériaux poreux doivent être connues au mieux et le remplissage de ces matériaux doit être contrôlé. Pour cela, on a introduit une étape expérimentale supplémentaire par rapport aux études conduites jusqu'à présent: chaque matériau susceptible d'être utilisé pour le confinement a été étudié avec la technique des isothermes d'adsorption d'hélium. De cette manière on peut connaître avec précision la quantité d'hélium nécessaire au remplissage des échantillons poreux, et on obtient aussi des informations sur les phénomènes macroscopiques intervenant pendant le remplissage...The study of liquid helium confined into porous materials should allow for a better understanding of the relation between superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation, lacking, at present, of a satisfactory theoretical description.Experiments on confined liquid helium are quite difficult and samples should be prepared very carefully. One should know at best the confining material characteristics and should control the actual filling status of the porous sample. To achieve this condition, we added an experimental stage to the procedure commonly used in the studies conducted insofar. We conducted helium adsortion isotherms on each porous sample supposed to be used as a confining sample. In this way we were able to know, with a high degree of precision, the amount of helium necessary to fill the porous sample. We also get information on macroscopic phenomena occurring during the filling procedure. Some experimental tricks have been used in order to avoid condensation of liquid helium into the injection pipe...ORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF
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