89 research outputs found

    Auneau – L’Hermitage

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    La construction d’une dĂ©viation autour de la ville d’Auneau en Eure-et-Loir a conduit Ă  fouiller les vestiges palĂ©olithiques et mĂ©solithiques conservĂ©s au lieu-dit l’Hermitage, au bas d’un versant descendant vers la riviĂšre Aunay. C’est au cours de la fouille historique, dirigĂ©e par SĂ©verine Gauduchon, archĂ©ologue au Conseil gĂ©nĂ©ral d’Eure-et-Loir, que les vestiges palĂ©olithiques ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s et que l’extension et la nature des vestiges mĂ©solithiques ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©cisĂ©s. Les fouilles ont Ă©..

    Saint-Pierre-de-MaillĂ© – Les CottĂ©s

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    Identifiant de l'opĂ©ration archĂ©ologique : 204537 Date de l'opĂ©ration : 2006 - 2008 (FP) Le gisement des CottĂ©s est situĂ© dans la Vienne, au contact entre le Bassin parisien et le Bassin aquitain. C’est l’un des rares gisements en Europe de l’Ouest qui conserve une sĂ©quence continue de la fin du PalĂ©olithique moyen jusqu’au dĂ©but du PalĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur (MoustĂ©rien, ChĂątelperronien et phases anciennes de l’Aurignacien). Il s’agit du gisement Ă©ponyme du ChĂątelperronien Ă©voluĂ©, tel qu’établi..

    Le Moustérien de tradition acheuléenne du Sud-Ouest de la France - Discussion sur la signification du faciÚs à partir de l'étude comparée de quatre sites : Pech-de-l?Azé I, Le Moustier, La Rochette et la Grotte XVIL

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    Ce manuscrit prĂ©sente une base de donnĂ©es technologiques, Ă©conomiques et morpho-fonctionnelles pour quatre gisements moustĂ©riens de tradition acheulĂ©enne (MTA) du sud-ouest de la France. Ces gisements, dont les deux gisements Ă©ponymes, ont livrĂ© des niveaux MTA de type A et MTA de type B datĂ©s du stade isotopique quatre ou de la premiĂšre partie du stade isotopique trois par des mĂ©thodes de datations radiomĂ©triques. L’analyse des piĂšces bifaciales montre leur caractĂšre polyfonctionnel, leur raffĂ»tage et leur utilisation comme outils et comme pourvoyeurs d’éclats dans des localitĂ©s Ă©loignĂ©es de celle de leur production. Une nouvelle mĂ©thode de dĂ©bitage, caractĂ©ristique par son organisation volumĂ©trique semi-tournante et par la morphologie de ses produits allongĂ©s et Ă  dos, a Ă©tĂ© reconnue dans ces ensembles. La comparaison des techniques et des mĂ©thodes utilisĂ©es dans ces gisements et dans d’autres gisements du sud-ouest de la France permet de mettre en Ă©vidence l’unitĂ© des savoir-faire et des connaissances techniques partagĂ©s par les artisans des ces industries MTA. En revanche, l’organisation de l’activitĂ© de taille dans le territoire est variable. Les industries MTA A tĂ©moignent d’une fragmentation du processus opĂ©ratoire dans le territoire, et cela mĂȘme dans des contextes oĂč la matiĂšre premiĂšre est abondamment disponible. L’ensemble des opĂ©rations de taille est au contraire toujours effectuĂ© dans une unitĂ© de temps et de lieu pour les industries MTA B. La comparaison des industries MTA avec le Micoquien d’Europe centrale permet d’établir l’originalitĂ© de ce faciĂšs, du point de vue de la mĂ©thode de production et de retouche des piĂšces bifaciales. Deux unitĂ©s culturelles voisines pourraient ainsi ĂȘtre distinguĂ©es par leurs mĂ©thodes de production bifaciale dans le premiĂšre partie du stade isotopique trois, l’une centrĂ©e sur le sud-ouest de la France, l’autre sur l’Europe centrale. Les changements comportementaux du MTA A par rapport au MTA B pourraient ĂȘtre interprĂ©tĂ©s comme un changement dans l’organisation de la mobilitĂ© des groupes, celle-ci devenant plus rĂ©sidentielle aprĂšs avoir Ă©tĂ© plus logistique. En outre, la combinaison des spĂ©cificitĂ©s techniques et techno-fonctionnelles d’un des dĂ©bitages MTA – le dĂ©bitage d’éclats allongĂ©s - est partagĂ©e par le MTA et le ChĂątelperronien alors qu’elle est inconnue dans les autres industries du PalĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur. La thĂšse selon laquelle le ChĂątelperronien trouve ses racines dans le MTA est renforcĂ©e et la capacitĂ© des MoustĂ©riens Ă  dĂ©velopper des technologies de type PalĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur indĂ©pendamment du contact avec les premiers aurignaciens est confirmĂ©e. Enfin, la forte prĂ©dĂ©termination et planification de certains processus de taille MTA diminue le contraste parfois Ă©tabli de ce point de vue entre les industries du PalĂ©olithique moyen et du PalĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur.This manuscript presents a set of technological, economical and morphofunctional data for four Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition (MTA) sites from southwest of France. Those sites, two of them being ones which originally defined this facies, are dated to the end of OIS 4 or to the first part of OIS 3 using radiometric dating methods. Analysis of the bifacial pieces show their multi-functionality, their history of resharpening and their use as both tools and cores on sites away from their production location. A new method of producing flakes, characterized by its volumetric organisation and its elongated end products - which are frequently backed - was recognized. Comparison of the techniques and methods used within these MTA sites and others of southwest France shows a unity of technical know-how and knowledge shared by knappers of those industries. However, the organisation of knapping activity within the territory is variable. MTA type A industries show a fragmentation of the operational process within the territory, even when raw material is abundant, while for MTA type B industries the process is done within a time and location unity. Comparison of MTA industries with the central Europe Micoquian demonstrates the originality of the MTA facies from the perspective of how the bifacial pieces were produced and retouched. Thus, two distinct neighbouring cultural unit may be distinguished within the first part of IOS 3: one centred in southwest France, the other in central Europe. Behavioural changes from MTA A to MTA B may be interpreted as changes in mobility patterns, from a more logistical pattern to one that is more residential. The combination of technical and techno-functional characteristics of one of the MTA methods of producing flakes – the production of elongated flakes – is shared with the Chatelperronian, whereas this combination is unknown within Upper Paleolithic industries. This reinforces the idea that the Chatelperronian is derived from MTA. This also confirms the capacity of the Mousterian to develop Upper Paleolithic lithic technologies independent of contact with the first Aurigancian. Finally, the high predetermination and planning of some of the MTA knapping processes diminish the sharp contrast usually seen from the lithic point of view between Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic industries

    Organisation saisonniĂšre des comportements de prĂ©dation des MoustĂ©riens de Pech-de-l’AzĂ© I. Premiers rĂ©sultats

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    Les saisons sont une des causes principales de variation des ressources annuelles des chasseurs-cueilleurs. NĂ©anmoins, peu de donnĂ©es sur les variations saisonniĂšres des comportements de prĂ©dation sont disponibles pour des gisements moustĂ©riens, en particulier pour des sites qui ne sont pas des sites d’abattage. Ce travail prĂ©sente les premiers rĂ©sultats obtenus pour dĂ©terminer si l’ensemble faunique du niveau 4 de Pech-de-l’AzĂ© I (Dordogne, Carsac), qui livre une industrie attribuĂ©e au MoustĂ©rien de tradition acheulĂ©enne, tĂ©moigne d’une organisation saisonniĂšre des comportements de prĂ©dation. Nous dĂ©veloppons particuliĂšrement ici les modalitĂ©s d’échantillonnage que nous avons adoptĂ©es pour des analyses cĂ©mento-chronologiques ainsi que les voies d’interprĂ©tation possibles des rĂ©sultats obtenus pour les deux taxons qui dominent l’ensemble faunique, le Cerf et le Bison.Seasonality is one of the main causes of variation in available resources for hunters-gatherers, but seasonal changes in predatory behaviors during the Mousterian are still not clear, especially in non-kill sites.This paper presents initial results from the faunal assemblage from Pech-de-l’AzĂ© I, level 4. In it we focus in sampling strategies within the frame of cementochronology analyses, which is our primary methodology, as well as possible interpretations of the two principal taxa in the faunal assemblage, namely deer and bison. This evidence suggests a seasonal organization of predatory behavior in which each taxon was killed preferably during one specific season

    A Comparison of ChĂątelperronian and Protoaurignacian Core Technology Using Data Derived from 3D Models

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    This study uses data extracted from 3D models to compare blade cores from the Chùtelperronian and Protoaurignacian stone tool industries. These technocomplexes are at the center of the debate surrounding the interactions between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans approximately 45 to 40,000 years ago. We created 3D models of lithic cores from the sites of Roc de Combe and Les Cottés using a standardized photogrammetry protocol. We then used data derived from these 3D models to make quantitative comparisons of artifact attributes that have previously been argued to distinguish the two stone tool industries in question. These attributes include the angle between the platform and flaking surfaces, the shape of core cross sections, and the angle between core axes. The conception of this study was not to privilege the use of new technological and statistical approaches over more traditional or qualitative forms of lithic analysis. Rather, our aim was to experiment with using digital tool to develop nuanced, reproducible ways to describe variability in lithic artifacts. Our results support the hypothesis that there is a difference in the angle between core surfaces between these two industries. Our analysis also indicates a difference in the angle between core axes, although we are more cautious in interpreting these results. An elliptical Fourier analysis of core cross section shape was inconclusive. We discuss what archaeological and methodological factors may have contributed to our results, and the roles of both qualitative and quantitative observations in archaeological research. 3D artifact models generated for this study are included as supplemental data and are available for use by other researchers

    Approche taphonomique en CĂ©mentochronologie : rĂ©examen du niveau 4 du Pech-de-l’AzĂ© I (Carsac, Dordogne, France)

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    Alors que la cĂ©mentochronologie est une mĂ©thode de plus en plus utilisĂ©e pour reconstituer la saisonnalitĂ© de prĂ©dation des animaux prĂ©sents en contexte archĂ©ologique, peu d’études incluent la recherche systĂ©matique des modifications taphonomiques qui peuvent affecter le cĂ©ment. Ce travail propose une prĂ©sentation des phĂ©nomĂšnes de remobilisations diagĂ©nĂ©tiques de l’enregistrement saisonnier. À travers la reprise de l’analyse du niveau 4 du gisement du Pech-de-l’AzĂ© I, nous proposons une illustration de leurs consĂ©quences sur les Ă©tudes cĂ©mentochronologiques

    Human and cervid osseous materials used for barbed point manufacture in Mesolithic Doggerland

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    Barbed bone points originally deposited in Doggerland are regularly collected from the shores of the Netherlands. Their typology and direct 14C dating suggest they are of Mesolithic age. However, the species of which the barbed points were made cannot be identified based on morphological criteria. The bones used to produce the barbed points have been intensively modified during manufacture, use, and post-depositional processes. Here, we taxonomically assess ten barbed points found on the Dutch shore using mass spectrometry and collagen peptide mass fingerprinting alongside newly acquired 14C ages and ή13C and ή15N measurements. Our results demonstrate a sufficient preservation of unmodified collagen for mass spectrometry-based taxonomic identifications of bone and antler artefacts which have been preserved in marine environments since the beginning of the Holocene. We show that Homo sapiens bones as well as Cervus elaphus bones and antlers were transformed into barbed points. The 14C dating of nine barbed points yielded uncalibrated ages between 9.5 and 7.3 ka 14C BP. The ή13C and ή15N values of the seven cervid bone points fall within the range of herbivores, recovered from the North Sea, whereas the two human bone points indicate a freshwater and/or terrestrial fauna diet. The wide-scale application of ZooMS is a critical next step towards revealing the selection of species for osseous-tool manufacture in the context of Mesolithic Doggerland, but also further afield. The selection of Cervus elaphus and human bone for manufacturing barbed points in Mesolithic Doggerland is unlikely to have been opportunistic and instead seems to be strategic in nature. Further, the occurrence of Homo sapiens and Cervus elaphus bones in our random and limited dataset suggests that the selection of these species for barbed point production was non-random and subject to specific criteria. By highlighting the transformation of human bones into barbed points – possibly used as weapons – our study provides additional evidence for the complex manipulation of human remains during the Mesolithic, now also evidenced in Doggerland

    Multi-isotope analysis of bone collagen of Late Pleistocene ungulates reveals niche partitioning and behavioural plasticity of reindeer during MIS 3

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    Acknowledgements This research was funded by a Leverhulme Research Project Grant (ref: RPG-2017-410 to K.B.), and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. A Philip Leverhulme Prize (ref: PLP-2019-284 to K.B.) provided support to K.B. during the production of this manuscript, and M.S. is funded by the NWO Dutch Research council (VICI award VI.C.191.07). We thank C.-H. Bachelier and Jaques Bachelier for facilitating and supporting research at Les Cottés, and the French Ministry of Culture for allowing and funding research at Les Cottés. Thanks to Sven Steinbrenner and Annabell Reiner (MPI-EVA), and Orsolya Czére (Aberdeen) for laboratory assistance, and to Jovita Fawcett and Eléa Gutierrez (Aberdeen) for proof reading and assistance with images.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Humans as a resource:ZooMS analysis on points from Mesolithic Doggerland

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    Several bone and antler points from Mesolithic Doggerland have been dated and analysed to determine the animal species from which they were made. The points were found on beaches of South-Holland, but their primary depositional site lies in front of the coast in the North Sea. 14C-dates have given an estimated age of 11.000 to 8.000 years old. The decisions made for the production of the points can inform us about the human makers. ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) was used on ten points in order to identify the taxon from which they were made. We’ve obtained fascinating and unexpected results. There seems to be a preference for the use of red deer, but two examples for the usage of human bone were found as well. This is a surprising discovery as human remains are not commonly used to make tools. Moreover, human bones are not the most suitable material to produce a point. Therefore, the use of human bone to manufacture bone points seems to be more related to symbolism and culture. Future research will provide more clarity in the coming years
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