Management de la qualité dans la filière ananas en Martinique

National audienceThe pineapple industry in Martinique is implementing a significant reorganization, as already achieved in other food sectors, to comply with new requirements for food security and environmental protection: quality management at all levels of the industry and introduction of new pineapple varieties. Based on the analysis of the current practices, needs for changes and tools for the implementation of a new production system are proposed by the authors. A typology of the farms is proposed after an analysis of the practices and the strategies of the farmers. A steering committee, including most stakeholder representatives, builds a system of quality management based on the Agriconfiance® norms. New pineapple varieties are evaluated both for processing and the fresh market. Results and discussion. Gaps between recommendations and actual practices are very variable but generally large: there are too many inputs, either pesticides or fertilizers or both. The system of management is based on a contract between the association and the producer. The rules are described in two codes of practice, one for fruit production in the fields, the other for fruit processing. A traceability system has been implemented, allowing records and forecasts at plot level. New pineapple varieties have also been tested in the processing plant of the association, with better results than the old variety Smooth Cayenne. The reorganization of the pineapple industry in Martinique results from economical considerations. Its implementation required the development of a global system for the quality management and a traceability system at plot level to ensure food security. Reducing the variability of agricultural practices and getting closer to the recommendations will increase the quality of the production. To do so, a guide book for good practices will be elaborated. The new pineapple varieties allowing better yield after processing and quality of product, fresh or processed, will also be determinant for a successful reorganization of the industry.À l'instar d'autres secteurs de produits destinés à l'alimentation humaine, une restructuration profonde de la filière ananas martiniquaise s'accomplit pour répondre à de nouvelles exigences de sécurité alimentaire et de protection de l'environnement : management de la qualité sur l'ensemble de la filière et exploitation de nouvelles variétés d'ananas. À partir de l'analyse des pratiques actuelles, les auteurs ont évalué les besoins de changements, puis proposé quelques outils pour la mise en oeuvre d'un système de production. Des enquêtes ont permis de connaître les pratiques et stratégies actuelles des producteurs d'ananas et d'établir une typologie des exploitations. Un comité de pilotage associant des représentants de l'ensemble de la filière élabore le système de management de la qualité en se basant sur la norme Agriconfiance®. De nouvelles variétés sont en cours d'évaluation pour couvrir au mieux les besoins en ananas de qualité pour la transformation ou pour la vente en frais. Résultats et discussion. Les écarts constatés entre recommandations et pratiques culturales sont apparus très variables mais souvent importants : trop d'intrants en général, soit les pesticides, soit les engrais, soit les deux. Le système de management appliqué repose sur un contrat entre une coopérative et les producteurs. Les règles de qualité sont fixées dans deux cahiers des charges, l'un concernant la qualité de la production au champ, l'autre, la qualité du fruit pour l'usine. Un système de traçabilité à l'échelle de la parcelle a été élaboré. Il permet la prévision et l'enregistrement de toute activité liée à la production, avec la parcelle comme unité de base. Enfin, de nouvelles variétés hybrides sélectionnées par le Cirad ont pu être testées dans le nouveau processus de transformation de la coopérative, donnant de meilleurs résultats que l'ancienne variété Cayenne lisse. La restructuration de la filière ananas en Martinique résulte avant tout de considérations économiques. Cette démarche a conduit au développement d'un programme global d'assurance qualité, avec instauration d'un système de traçabilité parcellaire, destiné à garantir la sécurité alimentaire. Une homogénéisation des pratiques culturales est nécessaire, en se rapprochant des recommandations pour améliorer la qualité. Elles pourraient être rassemblées dans un guide de culture spécifique. L'adoption de nouvelles variétés d'ananas permettant d'obtenir de meilleurs rendements de transformation ainsi qu'une qualité accrue du produit frais ou transformé sera aussi un élément déterminant du succès de la démarche

Bioprotection of pineapple in ecological cropping systems

International audienc

Proceedings of 29th international horticultural congress on horticulture : sustaining lives, livelihoods and landscapes (IHC2014) : 4th international symposium on papaya, 8th international pineapple symposium, and international symposium on mango

Monoculture and intensive use of pesticides have reduced the biodiversity of agrosystems and increased the imbalance between pathogenic and beneficial organisms. In the past, pineapple pests were generally controlled by pesticides, but today very few pesticides are authorized. In fragile environments like in the French Antilles, there is a growing public demand for the prevention of environmental risk. Agricultural research is responding by designing new cropping systems based on the ecological intensification of farming practices and alternative ways of managing pests. In Martinique, our strategy is based on agrosystems with increased biodiversity, restored ecosystem functions, enhanced bioregulation and beneficial interactions between plants and microorganisms, including natural defenses (systemic resistance). The aim of our current work is to answer two needs and to confirm several hypotheses: 1) reduce pathogenic inoculum by using non-host rotation plants selected for their functional traits (non-host status, biomass production, balanced rhizosphere microflora); 2) select crop cultivars that are able to develop systemic resistance and to adapt their metabolism to environmental changes: we hypothesize a relationship between plant adaptability to biotic (defense genes) and abiotic stresses (genes for cysteine-proteases and their inhibitors, phytocystatins); 3) The reliability of systemic resistance at field level depends ona plant's ability to tolerate pathogens despite abiotic stresses, since such stresses may interfere; 4) Pineapple root system naturally bear diazotrophic bacteria (endophytic) that are potential inducers of systemic resistance. Finally, we aim to design cropping systems that reduce soil borne pests before the pineapple crop is planted, and to create an environment that subsequently both enables bioregulation and reduces re-infestation of pineapple by the parasite

Bioprotection of pineapple in ecological cropping systems

Monoculture and intensive use of pesticides have reduced the biodiversity of agrosystems and increased the imbalance between pathogenic and beneficial organisms. In the past, pineapple pests were generally controlled by pesticides, but today very few pesticides are authorized. In fragile environments like in the French Antilles, there is a growing public demand for the prevention of environmental risk. Agricultural research is responding by designing new cropping systems based on the ecological intensification of farming practices and alternative ways of managing pests. In Martinique, our strategy is based on agrosystems with increased biodiversity, restored ecosystem functions, enhanced bioregulation and beneficial interactions between plants and microorganisms, including natural defenses (systemic resistance). The aim of our current work is to answer two needs and to confirm several hypotheses:!) reduce pathogenic inoculum by using non-host rotation plants selected for their functional traits (non-host status, biomass production, balanced rhizosphere microflora); 2) select crop cultivars that are able to develop systemic resistance and to adapt their metabolism to environmental changes: we hypothesize a relationship between plant adaptability to biotic (defense genes) and abiotic stresses (genes for cysteine-proteases and their inhibitors, phytocystatins); 3) The reliability of systemic resistance at field level depends ona plant's ability to tolerate pathogens despite abiotic stresses, since such stresses may interfere; 4) Pineapple root system naturally bear diazotrophic bacteria ( endophytic) that are potential inducers of systemic resistance. Finally, we aim to design cropping systems that reduce soil borne pests before the pineapple crop is planted, and to create an environment that subsequently both enables bioregulation and reduces re-infestation of pineapple by the parasite