Survey of Phytochemical Diversity of Secondary Metabolism in Selected Wild Medicinal Plants

A phytochemical screening of alkaloids, triterpenes saponins and tannin was carried out the selected medicinal plant parts of leaf, barks, rhizome and fruit samples from 63 plant species representing 26 genera and 25 families. The positive results of phytochemical diversity of bioactive constituents were alkaloids (58.73%), terpenoids (92.06%), flavonoids (90.48%), saponins (50.79) and tannins (31.74%) present in total of sixty three plant species

Inter- Generic Relationship of Ocimum and Origanum Based on GC-MS Volatile Oils Data using Software NTSPSpc Version 2.0

To study of inter- generic relationships of Origanum vulgare L, Origanum applii (Domin) Borus, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum L essential oils peaks based on GC-MS methods. The result of the essential oils of Origanum vulgare L, Origanum applii (Domin) Borus, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum were constructed the phenogram formed in one cluster and two sub cluster. The inter- generic relationship of 26% formed in main clusters both genus of Origanum sp and Ocimum sp. The sub cluster I, Ocimum gratissimum L. and O. basilicum was very close relationship of 40% and 34% of sub cluster II Origanum vulgare L, and O. applii respectively

A Review on the Potential Uses of Ferns

Man has been using plants as a source of food, medicines and many other necessities of life since ancient times. Even to this day the primitive tribal societies that exist depend on the plant life in their surroundings. Though there were investigations of the edible economic values of the higher plants, especially the pteridophytes and angiosperms have been unfortunately ignored. The pteridophytes are used in Homoeopathic, Ayurvedic, Tribal and Unani medicines and provides food, insecticides and ornamentations

Preliminary Phytochemical and Anti-Bacterial Studies on \u3cem\u3ePassiflora edulis\u3c/em\u3e

Preliminary phytochemical and antibacterial activity of the leaf and callus of Passiflora edulis Sims, were examined using extracts of benzene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, chloroform and petroleum ether. Of these, chloroform extract of the leaf and callus showed the maximum solubility and antimicrobial activity with the MIC ranging from 100 to 250 µl. Extracts of benzene, petroleum ether and isopropanol were ineffective in inhibiting the selected bacteria. In addition, this phytochemical study confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and triterpenes from ethanol and chloroform extracted sources

Phytochemical Survey of Orchids in the Tirunelveli Hills of South India

Phytochemical investigations of the orchid family were performed for alkaloid constituents, identification and inheritance of flower pigments in the species of ornamental value. Apart from the presence of chlorophyll in green flowered forms and carotenoids in some yellow flowers, anthocyanidins are predominated. The cyaniding, pelargonidin and petunidin, and complex mixture of their glycosides and acylated derivatives are often present in a single flower. In the present investigation of the preliminary phytochemical study of leaf flavanoids contents of Orchidiaceae family members in the Tirunelveli hills of South India were analyzed and surveyed

Antibacterial activity of some selected medicinal plants of Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Screening of the ethnobotenical plants is a pre-requisite to evaluate their therapeutic potential and it can lead to the isolation of new bioactive compounds.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The crude extracts and fractions of six medicinal important plants (<it>Arisaema flavum</it>, <it>Debregeasia salicifolia</it>, <it>Carissa opaca</it>, <it>Pistacia integerrima</it>, <it>Aesculus indica</it>, and <it>Toona ciliata</it>) were tested against three Gram positive and two Gram negative ATCC bacterial species using the agar well diffusion method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The crude extract of <it>P. integerrima </it>and <it>A. indica </it>were active against all tested bacterial strains (12-23 mm zone of inhibition). Other four plant's crude extracts (<it>Arisaema flavum</it>, <it>Debregeasia salicifolia</it>, <it>Carissa opaca</it>, and <it>Toona ciliata</it>) were active against different bacterial strains. The crude extracts showed varying level of bactericidal activity. The aqueous fractions of <it>A. indica </it>and <it>P. integerrima </it>crude extract showed maximum activity (19.66 and 16 mm, respectively) against <it>B. subtilis</it>, while the chloroform fractions of <it>T. ciliata </it>and <it>D. salicifolia </it>presented good antibacterial activities (13-17 mm zone of inhibition) against all the bacterial cultures tested.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The methanol fraction of <it>Pistacia integerrima</it>, chloroform fractions of <it>Debregeasia salicifolia </it>&<it>Toona ciliata </it>and aqueous fraction of <it>Aesculus indica </it>are suitable candidates for the development of novel antibacterial compounds.</p

Blechnum Orientale Linn - a fern with potential as antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agent

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Blechnum orientale </it>Linn. (<it>Blechnaceae</it>) is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various skin diseases, stomach pain, urinary bladder complaints and sterilization of women. The aim of the study was to evaluate antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activity of five solvent fractions obtained from the methanol extract of the leaves of <it>Blechnum orientale </it>Linn.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Five solvent fractions were obtained from the methanol extract of <it>B. orientale</it> through successive partitioning with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Total phenolic content was assessed using Folin-Ciocalteu's method. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the scavenging activity of DPPH radicals. Cytotoxic activity was tested against four cancer cell lines and a non-malignant cell using MTT assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Standard phytochemical screening tests for saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids were also conducted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions possessed strong radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀8.6-13.0 μg/ml) and cytotoxic activity towards human colon cancer cell HT-29 (IC₅₀27.5-42.8 μg/ml). The three extracts were also effective against all Gram-positive bacteria tested: <it>Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus</it>, methicillin-susceptible <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>(MSSA), methicillin-resistant <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>(MRSA) and <it>Stapylococcus epidermidis</it>(minimum inhibitory concentration MIC 15.6-250 μg/ml; minimum bactericidal concentration MBC 15.6-250 μg/ml). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed highest total phenolic content (675-804 mg gallic acid equivalent/g).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results indicate that this fern is a potential candidate to be used as an antioxidant agent, for colon cancer therapy and for treatment of MRSA infections and other MSSA/Gram-positive bacterial infectious diseases.</p

Antibacterial activity of essential oils of Aromatic plants from South India

The objective of this paper was a screening of the antibacterial potential of essential oils of Syzygium neesianum Arn (leaves), Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. (Leaves), Glycosmis tirunelveliensis (Leaves), and Boesenbergia tiliafolia (rhizome), were investigated by agar disc diffusion method. The result show that the antibacterial activity of the volatile oil was tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli using agar disc diffusion method with the inhibition zones from 16-34mm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the antibacterial activity of Syzygium neesianum Arn (leaves), Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. (Leaves), Glycosmis tirunelveliensis (Leaves), and Boesenbergia tiliafolia (rhizome) against human bacterial pathogen.Keywords: Agastiyamalai Biosphere reserve, Aromatic plants, Essential oils, Antibacterial activit