Efeito do exercício físico contínuo e intervalado no peso e perfil bioquímico de ratas Wistar prenhes e consequências no peso da prole

Exercise training is known for its benefits to the body and mind. However, little is known about the effects of endurance training intensity on pregnancy. We tested the effects of continuous and intermittent exercises (maternal swimming) on the biochemical profile of pregnant Wistar rats and the effects of these exercises on the fetal body weight. The pregnant females (n=60) were divided in control group (GC), continuous exercise group (GCON) and intermittent exercise group (GIN). GC group rats did not practice exercises. GON group rats practiced continuous swimming for 45 minutes a day (five days a week) carrying a bag with 5% of its body weight. GIN group rats practiced intermittent swimming (15 seconds of swimming and 15 seconds stopped) for 45 minutes a day (five days a week) carrying a bag with 15% of its body weight. These exercises were made from the day one until 20(0) day of pregnancy. At the end of this period, we analyzed the mother's glycemia, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides. We also analyzed fetal body weight. No significant modifications on glycemia and plasma lipids (except for LDL-C) were observed in the tree groups. We observed reduction on the fetal body weight in the pups that had their mothers practicing exercises: fetal body weight in GC > GIN > GON (4,153 +/- 0,649; 3,682 +/- 0,070 and 3,453 +/- 0,052 respectively). These results showed that the continuous and intermittent exercise only performed in pregnancy period decreases fetus body weight.Univ Marilia, Fac Med & Enfermagem, Marilia, SP, BrazilUniv Marilia, Fac Ciencias Saude, Marilia, SP, BrazilFac Tecnol Alimentos Marilia, Marilia, SP, BrazilUNESP, Fundecif Fundacao Desenvolvimento Ciencias Farmac, Araraquara, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUnifesp, Dept Morfol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUnifesp, Dept Morfol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Evaluation of level of DNA damage in blood leukocytes of non-diabetic and diabetic rat exposed to cigarette smoke

The objective of the present study was to use the comet assay to evaluate the steady-state level of DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes from diabetic and non-diabetic female Wistar rats exposed to air or to cigarette smoke. A total of 20 rats were distributed into four experimental groups (n= 5 rats/group): non-diabetic (control) and diabetic exposed to filtered air; non-diabetic and diabetic exposed to cigarette smoke. A pancreatic beta (beta)-cytotoxic agent, streptozotocin (40 mg/kg b.w.) was used to induce experimental diabetes in rats. Rats placed into whole-body exposure chambers were exposed for 30 min to filtered air (control) or to tobacco smoke generated from 10 cigarettes, twice a day, for 2 months. At the end of the 2-month exposure period, each rat was anesthetized and humanely killed to obtain blood samples for genotoxicity analysis using the alkaline comet assay. Blood wleukocytes sampled from diabetic rats presented higher DNA damage values (tail moment =0.57 +/- 0.05; tail length =19.92 +/- 0.41, p 0.05) and diabetic rats (tail moment= 0.41 +/- 0.03, p > 0.05) exposed to cigarette smoke presented non-significant increases in DNA damage levels compared to control group. In conclusion, our data show that the exposure of diabetic rats to cigarette smoke produced no additional genotoxicity in peripheral blood cells of female Wistar rats. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Oxidative stress status and lipid profiles of diabetic pregnant rats exposed to cigarette smoke

This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress status and the concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and total proteins of pregnant rats exposed to the association of diabetes and cigarette smoke. Female Wistar rats were randomly distributed in four experimental groups, according to presence or not of diabetes and the exposure or not to cigarette smoke. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg i.v.) and exposure to cigarette smoke was for 30 min, twice a day, for 2 months. At day 21 of pregnancy, blood was collected for total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and oxidative stress determinations. Data were analysed by ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05). The association of diabetes and exposure to cigarette smoke was related to the indidence of hypertriglyceridaemia, and this result was due to the severe diabetes and not to exposure to smoke. There was no alteration to protein metabolism in pregnant rats. Diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure led to the activation of the antioxidant system in an attempt to detoxify the organism in face of high lipid peroxidation, which can be characterized by the determination of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid. (C) 2010, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Effects of cigarette smoke exposure on pregnancy outcome and offspring of diabetic rats

A total of 52 female Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: non-diabetic (G1) and diabetic (G2) exposed to filtered air; non-diabetic (G3) and diabetic (G4) exposed to cigarette smoke. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg bodyweight, i.v.). Rats were exposed, for 30 min, to filtered air (control) or to tobacco smoke generated from 10 cigarettes, twice a day, for 2 months. At the end of the 2-month exposure, at day 21 of pregnancy, each rat was anesthetized and humanely killed for laporatomy. Uterine horns were exposed for reproductive performance analysis, fetal and placental weights and placental index. Maternal and fetal data were analysed by ANOVA followed by the Student Newman-Keuls test. Fetal weight classification was assessed by Fisher's exact test. Diabetes and cigarette smoke caused placentomegaly (G4 = 0.65 +/- 0.19 g versus G1 = 0.49 +/- 0.03 g, P < 0.05), increased placental index (G4 = 0.13 +/- 0.03 versus G1 = 0.09 +/- 0.00, P < 0.05) and small fetus rates for pregnancy age (G4 = 88% versus G1 = 23.2%, P < 0.05). These observations show the importance of encouraging pregnant women to attempt cessation of smoking.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Levels of DNA damage in blood leukocyte samples from non-diabetic and diabetic female rats and their fetuses exposed to air or cigarette smoke

dThe objective of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage level in blood leukocytes from diabetic and non-diabetic female Wistar rats exposed to air or to cigarette smoke, and to correlate the findings with levels of DNA damage detected in blood leukocyte samples from their fetuses. A total of 20 rats were distributed into four experimental groups: non-diabetic (control; G1) and diabetic exposed to filtered air (G2): non-diabetic (G3) and diabetic (G4) exposed to cigarette smoke. Rats placed into whole-body exposure chambers were exposed for 30 min to filtered air (control) or to tobacco smoke generated from 10 cigarettes, twice a day, for 2 months. Diabetes was induced by a pancreatic beta-cytotoxic agent, streptozotocin (40 mg/kg b.w.). At day 21 of pregnancy, each rat was anesthetized and humanely killed to obtain maternal and fetal blood samples for genotoxicity analysis using the alkaline comet assay. G2, G3 and G4 dams presented higher DNA damage values in tail moment and tail length as compared to G1 group. There was a significant positive correlation between DNA damage levels in blood leukocyte samples from G2 and G3 groups (tail moment); G3 and G4 groups (tail length) and G3 group (tail intensity) and their fetuses. Thus, this study showed the association of severe diabetes and tobacco cigarette smoke exposure did not exacerbate levels of maternal and fetal DNA damages related with only diabetes or cigarette smoke exposure. Based on the results obtained and taking into account other published data, maternal diabetes requires rigid clinical control and public health and education campaigns should be increased to encourage individuals, especially pregnant women, to stop smoking. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Annona sp: Plants with multiple applications as alternative medicine - a review

Annona species have been used as a natural remedy for a variety of illnesses with antiparasitic, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antiulcer, sedative, analgesic, hypotensive, and vermifugal effects. These properties are due to the presence of a number of bioactive compounds on the leaves, fruit, seeds, and stem. The aim of this review is to show the main species of Annona, their medicinal properties and the chemical constituents that may be related to these effects. In the leaves it is possible to find acetogenins, annopentocins A, B, and C, cis- and trans-annomuricin-D-ones, goniothalamicin, arianacin, and javoricin, related to anticancer properties. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, also found in the leaves mediates antidiabetic and antioxidative effects. In the fruit are found annonaine, nornuciferine and asimilobine, associated to antidepressive effects. In the seeds are found muricatetrocin A and muricatetrocin B, longifolicin, corossolin, corossolone, uvarigrandin A, bullatacin, squamotatin. These acetogenins are associated with anticancer effects. Cyclosquamosin B, quercetin, and cyclosquamosin from the seeds have respectively vasorelaxant, antithyroidal and, antiinflammatory activity. In the stem parts there are several components as N-trans-feruloyltyramine, N-p-coumaroyltyramine, and N-trans-caffeoyltyramine, lignans, syringaresinol, syringaldehyde, beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside which exhibit antiplatelet aggregation activity. Copaene, patchoulane, 1H-cycloprop (e) azulene and kaur-16-en-19-oic acid found in the barks exhibit significant central as well as peripheral analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. The properties of the biological compounds in Annona species support information that may provide validation for its medicinal uses, but further studies should be performed to establish ideal and safe doses of consumption to ensure the effectiveness of the benefits. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers

Effects of Passiflora edulis (Yellow Passion) on Serum Lipids and Oxidative Stress Status of Wistar Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener (yellow passion) juice on the lipid profile and oxidative stress status of Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided in two groups (n = 8 animals per group): the control group, which received water, and the treated group, which was given P. edulis juice (1,000 mg/kg). Both groups received by gavage treatment twice a day for 28 days. The treated group showed an increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level and decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and free fatty acid levels compared with the control group. Levels of triglycerides and and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, superoxide dismutase activity, and total glutathione concentration were not statistically different between the two groups, but the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration (indicating lipid peroxidation) decreased in the treated group. These findings suggests that P. edulis juice in the experimental conditions used showed beneficial effects on lipid profile and improved lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats