Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) in substitution to the corn as source of energy in broiler chickens in the finishing phase

Was carried an experiment with the objetive to evaluate the use of five levels of sugar (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32%) in substitution to the corn in the feed of broilers in the finishing phase. 320 chickens with 22 days of age, were randomly distributed for 20 box. The birds received water and feed ad libitum in all experimental period. The diets were isonetrogenous an isocaloric. The performance of the birds was evalueted. The birds were weigthed at 42 days of age and four birds of each experimental unit, two males and two females, were kept without food for a 12 hours. After this period the birds were slaughtered and eviscerated and carcass weight and yield as wells cuts yield were collected. Water, protein and body fat were observed. There was quadratic effect or the ration consumption, being 20.73 the point of maximum intake. The sugar influenced in a positive lineal way the weight and abdominal fat of the males. In the females negative lineal effect was for chest yield. With relations to the fat deposition and protein in the carcass, the levels of sugar didn´t influence in the males, in the females they caused positive linear effect for the fat body deposition

Em câmara oculta: uma análise longitudinal da cobertura jornalística e fotojornalística das acções das deputadas portuguesas (1975-1999)

Este texto apresenta a configuração teórica e metodológica e os resultados da análise longitudinal da cobertura jornalística e fotojornalística das acções das deputadas portuguesas (1975-1999), na Assembleia da República, sobre temas relacionados com a IVG (Interrupção voluntária da gravidez) e a paridade de género.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comportamento e parâmetros fisiológicos de leitões nas primeiras 24 horas de vida Valuation of behavior and physiologic parameters of the first 24 hours of sucking pigs life

Um experimento foi conduzido no setor de Suinocultura da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento e parâmetros fisiológicos de leitões nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. Foram utilizados 82 leitões de genética comercial para crescimento rápido, sendo realizadas observações a cada cinco minutos do comportamento dos animais. Foram mensuradas as temperaturas retal e de superfície, além da freqüência respiratória em intervalo de uma hora. Os resultados obtidos com o estudo comportamental demonstraram que os leitões passam mais da metade (53,8%) do seu primeiro dia de vida dormindo dedicando somente 31,2% à ingestão de leite. A temperatura retal dos leitões recém nascidos e a temperatura superficial da pele aumentaram (P0,05) nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. A freqüência respiratória não foi influenciada (P>0,05). Leitões recém-nascidos com genética para alta deposição de tecido magro apresentam reação ao ambiente logo nas primeiras horas de vida. A elevação das temperaturas retal e superficial dos animais evidenciaram tentativa de controle termorregulatório a partir da nona hora de vida.An experiment was carried out in the swine sector of North Fluminense State University to evaluate the behavior and physiological parameters of piglets in the first 24 hours of life. A total of 82 growing piglets from commercial genetic lines were used. Observations of individual piglet behavior were made each five minutes. Rectal and superficial temperature of the piglets were evaluated. Moreover, respiratory frequency was observed each one-hour interval. Results showed that piglets take a little more than half of their first day of life time sleeping (53,8%) and only 31,2% sucking. Rectal and superficial temperature increased after nine hours of life. However, superficial temperature of ham and respiratory frequency were not influenced. Newborn piglets from commercial genetic lines showed reaction to environment in the first hour of life. Moreover, the increase in rectal and superficial temperature evidenced attempt to maintain thermoregulatory control after nine hours of life

Integral Sugar Cane in the feeding of growing swine (30-60 kg) Cana-de-açúcar integral na alimentação de suínos em crescimento (30-60 kg)

The experiment was carried at the Swine Sector of the Animal Husbandry and Animal Nutrition Laboratory of North Rio de Janeiro State University. The objective was to evaluate the performance of swine fed diets containing sugar cane. A total of 40 Large White x Landrace cross bred pigs, 30 kg initial medium weight, were randomly distributed in 20 pens, with two animals in each experimental unit. The treatments were five experimental diets: T1= Controls diet; T2= Controls diet, with replacement of 15% of the diet by sugar cane; T3= Controls diet with correction of P, Ca and lysine levels and replacement of 15% of the diet by sugar cane; T4= Controls diet, with replacement of 30% of the diet by sugar cane; T5= Controls diet with correction of P, Ca and lysine levels and replacement of 30% of the diet by sugar cane. Data on daily fed consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion and bionutricional index – IBN were evaluated. Pigs fed with sugar cane had higher (P<0,05) daily feed intake and worse feed convertion rate. Pigs that received 15% of the diet with sugar cane had higher (P<0,05) daily weight gain in relation to those fed with 30%. However, the inclusion of 30% of sugar cane resulted in larger economic efficiency, indicating the viability of sugar cane utilization.O experimento foi conduzido na Unidade de Apoio à Pesquisa do Laboratório de Zootecnia e Nutrição Animal da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de suínos em crescimento, consumindo cana-de-açúcar como parte da sua alimentação. Foram utilizados 40 leitões mestiços (Large White X Landrace), com peso médio inicial de 30 kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 20 baias, com 2 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram em 5 rações experimentais: T1= Ração controle; T2 = Ração controle, com substituição da oferta em 15% por cana-de-açúcar; T3 = Ração controle com níveis de P, Ca e lisina corrigidos, com substituição da oferta em 15% por cana-de-açúcar; T4 = Ração controle, com substituição da oferta em 30% por cana-de-açúcar; T5 = Ração controle com níveis de P, Ca e lisina corrigidos, com substituição da oferta em 30% por cana-de-açúcar. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração diário, o ganho de peso diário, a conversão alimentar, o índice bionutricional –IBN e realizada a análise econômica das rações. Os animais alimentados com ração contendo cana-de-açúcar apresentaram maior (P<0,05) consumo de ração diário e pior (P<0,05) conversão alimentar. Os animais que receberam 15% de cana-de-açúcar apresentaram maior (P<0,05) ganho de peso diário em relação àqueles que receberam 30%. A inclusão de 30% de cana-de-açúcar resultou em maior eficiência econômica na implantação do sistema, e evidenciou a viabilidade do seu uso

Utilização do açúcar de cana (Saccharum officinarum) como fonte de energia para frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias Sugar cane based diet as energy source for broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização de cinco níveis de açúcar de cana (0; 4; 8; 16 e 32%) em substituição ao milho na alimentação de frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias. Trezentos e vinte pintos, metade de cada sexo, foram distribuídos casualmente em 20 boxes, com total de 16 aves/boxe. As aves receberam água e ração à vontade durante toda a fase de criação, sendo as rações isoprotéicas e isocalóricas. Aos 42 dias de idade, as aves foram pesadas e quatro aves de cada unidade experimental, dois machos e duas fêmeas, foram submetidas a um jejum de 12 horas para posterior abate e evisceração, quando foram avaliados peso e rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres. Observou-se redução linear no ganho de peso e piora para conversão alimentar com o aumento dos níveis de açúcar, demonstrando menor eficiência de utilização do alimento. Com relação aos cortes, não houve efeito significativo para as fêmeas. Nos machos foi observado efeito quadrático para peso de carcaça, sendo o melhor nível estimado em 8,42%, alcançando o máximo de 1965,1 g. A análise econômica não demonstrou vantagens na utilização do açúcar.<br>The experiment was carried out to evaluate the use of five levels of sugar (0; 4; 8; 16 and 32%) in substitution to the corn in the feed of broilers from 1 to 21 days. Three hundred and twenty day old chicks, half male, half female, were randomly assigned to 20 box, with a total of 16 chicks/box. Water and ration were "ad libitum" fed during all experimental period. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogen and isocaloric. The birds were weighed at 42 days of age and four birds of each experimental unit, two males and two females, were fasted for 12 hours. After this period, the birds were slaughtered and eviscerated and carcass weight and yield as well as cuts yield were collected. Linear reduction was observed for weight gain and the worst for alimentary conversion, as the sugar levels increased, showing smaller efficiency of feeding use. Females showed no significant effects for cuts. Males showed quadratic effect for carcass weight, with the level of 8.42%, reaching the maximum of 1965.1g. For the economic analysis, no advantage by using sugar cane based diets was observed

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora