Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain from Chile

Date of Acceptance: 20/05/2015 Copyright © 2015 Opazo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported through funds granted by the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) and by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) of Chile (project 3150286).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Diversity structure of culturable bacteria isolated from the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, Antarctica): A phylogenetic analysis perspective

<div><p>It has been proposed that Antarctic environments select microorganisms with unique biochemical adaptations, based on the tenet ‘Everything is everywhere, but, the environment selects’ by Baas-Becking. However, this is a hypothesis that has not been extensively evaluated. This study evaluated the fundamental prediction contained in this hypothesis—in the sense that species are structured in the landscape according to their local habitats-, using as study model the phylogenetic diversity of the culturable bacteria of Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, Antarctica). Eighty bacterial strains isolated from 10 different locations in the area, were recovered. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolates were grouped into twenty-six phylotypes distributed in three main clades, of which only six are exclusive to Antarctica. Results showed that phylotypes do not group significantly by habitat type; however, local habitat types had phylogenetic signal, which support the phylogenetic niche conservatism hypothesis and not a selective role of the environment like the Baas-Becking hypothesis suggests. We propose that, more than habitat selection resulting in new local adaptations and diversity, local historical colonization and species sorting (i.e. differences in speciation and extinction rates that arise by interaction of species level traits with the environment) play a fundamental role on the culturable bacterial diversity in Antarctica.</p></div

Bayesian consensus tree based on RJMCMC approach of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the environmental Antarctic strains isolated and closely related species obtained from GenBank.

<p>The codes indicate the environmental Antarctic strains isolated (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0179390#pone.0179390.s001" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>). The GenBank accession number follows specific names of the closely related species found in the database. The red numbers at tree nodes are posterior probabilities values (only >0.9 posterior probability) obtained from 2176 samples of phylogenetic trees. Scale bar represents 5% estimated substitutions.</p

Bacterial count of different samples from the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.

<p>Bacterial count of different samples from the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.</p

Location of sampling sites in Fildes peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.

<p>Dots and numbers indicate the sampling sites: 1) Langer lagoon, 2) Russian fuel tanks, 3) Elephant seal beach, 4) Large valley, 5) North plateau, 6) High plateau north lagoon, 7) North plateau lagoon, 8) North plateau sun lagoon, 9) Jurasico lake, 10) Geografos lake.</p