Expectativas em relação aos efeitos do uso de álcool na região metropolitana de São Paulo: uma análise de gênero

Investigar as expectativas em relação aos efeitos do uso de bebidas alcoólicas em uma amostra de homens e mulheres da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e a associação destas com a ocorrência de beber com embriaguez. Foi realizado um inquérito epidemiológico transversal domiciliar de base populacional, com amostra probabilística estratificada por conglomerados. Foram entrevistadas 2.083 pessoas e, destas, as 876 que fizeram uso de álcool no último ano foram examinadas quanto às expectativas associadas a este consumo. Utilizou-se o questionário do estudo GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol and Culture: an International Study), que foi traduzido para aplicação no Brasil. Este instrumento é composto de 119 questões, divididas em 15 seções. As informações sobre uso de álcool permitiram estabelecer o uso típico diário em relação à frequência e quantidade, e também identificar episódios de beber com embriaguez, caracterizado pela ingestão de cindo ou mais drinques em um único dia. Beber com embriaguez foi considerada a variável dependente. Para identificação de fatores de risco livres de confusão, foram construídos modelos de regressão logística para cada um dos sexos separadamente. A taxa de resposta foi 74,5%. A maior parte dos sujeitos negou expectativas positivas em relação ao uso de álcool, tendo havido diferenças entre os gêneros. Quando comparados com as mulheres, os homens relataram mais frequentemente que o álcool facilitava “se abrir” com outras pessoas (p=0,04). A única expectativa que não se associou a beber com embriaguez, em ambos os gêneros, foi achar mais fácil falar com o(a) companheiro(a). Todas as demais se associaram significativamente a este padrão de uso de álcool, mesmo após o ajuste para idade, escolaridade e renda. Houve algumas diferenças entre homens e mulheres em relação às expectativas positivas com o uso de álcool,...Aims: To investigate the expectations about the effects of alcohol drinking in men and women from São Paulo city (São Paulo state, Brazil), and to analyze their possible associations with heavy drinking. Methods: a private household survey was carried out with a representative urban sample of adults, stratified by clusters. Interviews with 2,083 individuals were carried out and those who drank in the previous year (N=876) were inquired about their expectations regarding alcohol use. The Gender, Alcohol and Culture International Study (GENACIS) questionnaire was used, after translation into Portuguese. This instrument has 119 questions divided into 15 sections, including information on alcohol use. It allowed to establish the daily frequency and amount of alcohol typically used by the individuals and to identify heavy drinking, which was defined as five or more drinks in a single day. The dependent variable was heavy drinking. Separate logistic regression models were used for each gender to identify risk factors, controlling for possible confounders. Results: The response rate was 74.5%. The majority of individuals denied positive expectations about drinking, but there were differences between genders. Men reported more frequently than women feeling at ease to talk to other people under alcohol effect (p=0.04). In both genders, the only expectation that was not associated with heavy drinking was considering easier to talk to the partner under the effect of alcohol. All other expectations showed significant associations with heavy drinking, even after adjusting for age, educational level and income. Conclusions: Some differences between males and females were found regarding positive expectations related to alcohol use, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Violência entre parceiros íntimos e álcool: prevalência e fatores associados Violence between intimate partners and alcohol use: prevalence and associated factors

OBJETIVO: Estimar a violência física entre parceiros íntimos e examinar a associação entre a violência e variáveis sociodemográficas, uso de álcool e outros fatores relacionados. MÉTODO: Inquérito epidemiológico realizado com amostra probabilística estratificada por conglomerados, representativa dos níveis socioeconômicos e educacionais do Município de São Paulo, que utilizou o questionário do projeto multidisciplinar internacional GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study). A unidade amostral foi o domicílio, onde todas as pessoas maiores de 18 anos eram candidatas à entrevista. A amostra final incluiu 1 631 pessoas. A análise estatística utilizou o teste de Rao Scott e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A taxa de resposta foi de 74,5%. Predominaram mulheres (58,8%) e pessoas com menos de 40 anos de idade (52%) e com 5 a 12 anos de escolaridade. Nesse grupo, 5,4% relataram ter sido vítimas de violência física por parceiro íntimo e 5,4% ter sido agressores de parceiros íntimos nos últimos 2 anos. Predominou entre os homens o relato de que, na ocasião da agressão, ninguém havia bebido e, entre as mulheres, de que ninguém ou apenas o homem o havia feito. Ser vítima, assim como ser agressor, associou-se a ser mais jovem e ter um parceiro com consumo pesado de álcool. Homens vítimas estiveram associados à baixa renda. As mulheres sofreram agressões mais graves, necessitando de cuidados médicos e, diante da agressão, expressaram mais raiva e aborrecimento quando comparadas aos homens. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados ressaltam a importância da associação entre uso de álcool e risco de agressão entre parceiros íntimos e têm importantes implicações para a elaboração de políticas públicas que enfocam esse problema.OBJECTIVE: To estimate physical violence between intimate partners and to examine the association between violence and sociodemographic variables, use of alcohol, and other related factors. METHOD: This epidemiologic survey included a stratified probabilistic sample representative of the population from the city of São Paulo in economic and educational terms. The Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS) questionnaire was employed. The sampling unit was the home, where all individuals older than 18 years were candidates for interview. The final sample included 1 631 people. Statistical analysis employed the Rao Scott test and logistic regression. RESULTS: The response rate was 74.5%. Most participants were female (58.8%), younger than 40 years of age (52%), or had 5 to 12 years of schooling. Of the overall group, 5.4% reported having been victims of physical violence by an intimate partner and 5.4% declared having been aggressors of intimate partners in the past 2 years. Most men declared that none of those involved had ingested alcohol at the moment of aggression. Most women reported that nobody or only the man had drunk. Being a victim or an aggressor was associated with younger age and having a heavy-drinking partner. Women suffered more serious aggression, requiring medical care, and expressed more anger and disgust at aggression than men. CONCLUSIONS: The results underscore the importance of the association between alcohol use and risk of aggression between intimate partners, and may contribute to the design of public policies aimed to control this situation

Violence between intimate partners and alcohol use: prevalence and associated factors

Objective. To estimate physical violence between intimate partners and to examine the association between violence and sociodemographic variables, use of alcohol, and other related factors. Method. This epidemiologic survey included a stratified probabilistic sample representative of the population from the city of Sao Paulo in economic and educational terms. The Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS) questionnaire was employed. The sampling unit was the home, where all individuals older than 18 years were candidates for interview. The final sample included 1 631 people. Statistical analysis employed the Rao Scott test and logistic regression. Results. The response rate was 74.5%. Most participants were female (58.8%), younger than 40 years of age (52%), or had 5 to 12 years of schooling. Of the overall group, 5.4% reported having been victims of physical violence by an intimate partner and 5.4% declared having been aggressors of intimate partners in the past 2 years. Most men declared that none of those involved had ingested alcohol at the moment of aggression. Most women reported that nobody or only the man had drunk. Being a victim or an aggressor was associated with younger age and having a heavy-drinking partner. Women suffered more serious aggression, requiring medical care, and expressed more anger and disgust at aggression than men. Conclusions. The results underscore the importance of the association between alcohol use and risk of aggression between intimate partners, and may contribute to the design of public policies aimed to control this situation

Violence between intimate partners and alcohol use: prevalence and associated factors

Objective. To estimate physical violence between intimate partners and to examine the association between violence and sociodemographic variables, use of alcohol, and other related factors.Method. This epidemiologic survey included a stratified probabilistic sample representative of the population from the city of Sao Paulo in economic and educational terms. The Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS) questionnaire was employed. The sampling unit was the home, where all individuals older than 18 years were candidates for interview. The final sample included 1 631 people. Statistical analysis employed the Rao Scott test and logistic regression.Results. The response rate was 74.5%. Most participants were female (58.8%), younger than 40 years of age (52%), or had 5 to 12 years of schooling. Of the overall group, 5.4% reported having been victims of physical violence by an intimate partner and 5.4% declared having been aggressors of intimate partners in the past 2 years. Most men declared that none of those involved had ingested alcohol at the moment of aggression. Most women reported that nobody or only the man had drunk. Being a victim or an aggressor was associated with younger age and having a heavy-drinking partner. Women suffered more serious aggression, requiring medical care, and expressed more anger and disgust at aggression than men.Conclusions. The results underscore the importance of the association between alcohol use and risk of aggression between intimate partners, and may contribute to the design of public policies aimed to control this situation.Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Dept Neurol Psicol & Psiquiatria, Fac Med Botucatu, BR-18607970 Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Curso Psicol, Dept Ciencias Saude, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Curso Psicol, Dept Ciencias Saude, Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Alcohol use and falls among the elderly in Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil Consumo de álcool e ocorrência de quedas entre idosos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil

The objectives of this study are to identify the pattern of alcohol use among the elderly and to analyze its association with falls. A population-based survey was conducted in a sample of Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil, using the GENACIS questionnaire, Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated using Poisson Regression with robust variance, and the dependent variable was the occurrence of falls. Interviews were carried out with 432 subjects whose average age was 69.5 years. Regarding alcohol use 50.9% were lifetime abstainers, 25.5% had not drunk in the previous year and 23.6% were current drinkers. Among the latter, 14 (13.7%) were heavy drinkers. In the previous year 24.5% people had falls, which were associated with being a heavy drinker and being older. Although a relationship between being a heavy drinker and falls found in this survey does not allow for inferences on causality, this association supports the hypothesis that alcohol abuse in later life might be related with health problems.<br>Este estudo se propõe a identificar o padrão de uso de álcool entre idosos e analisar sua associação com quedas. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra estratificada da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando-se o questionário Gênero, Álcool e Cultura: Um Estudo Internacional (GENACIS). A análise estatística utilizou o teste de qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta. A ocorrência de quedas foi considerada a variável dependente. Entrevistas foram conduzidas com 432 sujeitos, com idade média de 69,5 anos. Em relação ao uso de álcool, 50,9% nunca haviam feito uso, 25,5% não bebeu no último ano e 23,6% fizeram uso de álcool no último ano. Entre os bebedores, 14 (13,7%) relataram uso de risco de álcool. No ano anterior, 24,5% relataram quedas, que se associou a uso de risco de álcool e a ser mais velho. Embora a relação entre uso de risco de álcool e quedas encontrada neste estudo não permita inferir causalidade, tal associação sustenta a hipótese de que abuso de álcool entre idosos pode estar relacionado a problemas de saúde

Violência entre parceiros íntimos e álcool: prevalência e fatores associados

Objective. To estimate physical violence between intimate partners and to examine the association between violence and sociodemographic variables, use of alcohol, and other related factors.Method. This epidemiologic survey included a stratified probabilistic sample representative of the population from the city of São Paulo in economic and educational terms. The Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS) questionnaire was employed. The sampling unit was the home, where all individuals older than 18 years were candidates for interview. The final sample included 1 631 people. Statistical analysis employed the Rao Scott test and logistic regression.Results. The response rate was 74.5%. Most participants were female (58.8%), younger than 40 years of age (52%), or had 5 to 12 years of schooling. of the overall group, 5.4% reported having been victims of physical violence by an intimate partner and 5.4% declared having been aggressors of intimate partners in the past 2 years. Most men declared that none of those involved had ingested alcohol at the moment of aggression. Most women reported that nobody or only the man had drunk. Being a victim or an aggressor was associated with younger age and having a heavy-drinking partner. Women suffered more serious aggression, requiring medical care, and expressed more anger and disgust at aggression than men.Conclusions. The results underscore the importance of the association between alcohol use and risk of aggression between intimate partners, and may contribute to the design of public policies aimed to control this situation

Expectativas positivas com o uso de álcool e o beber se embriagando: diferenças de gênero em estudo do Projeto GENACIS, São Paulo, Brasil Positive expectations towards alcohol use and binge drinking: gender differences in a study from the GENACIS project, São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as expectativas de homens e mulheres com relação ao uso do álcool e a associação dessas com o comportamento de beber com embriaguez. Foi realizado inquérito epidemiológico, domiciliar, transversal, de base populacional, com amostra probabilística estratificada por conglomerados, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram entrevistadas 2.083 pessoas de ambos os sexos utilizando-se o questionário GENACIS (Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study). Beber com embriaguez foi considerada variável dependente, e foram construídos modelos de regressão logística para cada sexo, ajustando-se os modelos para idade, escolaridade e renda. Todas as expectativas, exceto achar mais fácil falar com companheiro, associaram-se ao comportamento de beber com embriaguez. Nosso estudo mostrou que beber com embriaguez pode estar associado a expectativas com uso do álcool. Compreender essas expectativas pode contribuir para elaboração de estratégias mais efetivas de prevenção do beber excessivo.<br>The objective was to investigate expectations towards alcohol use among men and women and the association between these expectations and binge drinking (or heavy episodic drinking). An epidemiological cross-sectional population-based household survey with a stratified probabilistic sample was conducted in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. Males and females were interviewed (n = 2,083) with the GENACIS questionnaire (Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: an International Study). The dependent variable was binge drinking, and logistic regression models were constructed for each gender, adjusting for age, schooling, and income. All expectations, with the exception of increased ease in talking with one's partner, were associated with binge drinking. The study shows that binge drinking can be associated with expectations towards alcohol use. Understanding such expectations can contribute to the design of effective polices to prevent binge drinking

Bioenergia: desenvolvimento, pesquisa e inovação

Com 27 trabalhos produzidos por pesquisadores do Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia (Bioen), da Unesp, este livro oferece uma ampla visão sobre as áreas que compõem o segmento. Seu principal objetivo é contribuir para melhorar a compreensão dos vários aspectos da bioenergia, em especial no Brasil, que figura entre os países com maior nível de desenvolvimento tecnológico no setor. Os artigos abordam uma série abrangente de questões relacionadas à bioenergia, como a construção genética das plantas de cana-de-açúcar visando ao aumento de produtividade, a disseminação de sementes para estimular a propagação de espécies com potencial energético, etapas de produção de bioenergia, usos do combustível e seus efeitos nos diversos tipos de motores. Agrupados por assunto, os textos estão distribuídos em cinco partes: Biomassa para bioenergia; Produção de biocombustíveis; Utilização de bioenergia; Biorrefinaria, alcoolquímica e oleoquímica e Sustentabilidade dos biocombustíveis