SHORT COMMUNICATION - Flow Cytometry as a Tool to Identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune System and Drug Susceptibility

Flow cytometric analysis is a useful and widely employed tool to identify immunological alterations caused by different microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, this tool can be used for several others analysis. We will discuss some applications for flow cytometry to the study of M. tuberculosis, mainly on cell surface antigens, mycobacterial secreted proteins, their interaction with the immune system using inflammatory cells recovered from peripheral blood, alveolar and pleura spaces and the influence of M. tuberculosis on apoptosis, and finally the rapid determination of drug susceptibility. All of these examples highlight the usefulness of flow cytometry in the study of M. tuber-culosis infection

Immune response in cervical dysplasia induced by human papillomavirus: the influence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 co-infection - Review

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) has become an important risk factor for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the development of HPV associated lesions in the female genital tract. HIV-1 may also increase the oncogenicity of high risk HPV types and the activation of low risk types. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention declared invasive cervical cancer an acquired immunodeficience virus (AIDS) defining illness in HIV positive women. Furthermore, cervical cancer happens to be the second most common female cancer worldwide. The host's local immune response plays a critical factor in controlling these conditions, as well as in changes in the number of professional antigen-presenting cells, cytokine, and MHC molecules expression. Also, the production of cytokines may determine which arm of the immune response will be stimulated and may influence the magnitude of immune protection. Although there are many studies describing the inflammatory response in HPV infection, few data are available to demonstrate the influence of the HIV infection and several questions regarding the cervical immune response are still unknown. In this review we present a brief account of the current understanding of HIV/HPV co-infection, emphasizing cervical immune response

Evolution of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibody production in patients with chronic Chagas disease: correlation between antibody titers and development of cardiac disease severity

Submitted by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-02-25T14:04:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Georg_Ingebourg_etal_INI_2017.pdf: 3250239 bytes, checksum: b99e6a01f4776da5e71a3fe588b87d15 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-02-26T14:43:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Georg_Ingebourg_etal_INI_2017.pdf: 3250239 bytes, checksum: b99e6a01f4776da5e71a3fe588b87d15 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-26T14:43:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Georg_Ingebourg_etal_INI_2017.pdf: 3250239 bytes, checksum: b99e6a01f4776da5e71a3fe588b87d15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Setor de Imunodiagnóstico. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Chagas disease is one of the most important endemic infections in Latin America affecting around 6-7 million people. About 30-50% of patients develop the cardiac form of the disease, which can lead to severe cardiac dysfunction and death. In this scenario, the identification of immunological markers of disease progression would be a valuable tool for early treatment and reduction of death rates. In this observational study, the production of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies through a retrospective longitudinal follow-up in chronic Chagas disease patients´ cohort and its correlation with disease progression and heart commitment was evaluated. Strong inverse correlation (ρ = -0.6375, p = 0.0005) between anti-T. cruzi IgG1 titers and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) patients were observed after disease progression. Elevated levels of anti-T. cruzi IgG3 titers were detected in all T. cruzi-infected patients, indicating a lack of correlation of this IgG isotype with disease progression. Furthermore, low levels of anti-T. cruzi IgG2, IgG4, and IgA were detected in all patients through the follow-up. Although without statistical significance anti-T. cruzi IgE tends to be more reactive in patients with the indeterminate form (IND) of the disease (p = 0.0637). As this study was conducted in patients with many years of chronic disease no anti-T. cruzi IgM was detected. Taken together, these results indicate that the levels of anti-T. cruzi IgG1 could be considered to seek for promising biomarkers to predict the severity of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy

Phenotypes of lung mononuclear phagocytes in HIV seronegative tuberculosis patients: Evidence for new recruitment and cell activation

Mycobacterium tuberculosis preferentially resides in mononuclear phagocytes. The mechanisms by which mononuclear phagocytes keep M. tuberculosis in check or by which the microbe evades control to cause disease remain poorly understood. As an initial effort to delineate these mechanisms, we examined by immunostaining the phenotype of mononuclear phagocytes obtained from lungs of patients with active tuberculosis. From August 1994 to March 1995, consecutive patients who had an abnormal chest X-ray, no demostrable acid-fast bacilli in sputum specimens and required a diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were enrolled. Of the 39 patients enrolled, 21 had microbiologically diagnosed tuberculosis. Thirteen of the 21 tuberculosis patients were either HIV seronegative (n = 12) or had no risk factor for HIV and constituted the tuberculosis group. For comparison, M. tuberculosis negative patients who had BAL samples taken during this time (n = 9) or normal healthy volunteers (n = 3) served as control group

No association of IFNG+874T/A SNP and NOS2A-954G/C SNP variants with nitric oxide radical serum levels or susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Brazilian population subset

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-04-24T17:15:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-09-27T14:41:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Leandro_Ana_etal_INI_2013.pdf: 613537 bytes, checksum: 2da9ad57c3a06a3e5d8a98f3a6e52fba (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-27T14:41:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Leandro_Ana_etal_INI_2013.pdf: 613537 bytes, checksum: 2da9ad57c3a06a3e5d8a98f3a6e52fba (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Texas Biomedical Research Institute. Department of Genetics and Southwest National Primate Research Center. San Antonio, TX, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Texas Biomedical Research Institute. Department of Genetics and Southwest National Primate Research Center. San Antonio, TX, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética em Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection leads to pulmonary active disease in approximately 5–10% of exposed individuals. Both bacteria- and host-related characteristics influence latent infection and disease. Host genetic predisposition to develop TB may involve multiple genes and their polymorphisms. It was reported previously that interferon gamma (IFN-) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) are expressed on alveolar macrophages from TB patients and are responsible for bacilli control; thus, we aimed this study at genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms IFNG+874T/A SNP and NOS2A-954G/C SNP to estimate their role on TB susceptibility and determine whether these polymorphisms influence serum nitrite and NO− production. This case-control study enrolled 172 TB patients and 179 Thealthy controls. Neither polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to TB. NOS2A-954G/C SNP was not associated with serum levels of nitrite and NO−. These results indicate that variants of IFNG+874T/A SNP and NOS2A-954G/C SNP do not influence TB susceptibility or the secretion of nitric oxide radicals in the study population

Immune response during HIV and tuberculosis co-infection

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), co-infect around 6 million people worldwide. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24% of notified AIDS cases had TB and 5 to 20% of notified TB cases are HIV-1 seropositive. Several authors have already described the deleterious association between these two microorganisms. Here, we will overview the immune response to M. tuberculosis and the effect of association with HIV-1 infection. The natural history of M. tuberculosis infection indicates that the emergence of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and presumably specific acquired resistance is associated with control of the initial infection in 95% of normal hosts; the other 5% develop progressive primary TB. In addition, 5-10% of the infected persons eventually will reactivate latent pulmonary or extrapulmonary foci several years after infection. HIV-infected individuals and AIDS patients have a remarkable susceptibility to TB, increasing 113-fold and 170-fold the risk of TB reactivation, respectively. In addition, it has been shown that TB accelerates the HIV infection and disease progression

Flow cytometry as a tool to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis interaction with the immune system and drug susceptibility

Flow cytometric analysis is a useful and widely employed tool to identify immunological alterations caused by different microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, this tool can be used for several others analysis. We will discuss some applications for flow cytometry to the study of M. tuberculosis, mainly on cell surface antigens, mycobacterial secreted proteins, their interaction with the immune system using inflammatory cells recovered from peripheral blood, alveolar and pleura spaces and the influence of M. tuberculosis on apoptosis, and finally the rapid determination of drug susceptibility. All of these examples highlight the usefulness of flow cytometry in the study of M. tuber-culosis infection

Characteristics of patients with progressive CCC.

<p>Characteristics of patients with progressive CCC.</p