Dataset. 24 weeks circuit-based exercise with free weight reduce WC and WHR in obese/overweight women.xlsx

Dataset was used from calculate changes at metabolic and anthropometric variables after 6 months exercise intervention

Effects of Four Days Hiking on Postural Control

<div><p>Hiking is a demanding form of exercise that may cause delayed responses of the postural muscles and a loss of somatosensory information, particularly when repeatedly performed for several days. These effects may negatively influence the postural control of hikers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a four-day hike on postural control. Twenty-six adults of both sexes travelled 262 kilometers, stopping for lunch and resting in the early evening each day. Force platforms were used to collect center of pressure (COP) data at 100 Hz for 70 seconds before hiking started and immediately after arriving at the rest station each day. The COP time course data were analyzed according to global stabilometric descriptors, spectral analysis and structural descriptors using sway density curve (SDC) and stabilometric diffusion analysis (SDA). Significant increases were found for global variables in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions (COP sway area, COP total sway path, COP mean velocity, COP root mean square value and COP range). In the spectral analysis, only the 80% power frequency (F80) in the anterior-posterior direction showed a significant increase, reflecting the increase of the sway frequencies. The SDC revealed a significant increase in the mean distance between peaks (MD) and a significant decrease in the mean peak amplitudes (MP), suggesting that a larger torque amplitude is required for stabilization and that the postural stability is reduced. The SDA revealed a decrease in the long-term slope (Hl) and increases in the short-term (Ks) and the long-term (Kl) intercepts. We considered the likelihood that the presence of local and general fatigue, pain and related neuromuscular adaptations and somatosensory deficits may have contributed to these postural responses. Together, these results demonstrated that four days of hiking increased sway frequencies and deteriorated postural control in the standing position.</p></div

SDA ML Descriptors.

<p>Values expressed as the mean (standard deviation).</p><p>Indexes—post-hoc tests, as follows:</p><p>^{a, b, e} p<0.03,</p><p>^{c, d} p<0.001.</p><p>SDA ML Descriptors.</p

Short-term and Long-term Effects of Hiking.

<p>Values expressed as the mean (standard deviation). p-value: paired T-test.</p><p>* significant differences.</p><p>Short-term and Long-term Effects of Hiking.</p

COP power spectrum and the F80 (circles) descriptor estimated for each data acquisition in the AP direction.

<p>The spectra plots are average estimates of 78 realizations for each day of the hike (3 trials x 26 hikers).</p

SDC Descriptors.

<p>Values expressed as the mean (standard deviation).</p><p>Indexes—post-hoc tests, as follows:</p><p>^{a, b, c, d} p<0.001,</p><p>^e p = 0.03.</p><p>SDC Descriptors.</p

SDA AP Descriptors.

<p>Values expressed as the mean (standard deviation).</p><p>Indexes—post-hoc tests, as follows:</p><p>^{a, b, d, f, g, h, i, j} p<0.03,</p><p>^{c, e} p<0.001.</p><p>SDA AP Descriptors.</p

SDA Resultant Descriptors.

<p>Values expressed as the mean (standard deviation).</p><p>Indexes—post-hoc tests, as follows:</p><p>^{a, d, e, h} p<0.05,</p><p>^{b, c, f, g} p<0.001.</p><p>SDA Resultant Descriptors.</p

Global Stabilometric Descriptors Calculations.

<p>N is the number of samples, Cd is the COP displacement, and f_s is the sampling frequency. The RMS, Velm, and Range were calculated for both the AP and ML directions. The total sway path variable was calculated only for the resultant two-dimensional COP trajectory.</p><p>Global Stabilometric Descriptors Calculations.</p

Spectral Analysis.

<p>Values expressed as the mean (standard deviation). p-value: Friedman test.</p><p>* significant differences.</p><p>Spectral Analysis.</p