ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗУ В ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ

Introduction. Tuberculosis is one of the most important medical and social problems in the whole world as well as in Russia and its separate regions.Purpose. The study was aimed at assessment of tuberculosis epidemic situation in the Chechen Republic in the current socio-economic conditions after counterterrorist operations.Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the annual reports of the Ministry of Health of the Chechen Republic for 2010–2015, data of Rosstat, statistical data form for tuberculosis (№ 8 and № 30).Results. The results shown a threefold increase in the main tuberculosis indicators (incidence, prevalence and mortality) after counterterrorist operations (1994–1996), and a decrease in these indicators in 2010–2015. The authors have found the cities and rural municipal districts with the most and the least favorable tuberculosis situation. The study results demonstrated an increase in the number of patients with bacillary, with fibrous-cavernous form, as well as patients with tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection. The authors proved the relation between the prevalence of fibrous-cavernous form of tuberculosis and mortality rate. Tuberculosis incidence in children (0–14 years) and adolescents (15–17 years) decreased in 2010–2015 while the incidence in adolescents remains higher than the incidence in children.Conclusion. Effective antituberculosis work in the Chechen Republic needs to improve the quality of medical examinations, early detection of tuberculosis, timely immunization, and health education.Введение. Туберкулез является одной из наиболее значимых медико-социальных проблем как во всем мире, так и на территории России и отдельных ее регионов.Цель. Целью работы явилась оценка эпидемической ситуации по туберкулезу в Чеченской Республике в сложившихся современных социально-экономических условиях после проведенных контртеррористических операций (1994–1996 гг., 1999–2004 гг.).Методы. Источником информации послужили годовые отчеты Министерства здравоохранения Чеченской Республики за 2010–2015 гг., данные Росстата, статистические формы по туберкулезу (№ 8 и № 30).Результаты. Установлено трехкратное увеличение основных показателей по туберкулезу – заболеваемости, распространенности и смертности после контртеррористических операций (1994–1996 гг.) и снижение этих показателей в период 2010–2015 гг. Определены города и сельские муниципальные районы с наиболее и наименее благоприятной ситуацией по туберкулезу. Установлено увеличение в последние годы числа больных с бациллярной, с фиброзно-кавернозной формой, а также больных туберкулезом в сочетании с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Доказано, что со снижением распространенности фиброзно-кавернозной формы туберкулеза снижается показатель смертности от туберкулеза. Установлено снижение показателя заболеваемости туберкулезом в динамике за 2010–2015 гг. детей (0–14 лет) и подростков (15–17 лет), при этом заболеваемость подростков остается выше заболеваемости детей.Заключение. Для эффективной борьбы с туберкулезом на территории Чеченской Республики требуется совершенствование проведения медицинских осмотров, раннего выявления заболевших, своевременное проведение мер по иммунопрофилактике, усиление санитарно-просветительской работы

MEDICAL EDUCATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN RUSSIA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

This study was designed to investigate general wellbeing, participation in social, leisure and recreational activities in Moscow to enhance the status and wellbeing of international students and better cater for their needs in the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (the First MSMU). The research included 120 third-year international students studying in the First MSMU. The survey was conducted via a printed questionnaire. The results of the survey were summarized by Dean’s office for international students to optimize the educational environment of the University, for further increase of student’s intercultural communication and their involvement in various kinds of activities. Students are encouraged to participate extensively in international conferences, scientific competitions, sport and cultural events. Enhancing of status and wellbeing of international students require the active participation of students in communication with Russian students, research projects and conferences

Indoor Environmental Quality in Dwellings and Lifestyle Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Russian Perspective

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern, and as a response, public health authorities started enforcing preventive measures like self-isolation and social distancing. The enforcement of isolation has consequences that may affect the lifestyle-related behavior of the general population. Quarantine encompasses a range of strategies that can be used to detain, isolate, or conditionally release individuals or populations infected or exposed to contagious diseases and should be tailored to circumstances. Interestingly, medical students may represent an example of how the COVID-19 pandemic can form new habits and change lifestyle behaviors. We conducted a web-based survey to assess changes in lifestyle-related behavior of self-isolated medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Then we analyzed the sanitary-hygienic regulations of the Russian Federation to determine the requirements for healthy buildings. Results showed that during the pandemic, the enforcement of isolation affects medical students’ lifestyle-related behavior and accompanies an increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and healthy buildings are cutting-edge factors in preventing COVID-19 and NCDs. The Russian sanitary-hygienic regulations support improving this factor with suitable requirements for ventilation, sewage, waste management, and disinfection. Herein, assessing isolation is possible through the hygienic self-isolation index

Post-COVID-19 Status and Its Physical, Nutritional, Psychological, and Social Effects in Working-Age Adults—A Prospective Questionnaire Study

Background: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the evolution of physical and daily routine, dietary habits, and mental and social health in individuals with recent COVID-19 infection. Methods: A qualitative prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 01 October 2021 to 01 March 2022, which included 80 working-age adults from the territory of Central Serbia who had PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the previous six months. Two structured pre-coded closed-ended questionnaires were submitted to the participants: a questionnaire about post-COVID-19 status (pCOVq) and a shortened version of the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: The presence of the COVID-19 disease in the previous period of 6 months among the working-age participants significantly affected the duration of aerobic, anaerobic, and high-intensity physical activities, but also the possibility of performing certain activities such as walking, which represents basic aerobic activity and a measure of general health among middle-aged participants. In the majority of cases (78%), in the post-COVID-19 period, participants indicated a decline in educational and productive activities. Conclusion: Post-COVID status in working-aged participants consists of reduced physical activity, lower quality of life, and similar nutritional habits. Health policies should be more focused on these findings

Oxidative Stress Mediated Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis is to explore all the available literature to obtain updated data about the potential use of antioxidants in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its ability to reduce disease progression and cardiovascular risk. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed strictly in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. English and Chinese databases were searched with a retrieval time up to March 2023. These databases included the PubMed, Embase, Medline Complete, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Collaboration, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP databases. This literature search was formulated by the two researchers independently. The search strategy consists of reading, collecting the literature, and conducting the preliminary screening. After that, they provide the final selection of the literature according to the inclusion criteria and data extraction. Also, for all studies, the risk bias was assessed to evaluate the quality of the included references. The content of the risk assessment of bias included the following criteria: random allocation method, allocation plan hiding, blind method, completeness of result data, and selectivity of reporting of results, as well as other biases. The main outcomes were clinical efficiency of antioxidant therapy (C-reactive protein, DAS28 score, HAQ, Number of tender joints, etc.) and oxidative stress indicators (catalase, superoxide dismutase, or total antioxidant capacity). Results: We observed, in most of the studies, the small or moderate effects of antioxidant treatment. The mean effect size is 0.525, and that means that moderate effects were observed in 30 selected RCTs. Also, this effect is confirmed in the 1652 patients with RA with the mean confidence interval of 0.276 (lower limit) and 0.983 (upper limit). Cohen coefficient was calculated at 0.05. Conclusion: The existing evidence is that antioxidants can reduce systemic and local oxidative stress and can reduce damage as the main agent involved in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis

Attitudes and Opinions of Biomedical Students: Digital Education Questionnaire

(1) Background: the purpose of this study was a preliminary analysis of current methods of online teaching at the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia, in order to define the attitudes of biomedical students about education during the COVID-19 pandemic and to validate of the education medical questionnaire (eMedQ), a new tool for the assessment of the students’ perceptions about digital education. (2) Methods: this was a qualitative cross-sectional observational study that used the originally developed 45-item questionnaire (eMedQ) as an assessment instrument conducted on biomedical students (n = 209) of all study years at the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac (Republic of Serbia), during winter semester or between September 2021 and January 2022. (3) Results: In this study, a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.904 was obtained, which indicated good internal consistency; the correlation matrix revealed many coefficients greater than 0.3, denoting high correlations between the items. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.866 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p < 0.001). The PCA revealed the presence of seven components with characteristic values over one, while three factors explained the highest percentage of variance. (4) Conclusions: this research developed and validated a new tool for evaluation of biomedical student perceptions about digital education