Total As and As Speciation in Italian Rice as Related to Producing Areas and Paddy Soils Properties

Rice and rice-based foodstuffs are important pathways for inorganic As dietary intake. This work shows a detailed picture of As content and speciation in Italian rice, which contributes to more than one-half of the European production, and addresses the role of soil chemistry and agronomic management on As concentration in rice grain, in view of ameliorative strategies. The mean total As content in Italian white rice was 155 ± 65 μg kg^–1 with significant differences among producing areas, while the mean inorganic As was 102 ± 26 μg kg^–1, largely below the E.U. limit of 200 μg kg^–1 for white rice, although part of the production would not be suitable for baby food production, which requires less than 100 μg kg^–1 of inorganic As. The differences in As content and speciation in rice among the studied areas resulted from the complex interactions of soil, plant, and anthropic factors. Among others, Si nutrition seemed to play a key role in regulating As transfer from soil to plant

MyDas Architecture.

<p>The requesters can interact with MyDas through the servlet, which communicates the commands to the Controller. The Controller knows which Data Sources have been implemented by querying the Configuration Manager. Data Sources should implement at least one of the provided Interfaces. MyDas internally implements the DAS model.</p

Flow of information in DAS.

<p>Interaction between a DAS client and the different DAS servers (i.e. Registry, Reference and Data Source).</p

A MyDas Source as displayed on the Ensembl client.

<p>The data source created during the MyDas tutorials as it is visualised on the Ensembl web browser.</p

Benchmarking between the main DAS servers.

<p>Benchmarking between the main DAS servers.</p