SOBREPESO COMO FATOR DE RISCO PARA HIPERTENSÃO EM ESCOLARES DE CASCAVEL, PARANÁ

The main objective of the study was evaluate the nutritional status and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in adolescents, aged between 14 and 19 years, enrolled in public schools in the city of Cascavel, Paraná.. There were 549 participants, who were evaluated according to criteria proposed by the World Health Organization and Cole et al. For nutritional assessment and risk factors anthropometric measurements of weight and height to calculate body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure were collected, all of which were evaluated following recommendations of the Brazilian Cardiology Society. The prevalence of overweight was 14.39% and 13.39% for the World Health Organization and Cole et al., respectively. The presence of cardiovascular risk was assessed by in 10.02% of adolescents and high arterial blood pressure was observed in 17.85% (n = 98) of adolescents, prevailing again in males. Therefore, the conclusion is that obesity and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent being necessary to intervein in the eating habits of this group, keeping them under surveillance with regular studies to promote health and prevent diseases in the adulthood.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional y los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de problemas cardiovasculares em escolares de la escuela pública con edad entre 14 e 19 años. Han sido evaluados 549 adolescentes, a través de la colección de peso y talla para calcular índice de masa corporal, evaluados de acuerdo a criterios propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y Cole et al. La circunferencia de la cintura y la presión arterial se obtuvieron para el análisis del riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, que han sido evaluadas siguiendo las directrices de la Sociedad Brasileña de Cardiología. La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue 14,39% e 13,39% para Organización Mundial de la Salud e Cole et al., respectivamente. La presencia de riesgo cardiovascular se encontró en el 10.02% de los adolescentes y la elevación de presión arterial se ha verificado en 17.85% (n = 98) adolescentes, los riesgos fueron más frecuentes en varones. Se concluye que el sobrepeso y los factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares mostraron alta prevalencia, siendo las medidas de intervención necesarias en relación con los hábitos de alimentación de los adolescentes, mantener la vigilancia para promover la salud y prevenir enfermedades en la vida adulta, a través de estudios periódicos.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de problemas cardiovasculares em escolares da rede pública com idade entre 14 e 19 anos. Foram avaliados 549 adolescentes, por meio da coleta de peso e estatura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal, avaliados segundo critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e Cole et al. A circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial foram verificadas para análise do risco de doenças cardiovasculares, os quais foram avaliados segundo as diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi 14,39% e 13,39% pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e Cole et al., respectivamente. A presença de risco cardiovascular foi encontrada em 10,02% dos adolescentes e a elevação da pressão arterial foi verificada em 17,85% (n=98), todos os riscos foram mais prevalentes no sexo masculino. Conclui-se que o sobrepeso e os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares apresentaram alta prevalência, sendo necessárias medidas de intervenção em relação ao hábito alimentar dos adolescentes, mantendo vigilância para promover a saúde e prevenir doenças na vida adulta, por meio de estudos periódicos

Duodenal-jejunal Bypass Restores Insulin Action And I'eta-cell Function In Hypothalamic-obese Rats

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Bariatric operations are frequently used to improve metabolic profile and comorbidities in obese subjects, but the effects of this procedure in hypothalamic-obese (HyO) patients are controversial. Here, using HyO rats, we investigate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) upon obesity, serum lipid levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin action and secretion. Hypothalamic obesity was induced in male rats by the administration of monosodium glutamate [4 g/kg body weight (BW), HyO group] during the first 5 days of life. Control (CTL) group received saline (1.25 g/kg BW). At 90 days of age, HyO rats were submitted to DJB (HyO DJB group) or sham surgery. After 2 months, lipid levels, glucose tolerance, obesity parameters, and insulin sensitivity and secretion were verified. HyO rats displayed obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia. A higher HOMA-IR and no alteration in the ratio of phospho (p)-Akt related to Akt protein content in the liver, after insulin stimulus, demonstrated that HyO rats were insulin resistant. Islets isolated from HyO rats hypersecreted insulin in response to glucose and carbachol (Cch). At 2 months after DJB, HyO rats still displayed higher fat stores, but showed normal serum lipids and insulin levels. The HyO DJB group displayed better glucose tolerance, associated with a normal hepatic insulin activation of Akt. Normal glucose and Cch-induced insulin secretion was observed in HyO DJB islets. DJB ameliorated glucose homeostasis, restored hepatic insulin action, and normalized islet function in HyO rats, indicating that this surgery may be useful for the treatment of hypothalamic obesity.254656665Fundacao AraucariaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Improvement in the expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid metabolism in obese rats supplemented with taurine

CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOAims: Fat deposition in the liver, which leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity. Taurine (Tau) regulates lipid metabolism, representing a possible nutraceutical agent against obesity and its comorbidities. Here, we investigated whether Tau supplementation prevents hepatic lipid accumulation by regulation of the main hepatic genes involved in de nova lipogenesis and beta-oxidation. Main methods: Male rats received subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4 mg/kg body weight/day) or saline (control group, CTL) during the first 5 days of life. From 21 to 120 days of age, half of each of the MSG and CTL groups received 2.5% Tau in drinking water (CTau and MTau). Key findings: MSG-treated rats were normoglycemic, hypertriglyceridemic and insulin resistant (IR). MSG rats also exhibited massive obesity and higher hepatic triglyceride (TG) content. This effect was associated with enhanced gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), but reduced carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), microsomal TG transfer protein (MTP) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1a mRNAs in MSG livers. Tau supplementation decreased whole body fat accumulation and serum TG levels, without altering IR. Tau also normalized hepatic TG content by enhancing ChREBP, MTP, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, ACO (acyl-CoA oxidase) and CPT-1a gene expressions. Significance: Therefore, increased hepatic TG deposition in MSG-obese rats is associated with an enhanced FASN, and reduced MTP and CPT-1a genes. Tau supplementation prevented obesity and hepatic TG deposition by upregulating MTP mRNA, ameliorating hepatic lipid efflux, and consequently enhancing PPAR-alpha which increases lipid oxidation through ACO and CPT-1a gene expressions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fat deposition in the liver, which leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity. Taurine (Tau) regulates lipid metabolism, representing a possible nutraceutical agent against obesity and its comorbidities. Here, we investigated whether Tau supplementation prevents hepatic lipid accumulation by regulation of the main hepatic genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and beta-oxidation. Male rats received subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4 mg/kg body weight/day) or saline (control group, CTL) during the first 5 days of life. From 21 to 120 days of age, half of each of the MSG and CTL groups received 2.5% Tau in drinking water (CTau and MTau). MSG-treated rats were normoglycemic, hypertriglyceridemic and insulin resistant (IR). MSG rats also exhibited massive obesity and higher hepatic triglyceride (TG) content. This effect was associated with enhanced gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), but reduced carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), microsomal TG transfer protein (MTP) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1a mRNAs in MSG livers. Tau supplementation decreased whole body fat accumulation and serum TG levels, without altering IR. Tau also normalized hepatic TG content by enhancing ChREBP, MTP, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, ACO (acyl-CoA oxidase) and CPT-1a gene expressions. Therefore, increased hepatic TG deposition in MSG-obese rats is associated with an enhanced FASN, and reduced MTP and CPT-1a genes. Tau supplementation prevented obesity and hepatic TG deposition by upregulating MTP mRNA, ameliorating hepatic lipid efflux, and consequently enhancing PPAR-alpha which increases lipid oxidation through ACO and CPT-1a gene expressions1351521CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCNPq [480523/2012-7]480523/2012-

Taurine supplementation in high-fat diet fed male mice attenuates endocrine pancreatic dysfunction in their male offspring

Obesity in fathers leads to DNA damage and epigenetic changes in sperm that may carry potential risk factors for metabolic diseases to the next generation. Taurine (TAU) supplementation has demonstrated benefits against testicular dysfunction and pancreatic islet impairments induced by obesity, but it is not known if these protective actions prevent the propagation of metabolic disruptions to the next generation; as such, we hypothesized that paternal obesity may increase the probability of endocrine pancreatic dysfunction in offspring, and that this could be prevented by TAU supplementation in male progenitors. To test this, male C57Bl/6 mice were fed on a control diet (CTL) or a high-fat diet (HFD) without or with 5% TAU in their drinking water (CTAU and HTAU) for 4months. Subsequently, all groups of mice were mated with CTL females, and the F1 offspring were identified as: CTL-F1, CTAU-F1, HFD-F1, and HTAU-F1. HFD-fed mice were normoglycemic, but glucose intolerant and their islets hypersecreted insulin. However, at 90days of age, HFD-F1 offspring displayed normal glucose homeostasis and adiposity, but reduced glucose-induced insulin release. HFD-F1 islets also exhibited - and -cell hypotrophy, and lower -cell number per islet. Paternal TAU supplementation prevented the decrease in glucose-induced insulin secretion and normalized -cell size and -cell number, and increased -cell size/islet in HTAU-F1 mice. In conclusion, HFD consumption by male founders decreases -cell secretion and islet-cell distribution in their offspring. TAU attenuates the deleterious effects of paternal obesity on insulin secretion and islet-cell morphology in F1 offspring514727738CNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoE-26/203.632/2015)sem informaçãoFAPERJ - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeir

Combined oral contraceptive in female mice causes hyperinsulinemia due to beta-cell hypersecretion and reduction in insulin clearance

Oral contraception is the most commonly used interventional method in the world. However, several women employ the continuous use of these hormones to avoid pre- and menstruation discomforts. Some studies indicate that oral contraceptives are associated with disturbances in glycemia and the effects of the use of a continuous regime are poorly elucidated. Herein, we evaluated the effects of the continuous administration of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) composed by ethinyl estradiol (EE) and drospirenone (DRSP) on glucose homeostasis in female mice. Adult Swiss mice received 0.6 mu g EE and 60 mu g DRSP (COC group) or vehicle [control (CTL)] daily by gavage for 35 days. COC treatment had no effect on body weight or adiposity, but increased uterus weight and induced hepatomegaly. Importantly, COC females displayed normal glycemia and glucose tolerance, but hyperinsulinemia and lower plasma C-peptide/insulin ratio, indicating reduced insulin clearance. Furthermore, COC mice displayed reduced protein content of the beta subunit of the insulin receptor (IR beta) in the liver. Additionally, pancreatic islets isolated from COC mice secreted more insulin in response to increasing glucose concentrations. This effect was associated with the activity of steroid hormones, since INS-1E cells incubated with EE plus DRSP also secreted more insulin. Therefore, we provide the first evidence that the continuous administration of EE and DRSP lead to hyperinsulinemia, due to enhancement of insulin secretion and the reduction of insulin degradation, which possibly lead to the down-regulation of hepatic IR beta. These findings suggest that the continuous administration of COC could cause insulin resistance with the prolongation of treatment1905463CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO CARLOS CHAGAS FILHO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO - FAPERJFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãosem informaçãoE-26/203.249/2017sem informaçã