EXPANSÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR E UNIVERSIDADES COMUNITÁRIAS: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS E DESAFIOS PARA A GESTÃO

A expansão é tendência marcante da educação superior brasileira nas últimas década. A educação como bem público e estratégico para a melhora da sociedade, traz desdobramentos educacionais, sociais e econômicos. O objetivo do trabalho é explicitar a expansão da educação superior brasileira, a partir de políticas públicas, nos últimos anos, tendo como mote analítico universidades comunitárias e desafios para a gestão. A abordagem teórico-metodológica se assenta em princípios de análise de documentos (políticas públicas e estudos prévios), em estatísticas oficiais e em noções das racionalidades de regulação e de emancipação. Inicialmente são apresentados pontos de políticas públicas brasileiras direcionadas para a expansão da educação superior, procurando destacar racionalidades e desdobramentos nas estatíticas oficiais. A seguir são tecidos comentários sobre a universidade comunitária a partir dos quais são identificados desafios para a gestão da universidade. O estudo conclui que os desafios passam pela questão do público e do privado, entendendo as universidades comunitárias, como públicas não-estatais

Heights and transcendence of pp--adic continued fractions

Special kinds of continued fractions have been proved to converge to transcendental real numbers by means of the celebrated Subspace Theorem. In this paper we study the analogous $p$--adic problem. More specifically, we deal with Browkin $p$--adic continued fractions. First we give some new remarks about the Browkin algorithm in terms of a $p$--adic Euclidean algorithm. Then, we focus on the heights of some $p$--adic numbers having a periodic $p$--adic continued fraction expansion and we obtain some upper bounds. Finally, we exploit these results, together with $p$--adic Roth-like results, in order to prove the transcendence of two families of $p$--adic continued fractions.Comment: 13 pages, correction of a mistake in the previous versio

Coset topologies on Z\mathbb{Z} and arithmetic applications

We provide a construction which covers as special cases many of the topologies on integers one can find in the literature. Moreover, our analysis of the Golomb and Kirch topologies inserts them in a family of connected, Hausdorff topologies on $\mathbb{Z}$, obtained from closed sets of the profinite completion $\hat{\mathbb{Z}}$. We also discuss various applications to number theory.Comment: Corrected a few minor mistakes; added more detailed explanations, examples and references. Submitted versio

Dendritic cells require a systemic type I interferon response to mature and induce CD4+ Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant

Relative to several other toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, we found polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC) to be the most effective adjuvant for Th1 CD4+ T cell responses to a dendritic cell (DC)-targeted HIV gag protein vaccine in mice. To identify mechanisms for adjuvant action in the intact animal and the polyclonal T cell repertoire, we found poly IC to be the most effective inducer of type I interferon (IFN), which was produced by DEC-205+ DCs, monocytes, and stromal cells. Antibody blocking or deletion of type I IFN receptor showed that IFN was essential for DC maturation and development of CD4+ immunity. The IFN-AR receptor was directly required for DCs to respond to poly IC. STAT 1 was also essential, in keeping with the type I IFN requirement, but not type II IFN or IL-12 p40. Induction of type I IFN was mda5 dependent, but DCs additionally used TLR3. In bone marrow chimeras, radioresistant and, likely, nonhematopoietic cells were the main source of IFN, but mda5 was required in both marrow-derived and radioresistant host cells for adaptive responses. Therefore, the adjuvant action of poly IC requires a widespread innate type I IFN response that directly links antigen presentation by DCs to adaptive immunity

Neem oil nanoemulsions: characterisation and antioxidant activity

The aim of the present work is to develop nanoemulsions (NEs), nanosized emulsions, manufactured for improving the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In particular, nanoemulsions composed of Neem seed oil, contain rich bioactive components, and Tween 20 as nonionic surfactant were prepared. A mean droplet size ranging from 10 to 100nm was obtained by modulating the oil/surfactant ratio. Physicochemical characterisation was carried out evaluating size, f-potential, microviscosity, polarity and turbidity of the external shell and morphology, along with stability in simulated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), activity of Neem oil alone and in NEs, HEp-2 cell interaction and cytotoxicity studies. This study confirms the formation of NEs by Tween 20 and Neem oil at different weight ratios with small and homogenous dimensions. The antioxidant activity of Neem oil alone and in NEs was comparable, whereas its cytotoxicity was strongly reduced when loaded in NEs after interaction with HEp-2 cells

Modulation of CD4+ T cell responses by CD59a

CD59 is a GPI-anchored protein found in membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts. It is a complement regulator protein, which blocks the formation of the membrane attack complex by inhibiting binding of C9 to the C5-8 complex. Human CD59 has also been described as a co-stimulator of T cell activation. The aim of this project was to analyze the role of CD59 on T cell activation in vivo. For this purpose, anti-viral CD4+ T cell responses were analyzed in mice deficient in the mouse analogue of CD59 CD59a. Infection with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) and influenza virus, resulted in stronger virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses in Cd59a -/- mice compared to WT mice. This effect, which indicates that CD59a downmodulates antigen-specific T cell activity, was found to be complement independent. Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of CD59 expression on human CD4+ T cells. Blocking CD59 increased proliferation of the cells in vitro indicating that CD59 might similarly downmodulate human CD4+ T cell activity. Using mouse T cells, mechanisms underlying the effect of CD59a on CD4+ T cell activity were investigated. Results of these studies indicated that downmodulation of T cell activity through CD59a requires engagement of CD59a with a ligand expressed on APCs. To assess the biological consequences of CD59a deficiency, the extent of immunopathology induced following infection with influenza virus was compared in WT and Cd59a-/- mice. Immunopathology was exacerbated in Cd59a-/- mice, correlating with increased numbers of neutrophils and CD4+ T cells in infected lungs. When complement was inhibited, lung-infiltrating neutrophils in Cd59a-/- mice were much reduced while numbers of infiltrating-CD4+ T cell remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that CD59a is more than a regulator of complement but can in fact, alter both the innate and adaptive immune responses using both complement dependent and independent mechanisms.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

GIULIO TARRA TRADUTTORE DAL FRANCESE

Con Il Libro pel bambino, Don Giulio Tarra risultò il vincitore di due concorsi indetti dal Congresso Pedagogico Italiano nel 1861: quello per un libro di lettura destinato ai bambini sordomuti e l’altro per un libro destinato alle scuole rurali. Fra le opere del Tarra pubblicate da Paolo Carrara è menzionato il volumetto “Lezioni in famiglia, versione da M. Carraud”. Questo contributo intende offrire alcuni elementi d’informazione su Zulma Carraud, autrice delle Historiettes véritables pour les enfants de quatre à huit ans, titolo originale della raccolta di racconti tradotta da Don Giulio. Il libro era uscito a Parigi nel 1864 per i tipi di Hachette. In precedenza lo stesso editore aveva accolto le prime opere di Zulma nelle collane destinate alla scuola primaria. A pochi anni di distanza l’uno dall’altra, la Carraud nella Francia del II Impero e il Tarra nell’Italia postunitaria, entrambi hanno contribuito con i loro “libri di lettura” allo sviluppo dell’editoria per la scuola e per l’infanzia.   Giulio Tarra translator from French With the volume entitled Il Libro pel bambino, Don Giulio Tarra won two literary competitions held in 1861 by the Congresso Pedagogico Italiano: the first was dedicated to books for deaf-mute chidren, the second to books for rural schools. Among Tarra’s works published by Paolo Carrara we find “Lezioni in famiglia, versione da M. Carraud”. This article provides some information about Zulma Carraud, the author of the collection of novels entitled: Historiettes véritables pour les enfants de quatre à huit ans published by Hachette in 1864 and translated into Italian by Don Giulio. Previously the same publisher had collected Zulma’s first works in a series to be used in primary schools. Carraud, during the Second Empire period in France, and Tarra, in post-Unity Italy, both contributed to the development of the publishing industry for schools and children with their educational and entertaining books