Tremor: adaptação de uma escala clínica Tremor: adaptation of a clinical scale

Adaptamos a escala clínica para avaliação de tremor de Fahn, Tolosa e Marín para a monitorização em nosso meio dos pacientes com tremor. Aplicamos essa escala em 123 pacientes com esse distúrbio do movimento, sem restrição etiológica ou de faixa etária, selecionados aleatoriamente no Ambulatório de Medicina Integral e no Serviço de Pronto Atendimento do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Embora tenham sido observadas algumas variáveis influenciando nos escores da escala, estas não parecem ser relevantes para alterar a padronização da mesma e sua aplicabilidade clínica.The Fahn, Tolosae Mann's clinical rating scale for tremor was adapted to our country for evaluation of tremor. This scale was applied to 123 patients with this movement disorder, selected from the Ambulatory of General Medicine at Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto from Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. These patients had been chosen no matter the etiology of their condition or their age. Although some variants may had influenced the scores of this particular scale, they did not seem to change its standardization and applicability

Múltiplos tuberculomas intracerebrais na vigência de terapia específica para tuberculose pulmonar: a propósito de um caso Intracranial tuberculomas developing during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: case report

A forma clássica de apresentação da neurotuberculose é a meningite. Os tuberculomas cerebrais são formas raras de neurotuberculose e resultam da disseminação hematogênica de focos distantes de infecção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Aproximadamente 1% dos pacientes com tuberculose do sistema nervoso central desenvolve tuberculomas intracranianos, poucas semanas ou meses após o início da quimioterapia tuberculostática. A involução das lesões é lenta e não necessariamente significa resistência medicamentosa ou falta de aderência ao tratamento. Descrevemos o caso, diagnosticado e tratado na 25ª Enfermaria da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, de um paciente imunocompetente que apresentou meningite e tuberculomas múltiplos do sistema nervoso central, durante o tratamento específico de tuberculose miliar. A literatura é revisada e o diagnóstico, terapêutica e possíveis mecanismos imunológicos são discutidos.<br>The classical presentation of neurotuberculosis is meningitis. Intracranial tuberculomas are a rare manifestation of neurotuberculosis and are due to hematogenous dissemination of distant focuses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Around 1% of patients with central nervous system tuberculosis develop intracranial tuberculomas some weeks or months after the beginning of the specific treatment with tuberculostatic chemotherapy. The involution of the lesions is slow and does not mean drug resistance nor lack of adequate treatment. We describe the case, diagnosed and treated at the 25th Infirmary of Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, of an immunocompetent male patient who developed meningitis and multiple intracranial tuberculomas during the specific treatment of miliary tuberculosis. The literature is revised and the diagnosis, treatment and possible immunological mechanisms are discussed

The IIDD spectrum in SA: The frequency of all categories and subcategories.

<p>IIDD = inflammatory idiopathic demyelinating disease; ADEM = acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; CIS = clinical isolated syndrome; MS = multiple sclerosis; RRMS = relapsing remitting at onset; PPMS = primary progressive; NMO = neuromyelitis optica; NMOSDs = NMO spectrum disorders; LETM = longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.</p

Central Nervous System Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders in South Americans: A Descriptive, Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

<div><p>The idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease (IIDD) spectrum has been investigated among different populations, and the results have indicated a low relative frequency of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) among multiple sclerosis (MS) cases in whites (1.2%-1.5%), increasing in Mestizos (8%) and Africans (15.4%-27.5%) living in areas of low MS prevalence. South America (SA) was colonized by Europeans from the Iberian Peninsula, and their miscegenation with natives and Africans slaves resulted in significant racial mixing. The current study analyzed the IIDD spectrum in SA after accounting for the ethnic heterogeneity of its population. A cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. Only individuals followed in 2011 with a confirmed diagnosis of IIDD using new diagnostic criteria were considered eligible. Patients’ demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. In all, 1,917 individuals from 22 MS centers were included (73.7% female, 63.0% white, 28.0% African, 7.0% Mestizo, and 0.2% Asian). The main disease categories and their associated frequencies were MS (76.9%), NMO (11.8%), other NMO syndromes (6.5%), CIS (3.5%), ADEM (1.0%), and acute encephalopathy (0.4%). Females predominated in all main categories. The white ethnicity also predominated, except in NMO. Except in ADEM, the disease onset occurred between 20 and 39 years old, early onset in 8.2% of all cases, and late onset occurred in 8.9%. The long-term morbidity after a mean disease time of 9.28±7.7 years was characterized by mild disability in all categories except in NMO, which was scored as moderate. Disease time among those with MS was positively correlated with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score (r=0.374; p=<0.001). This correlation was not observed in people with NMO or those with other NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Among patients with NMO, 83.2% showed a relapsing-remitting course, and 16.8% showed a monophasic course. The NMO-IgG antibody tested using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) with a composite substrate of mouse tissues in 200 NMOSD cases was positive in people with NMO (95/162; 58.6%), longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (10/30; 33.3%) and bilateral or recurrent optic neuritis (8/8; 100%). No association of NMO-IgG antibody positivity was found with gender, age at onset, ethnicity, early or late onset forms, disease course, or long-term severe disability. The relative frequency of NMO among relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) + NMO cases in SA was 14.0%. Despite the high degree of miscegenation found in SA, MS affects three quarters of all patients with IIDD, mainly white young women who share similar clinical characteristics to those in Western populations in the northern hemisphere, with the exception of ethnicity; approximately one-third of all cases occur among non-white individuals. At the last assessment, the majority of RRMS patients showed mild disability, and the risk for secondary progression was significantly superior among those of African ethnicity. NMO comprises 11.8% of all IIDD cases in SA, affecting mostly young African-Brazilian women, evolving with a recurrent course and causing moderate or severe disability in both ethnic groups. The South-North gradient with increasing NMO and non-white individuals from Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil and Venezuela confirmed previous studies showing a higher frequency of NMO among non-white populations.</p></div

The IIDD spectrum in SA by ethnicity.

<p>IIDD = inflammatory idiopathic demyelinating disease, MS = multiple sclerosis; NMO = neuromyelitis optica; NMOSD = NMO syndrome; CIS = clinical isolated syndrome; ADEM = acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; acute IIDD with encephalopathy;</p

The IIDD spectrum in SA: The frequency of all categories and subcategories.

<p>IIDD = inflammatory idiopathic demyelinating disease; ADEM = acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; CIS = clinical isolated syndrome; MS = multiple sclerosis; RRMS = relapsing remitting at onset; PPMS = primary progressive; NMO = neuromyelitis optica; NMOSDs = NMO spectrum disorders; LETM = longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.</p