Resistência de cultivares de batata-doce a Euscepes postfasciatus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Foram estudadas 40 cultivares de batata-doce Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck, objetivando avaliar a resistência ao ataque da broca Euscepes postfasciatus Fairmaire. Numa primeira fase da pesquisa foi medida a atratividade, a não-preferência para alimentação e oviposição em ramas e raízes. Dos resultados foram escolhidas oito cultivares resistentes e duas suscetíveis. Numa segunda fase utilizaram-se raízes das cultivares escolhidas para estudar a resistência a E. postfasciatus. Ramas e raízes foram oferecidas a adultos da broca em arenas com livre chance de escolha, com seis repetições. As avaliações foram feitas aos 5, 10, 30, 60 min., 3h e 24h após a liberação. O melhor tamanho de rama, entre os testados, a ser utilizado foi o de 35 cm. Os adultos da broca ao serem liberados nas arenas, dirigiram-se rapidamente para o material e atacaram as mais atrativas, prioritariamente nos ramos mais grossos ou na inserção das folhas. As cultivares com ramas menos atrativas foram: Rocha da Paz, Mineira, Lagartixa e Bom Nome, sendo que os tubérculos das cultivares Lagartixa e Bom Nome também foram menos danificados e juntamente com Caboatã, não preferidas para oviposição. As raízes e ramas das cultivares Granfina e UFRPE foram as mais atrativas e as mais danificadas portanto devem ser evitadas, enquanto que as cultivares Lagartixa e Bom Nome devem ser recomendadas pelo seu melhore desempenho.Forty sweet potato cultivars Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck were studied in relation to their resistance to Euscepes postfasciatus Fairmaire. Firstly the attractivity and non-preference for feeding and oviposition on stems and roots were evaluated. From the results, eight resistant and two susceptible cultivars were selected. Secondly roots from selected cultivars were used to study the sweet potato resistance to E. postfasciatus. Sweet potato stems and roots were offered to adults of E. postfasciatus in arenas with free choice tests with six replications. Evaluations were carried out after 5, 10, 30, 60 min, 3h and 24h. The better length of stems, among those tested was 35 cm. Sweet potato weevil adults when released in arenas, quickly attached the more attractive plants, preferring the thick stems or leaves insertion. The cultivars with less attractive stems were: Rocha da Paz, Mineira, Lagartixa and Bom Nome. Roots from Lagartixa and Bom Nome cultivars were less damaged. These cultivars and Caboatã were not preferred to oviposition. Roots and stems from Granfina and UFRPE cultivars were more attractive and more damaged. These cultivars must be avoided while Lagartixa and Bom Nome are recommended to be cultivated in areas with the sweet potato weevil

Palma Forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill) em Substituição à Silagem de Sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) na Alimentação de Vacas Leiteiras Replacement of Forage Cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill) for Sorghum Silage (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in the Dairy Cows Feeding

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de vacas da raça Holandesa em lactação, alimentadas com rações contendo diferentes níveis (0, 12, 24 e 36%) de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill) em substituição à silagem de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Foram utilizadas oito vacas distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos (4x4). Cada período experimental teve duração de 21 dias, sendo 14 destinados à adaptação dos animais às rações e sete para coleta. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS), em kg/dia, % de PV e em relação ao peso metabólico (g/kg0,75), e matéria orgânica e carboidratos totais, expressos em kg/dia, não foram influenciados pela adição de palma na ração, apresentando valores médios de 20,18; 3,41; 167,80; 18,86; e 14,85, respectivamente. O consumo de carboidratos não-fibrosos, em kg/dia, aumentou, e os de fibra em detergente neutro, em kg/dia e % de PV, fibra em detergente ácido; proteína bruta e extrato etéreo, expressos em kg/dia, diminuíram linearmente com a inclusão de palma na ração. O consumo de sódio não foi influenciado pela adição de palma na ração, com valor médio de 29,45g/dia. Os consumos de potássio e magnésio aumentaram e o de fósforo diminuiu linearmente com a adição de palma na ração. Não houve efeito da inclusão de palma sobre a produção de leite com e sem correção para 3,5% de gordura, cujos valores médios foram de 25,01 e 26,97kg/dia, respectivamente. O teor de gordura do leite foi influenciado de forma quadrática, sendo o teor máximo estimado em 4,08%, com 20,51% de palma na ração. A conversão alimentar aumentou linearmente com a inclusão de palma.<br>The experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of lactating Holstein cows fed diet with different replacement levels (0, 12, 24 and 36%) of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill) for sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Eight cows were assigned to a two 4x4 latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 21 days, 14 days for adaptation and 7 days for data collection. The intakes of dry matter (DM) in kg/day, % of live weight (LW) and g/kg0,75, organic matter and total carbohydrates in kg/day, were not affected by the forage cactus levels (20.18, 3.41, 167.80, 18.86, and 14.85, respectively). The nonfiber carbohydrates (kg/day) intake increased and the intakes of neutral detergent fiber (kg/day and % of LW), acid detergent fiber, crude protein and ether extract (kg/day) linearly decreased as the forage cactus levels increased. The sodium intake was not affected by the inclusion of forage cactus, with average value of 29.45g/day. The potassium and magnesium intake increased and phosphorus intake linearly decreased. The milk production and fat corrected milk was not affected by the forage cactus levels (25.01 and 26.97 kg/day, respectively). There was a quadratic effect of levels of forage cactus on the milk fat concentration, with maximum milk fat of 4.08% with 20.51% of forage cactus. Feed:milk production ratio linearly decreased as the forage cactus levels increased

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora