Stakeholder collaboration in a prospective World Heritage Area: The case of Kokoda and the Owen Stanley Ranges

The process of listing a World Heritage Area (WHA)c in developing countries is often much more complex than in the West. Often all stakeholders are not taken into consideration and there is a lack of understanding of the concept of World Heritage and what it entails. This is particularly true for stakeholders who live in or adjacent to the proposed WHA, such as local communities. This paper presents a case study of Kokoda and the Owen Stanley Ranges, currently a tentative World Heritage site, to show the complexities in stakeholder collaboration and attribution in the process of World Heritage designation. Six key stakeholders were identified in the study. Upon examination of four attributes of stakeholders: power; legitimacy; urgency; and proximity, it was found that all stakeholders in this case study have a high legitimacy in the listing process however only the local community holds high levels of power, urgency and proximity. Additionally it was found that several stakeholders, like the private sector, have too many weak relationships with other stakeholders, resulting in a lack of communication. These findings present the first step in understanding how it might be possible to improve the listing process of World Heritage Sites in developing countries through effective stakeholder collaboration

“It’s all about making choices”: Paradigms of moral practice in a Catholic Primary School

The research undertaken for this investigation took place at a time when social media gave greater exposure to morally questionable actions by prominent politicians and celebrities. At the same time, faith schools underwent a major change in their structure as Multi-Academy Trusts were set up across diocesan regions. The social milieu that existed leads to serious concerns about the moral atmosphere that exists in the so-called “meta-verse” and its impact on both the well-being of children and their moral development. This research was an ethnographic study of a single Roman Catholic primary school and explored the perceptions of various actors, consisting of children and adults, and their interactions as a community of faith that strives to negotiate this moral maze in a period of societal and educational upheaval. The study works at an interface between a range of psychological theories, the moral doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, and the Ecological Theory of Bronfenbrenner which posits the interaction of multiple factors that influence the final outcomes in the moral development of the children concerned. The findings from observations, field notes, and a series of interviews with teachers and pupils at the school are explored through these three lenses. Findings suggest that the school is in a strong position to resist the onslaught of secularisation and academisation. Children are offered a range of experiences which enable moral growth to take place in a supportive environment which interprets the teachings of the Catholic Church in terms of the many ecologies which the children inhabit. Implications suggest an ongoing need for adult formation, both in parishes and in the teaching profession, if a truly Catholic moral environment is to be sustained in homes and schools

“It’s all about making choices”: Paradigms of moral practice in a Catholic Primary School

The research undertaken for this investigation took place at a time when social media gave greater exposure to morally questionable actions by prominent politicians and celebrities. At the same time, faith schools underwent a major change in their structure as Multi-Academy Trusts were set up across diocesan regions. The social milieu that existed leads to serious concerns about the moral atmosphere that exists in the so-called “meta-verse” and its impact on both the well-being of children and their moral development. This research was an ethnographic study of a single Roman Catholic primary school and explored the perceptions of various actors, consisting of children and adults, and their interactions as a community of faith that strives to negotiate this moral maze in a period of societal and educational upheaval. The study works at an interface between a range of psychological theories, the moral doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, and the Ecological Theory of Bronfenbrenner which posits the interaction of multiple factors that influence the final outcomes in the moral development of the children concerned. The findings from observations, field notes, and a series of interviews with teachers and pupils at the school are explored through these three lenses. Findings suggest that the school is in a strong position to resist the onslaught of secularisation and academisation. Children are offered a range of experiences which enable moral growth to take place in a supportive environment which interprets the teachings of the Catholic Church in terms of the many ecologies which the children inhabit. Implications suggest an ongoing need for adult formation, both in parishes and in the teaching profession, if a truly Catholic moral environment is to be sustained in homes and schools

Obserwacja długoterminowa u pacjentów z wszczepialnym kardiowerterem- -defibrylatorem i poddanych terapii resynchronizującej oraz bez niej

Introduction. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with or without resynchronisation therapy (CRT-D) is an effective treatment in heart failure patients (pts.).  Materials and methods. We retrospectively analysed 60 patients (50/60; 83.33% male) with implanted ICD or CRT-D followed-up in the Cardiology Department between May 1995 and February 2019 who had undergone at least one device exchange.  Results. Women rarely received ICD, and especially ICD with CRT-D, compared to men [9/26 females in ICD and 1/24 in CRT-D group (p = 0.035) OR 8.31 95% CI (0.98–70.56)] and presented higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (38.11 ± 12.74% vs 29.65 ± 12.63, p = 0.027). CRT-D in our patients was implanted mainly as primary prevention [22/25 vs 18/35 (p = 0.0726) OR 6.93 95% CI (1.75–27.43)] and in patients with a lower LVEF compared to the ICD- only patients [24.75 ± 8.98 vs 35.52 ± 13.55% (p = 0.001)]. Technical analysis of endocardial lead parameters at im- plantation and at the final follow-up revealed a decrease in impedance in cases of atrial, defibrillator and left-ventricular leads. In the ICD-only group, atrial impedance was 280.03 ± 335.3 vs 218.29 ± 229.48 ohm (p = 0.0018), and defi- brillator lead impedance was 768.66 ± 210.62 vs 507.03 ± 131.67 ohm (p &lt; 0.001) (at implantation vs final follow-up respectively). In the ICD plus CRT-D group, mean atrial lead impedance was 511.05 ± 271.30 vs 388.55 ± 231.75 ohm (p = 0.007), impedance of the defibrillator lead was 698.95 ± 165.45 vs 547.13 ± 385.24 ohm (p = 0.002), and impe- dance of the left-ventricular lead was 1,036.28 ± 337.34 vs 794.87 ± 274.99 ohm (p &lt; 0.001).  Conclusion. Women receive CRT-D therapy less often than men. CRT-D is implanted in pts. with lower LVEF and mainly as primary prevention. All endocardial leads impedance decreased with the passing of time. Wprowadzenie. Wszczepialny kardiowerter-defibrylator (ICD) z terapią resynchronizującą (CRT-D) oraz bez niej stanowi efektywny element leczenia u pacjentów z niewydolnością serca.  Metody i wyniki. Sześćdziesięciu pacjentów (50/60; 83,33% mężczyzn) pozostających pod opieką kliniki kardiologii w la- tach od maja 1995 roku do lutego 2019 roku z wszczepionym ICD/CRT-D, u których wykonano przynajmniej jedną wy- mianę urządzenia, poddano retrospektywnej analizie. Kobietom rzadziej wszczepieniu zarówno ICD, jak i CRT-D niż męż- czyznom (9/26 kobiet w grupie z ICD oraz 1/24 w grupie z CRT-D [p = 0,035], iloraz szans [OR] 8.31 95-proc. przedział ufności [CI] 0,98–70,56). Panie charakteryzowały się wyższą frakcją wyrzutową lewej komory (LVEF) (38,11 ± 12,74% v. 29,65 ± 12,63 [p = 0,027]). U opisywanych chorych CRT-D wszczepiano głównie w ramach w prewencji pierwotnej (22/25 v. 18/35 [p = 0,0726], OR 6,93 95% CI 1,75–27,43) oraz u pacjentów z niższą LVEF niż u osób z ICD (24,75 ± 8,98 v. 35,52 ± 13,55%; p = 0,001). Analiza parametrów technicznych elektrod endokawitarnych wykazała obniżenie oporności, gdy porównano parametry z dnia wszczepienia i ostatniej wizyty kontrolnej. W grupie z wszczepionym ICD oporność elektrod przedsionkowych wynosiła 280,03 ± 335,3 w porównaniu z 218,29 ± 229,48 omów (p = 0,0018), a elektrod defibrylujących 768,66 ± 210,62 w porównaniu z 507,03 ± 131,67 omów (p < 0,001) (dzień implantacji v. ostatnia kontrola). W grupie poddanych CRT-D średnia oporność elektrod przedsionkowych wynosiła 511,05 ± 271,30 w porównaniu z 388,55 ± 231,75 omów (p = 0,007), elektrod defibrylujących 698,95 ± 165,45 w porównaniu z 547,13 ± 385,24 omów (p = 0,002), a elektrod lewokomorowych 1036,28 ± 337,34 w porównaniu z 794,87 ± 274,99 omów (p < 0,001), gdy porównano dzień implantacji z dniem ostatniej kontroli.  Wnioski. Kobiety podlegają terapii resynchronizującej znacznie rzadziej niż mężczyźni. Ponadto CRT-D poddano pacjen- tów z niższą LVEF, głównie w ramach prewencji pierwotnej. Oporność wszystkich elektrod ulegała obniżeniu z upływa- jącym czasem.

Biological characterization, mechanistic investigation and structure‐activity relationships of chemically stable TLR2 antagonists

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) build the first barrier in the innate immune response and therefore represent promising targets for the modulation of inflammatory processes. Recently, the pyrogallol‐containing TLR2 antagonists CU‐CPT22 and MMG‐11 were reported; however, their 1,2,3‐triphenol motif renders them highly susceptible to oxidation and excludes them from use in extended experiments under aerobic conditions. Therefore, we have developed a set of novel TLR2 antagonists (1 –9 ) based on the systematic variation of substructures, linker elements, and the hydrogen‐bonding pattern of the pyrogallol precursors by using chemically robust building blocks. The novel series of chemically stable and synthetically accessible TLR2 antagonists (1 –9 ) was pharmacologically characterized, and the potential binding modes of the active compounds were evaluated structurally. Our results provide new insights into structure‐activity relationships and allow rationalization of structural binding characteristics. Moreover, they support the hypothesis that this class of TLR ligands bind solely to TLR2 and do not directly interact with TLR1 or TLR6 of the functional heterodimer. The most active compound from this series (6 ), is chemically stable, nontoxic, TLR2‐selective, and shows a similar activity with regard to the pyrogallol starting points, thus indicating the variability of the hydrogen bonding pattern

Measurements of Ion Stopping Around the Bragg Peak in High-Energy-Density Plasmas

For the first time, quantitative measurements of ion stopping at energies around the Bragg peak (or peak ion stopping, which occurs at an ion velocity comparable to the average thermal electron velocity), and its dependence on electron temperature (T[subcontract e]) and electron number density (n[subcontract e]) in the range of 0.5–4.0 keV and 3 × 10[superscript 22] to 3 × 10[superscript 23]  cm[superscript −3] have been conducted, respectively. It is experimentally demonstrated that the position and amplitude of the Bragg peak varies strongly with T[subscript e] with n[subscript e]. The importance of including quantum diffraction is also demonstrated in the stopping-power modeling of high-energy-density plasmas.United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-FG03-03SF22691)Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Subcontract Grant B504974)University of Rochester. Laboratory for Laser Energetics (Subcontract Grant 412160-001G