14 research outputs found
Diplomasi Indonesia terhadap Unesco dalam Meresmikan Subak sebagai Warisan Budaya Dunia
This research is about Indonesia diplomacy effort to UNESCO to inaugurate Subak in Bali as a world cultural heritage from Indonesia in 2012. Subak Bali is a cultural heritage, it is an irrigation system that regulates the division of water management based on the mindset of harmony and togetherness, it based on formal rules and religious values. Many claims by other countries that take Indonesian culture, such as batik claiming by Malaysia, its make Indonesian government ask to UNESCO to recognize Subak as Indonesian culture. Many participants help the government to get the legally, its come from local community and also the government. Subak get legally as a Indonesia heritage culture after 10 years by some process like selection, filtration and fit and proper test.
This research applies realist perspective, where it focuses on state as the main actor in international politics. Indonesia wants show to the world that Indonesia also has a heritage culture. To explain this research, the author used theory of diplomacy. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. It uses the library method by taking the data from books, journals, articles, internet and other source. The author visit Department Cultural of Bali to direct research.
This research applies realist perspective, where it focuses on state as the main actor in international politics. Indonesia wants show to the world that Indonesia also has a heritage culture. To explain this research, the author used theory of diplomacy. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. It uses the library method by taking the data from books, journals, articles, internet and other source. The author visit Department Cultural of Bali to direct research.
The result of this research indicate that Indonesian government did multi-track diplomacy effort to get legally Subak as a world cultural heritage of Indonesia from UNESCO on 2012. The effort get a feedback from UNESCO on Mei 2012, when the Bali Heritage culture The Cultural Landscape of Bali : Subak System as a Manifestation of The Tri Hita Karana was approved to be a World Cultural heritage. It assigned in the 36th session of UNESCO in St. Petersbug, Russia on 29 June 2012.
The result of this research indicate that Indonesian government did multi-track diplomacy effort to get legally Subak as a world cultural heritage of Indonesia from UNESCO on 2012. The effort get a feedback from UNESCO on Mei 2012, when the Bali Heritage culture The Cultural Landscape of Bali : Subak System as a Manifestation of The Tri Hita Karana was approved to be a World Cultural heritage. It assigned in the 36th session of UNESCO in St. Petersbug, Russia on 29 June 2012.
Keywords: subak, UNESCO, cultural heritage of Bali, multy-track diplomacy
Keywords: subak, UNESCO, cultural heritage of Bali, multy-track diplomac
A Single-Chain Magnet with a Very High Blocking Temperature and a Strong Coercive Field
Two
isostructural 1D complexes, [MĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub>NaphNN]<sub><i>n</i></sub> [M = Mn<sup>II</sup> (<b>1</b>) or Co<sup>II</sup> (<b>2</b>); NaphNN = 1-naphthyl nitronylnitroxide],
were synthesized and exhibit very strong antiferromagnetic metalāradical
exchange coupling. Compound <b>2</b> shows slow magnetic relaxation
behavior with a high blocking temperature (<i>T</i><sub>B</sub> ā 13.2 K) and a very high coercive field of 49 kOe
at 4.0 K
New Synthetic Route toward Heterometallic 3dā3dā² and 3dā4f Single-Molecule Magnets. The First Co<sup>II</sup>āMn<sup>III</sup> Heterometallic Complex
Four tetranuclear heterometallic
complexes, [Co<sup>II</sup><sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub><sup>III</sup>(dpm)<sub>4</sub>(MeO)<sub>6</sub>] (<b>1</b>) and [Ln<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>ĀMn<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>Ā(dpm)<sub>6</sub>Ā(MeO)<sub>6</sub>(MeOH)<sub><i>n</i></sub>], where Ln = Gd (<b>2</b>, <i>n</i> = 2), Tb (<b>3</b>, <i>n</i> = 2), and Dy (<b>4</b>, <i>n</i> = 0), have been obtained following the same general synthetic
route, namely, the one-pot reaction between 2,2,6,6-tetrametil-3,5-heptanodione
(Hdpm), MnCl<sub>2</sub> and CoCl<sub>2</sub> or LnĀ(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> in the presence of sodium methoxide. Within the four
compounds, the metal ions bridged by methoxide ligands display a defect-diheterocubane
core. Compounds <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> show slow relaxation of the magnetization below 4 K
New Synthetic Route toward Heterometallic 3dā3dā² and 3dā4f Single-Molecule Magnets. The First Co<sup>II</sup>āMn<sup>III</sup> Heterometallic Complex
Four tetranuclear heterometallic
complexes, [Co<sup>II</sup><sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub><sup>III</sup>(dpm)<sub>4</sub>(MeO)<sub>6</sub>] (<b>1</b>) and [Ln<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>ĀMn<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>Ā(dpm)<sub>6</sub>Ā(MeO)<sub>6</sub>(MeOH)<sub><i>n</i></sub>], where Ln = Gd (<b>2</b>, <i>n</i> = 2), Tb (<b>3</b>, <i>n</i> = 2), and Dy (<b>4</b>, <i>n</i> = 0), have been obtained following the same general synthetic
route, namely, the one-pot reaction between 2,2,6,6-tetrametil-3,5-heptanodione
(Hdpm), MnCl<sub>2</sub> and CoCl<sub>2</sub> or LnĀ(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> in the presence of sodium methoxide. Within the four
compounds, the metal ions bridged by methoxide ligands display a defect-diheterocubane
core. Compounds <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> show slow relaxation of the magnetization below 4 K
An Angular Bis-Oxamate Tecton for the Construction of Heterobimetallic Coordination Polymers
Two novel heterobimetallic three-dimensional coordination polymers,
[Cu<sub>2</sub>Na<sub>4</sub>L<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>2.3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5.2</sub>]Ā·1.7H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>1</b>) and [CuNa<sub>2</sub>LĀ(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3.88</sub>]Ā·H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>2</b>), have been obtained by assembling a bis-oxamate
copperĀ(II) complex with sodium ions (<i>L</i> = 4,4ā²-sulfonylbisĀ(phenylene)ĀbisĀ(oxamate).
Both coordination frameworks are constructed by connecting {Cu<sub>4</sub>L<sub>4</sub>} crosslike anionic units by sodium ions forming
polymers with different topologies. The magnetic susceptibility data
shows weak antiferromagnetic interaction for both compounds
Magnetic Mn and Co Complexes with a Large Polycyclic Aromatic Substituted Nitronylnitroxide
2-(1ā²-Pyrenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (PyrNN) was reacted with MĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub> (M = MnĀ(II) and CoĀ(II), hfac = hexafluoracetylacetonate)
to give two isostructural ML<sub>2</sub> stoichiometry MĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub>(PyrNN)<sub>2</sub> complexes and a ML stoichiometry one-dimensional
(1-D) polymer chain complex [MnĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub>(PyrNN)]. The ML<sub>2</sub> complexes have similar crystal structures with monoclinic
unit cells, in which one NO unit from each PyrNN ligand is bonded
to the transition metal on cis vertices of a distorted octahedron.
The major magnetic interactions are intracomplex metal-to-radical
exchange (<i>J</i>), and intermolecular exchange across
a close contact between the uncoordinated NO units (<i>J</i>ā²). For M = MnĀ(II) an approximate chain model fit gives <i>g</i> = 2.0, <i>J</i> = (ā)Ā125 cm<sup>ā1</sup> and <i>J</i>ā² = (ā)Ā49 cm<sup>ā1</sup>; for M = CoĀ(II), <i>g</i> = 2.4, <i>J</i> =
(ā)Ā180 cm<sup>ā1</sup>, and <i>J</i>ā²
= (ā)Ā70 cm<sup>ā1</sup>. Hybrid density functional theory
(DFT) computations modeling the intermolecular exchange by using only
the radical units across the close contact are in good accord with
the estimated values of <i>J</i>ā². The chain type
complex structure shows solvent incorporation for overall structure
[MnĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub>(PyrNN)]<sub><i>n</i></sub>Ā·0.5Ā(CHCl<sub>3</sub>)Ā·0.5Ā(C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>). Both NO groups of
the PyrNN ligand are complexed to form helical chains, with very strong
metal to radical antiferromagnetic exchange that gives overall ferrimagnetic
behavior
An Angular Bis-Oxamate Tecton for the Construction of Heterobimetallic Coordination Polymers
Two novel heterobimetallic three-dimensional coordination polymers,
[Cu<sub>2</sub>Na<sub>4</sub>L<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>2.3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5.2</sub>]Ā·1.7H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>1</b>) and [CuNa<sub>2</sub>LĀ(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3.88</sub>]Ā·H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>2</b>), have been obtained by assembling a bis-oxamate
copperĀ(II) complex with sodium ions (<i>L</i> = 4,4ā²-sulfonylbisĀ(phenylene)ĀbisĀ(oxamate).
Both coordination frameworks are constructed by connecting {Cu<sub>4</sub>L<sub>4</sub>} crosslike anionic units by sodium ions forming
polymers with different topologies. The magnetic susceptibility data
shows weak antiferromagnetic interaction for both compounds
An Angular Bis-Oxamate Tecton for the Construction of Heterobimetallic Coordination Polymers
Two novel heterobimetallic three-dimensional coordination polymers,
[Cu<sub>2</sub>Na<sub>4</sub>L<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>2.3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5.2</sub>]Ā·1.7H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>1</b>) and [CuNa<sub>2</sub>LĀ(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3.88</sub>]Ā·H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>2</b>), have been obtained by assembling a bis-oxamate
copperĀ(II) complex with sodium ions (<i>L</i> = 4,4ā²-sulfonylbisĀ(phenylene)ĀbisĀ(oxamate).
Both coordination frameworks are constructed by connecting {Cu<sub>4</sub>L<sub>4</sub>} crosslike anionic units by sodium ions forming
polymers with different topologies. The magnetic susceptibility data
shows weak antiferromagnetic interaction for both compounds
Magnetic Mn and Co Complexes with a Large Polycyclic Aromatic Substituted Nitronylnitroxide
2-(1ā²-Pyrenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (PyrNN) was reacted with MĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub> (M = MnĀ(II) and CoĀ(II), hfac = hexafluoracetylacetonate)
to give two isostructural ML<sub>2</sub> stoichiometry MĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub>(PyrNN)<sub>2</sub> complexes and a ML stoichiometry one-dimensional
(1-D) polymer chain complex [MnĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub>(PyrNN)]. The ML<sub>2</sub> complexes have similar crystal structures with monoclinic
unit cells, in which one NO unit from each PyrNN ligand is bonded
to the transition metal on cis vertices of a distorted octahedron.
The major magnetic interactions are intracomplex metal-to-radical
exchange (<i>J</i>), and intermolecular exchange across
a close contact between the uncoordinated NO units (<i>J</i>ā²). For M = MnĀ(II) an approximate chain model fit gives <i>g</i> = 2.0, <i>J</i> = (ā)Ā125 cm<sup>ā1</sup> and <i>J</i>ā² = (ā)Ā49 cm<sup>ā1</sup>; for M = CoĀ(II), <i>g</i> = 2.4, <i>J</i> =
(ā)Ā180 cm<sup>ā1</sup>, and <i>J</i>ā²
= (ā)Ā70 cm<sup>ā1</sup>. Hybrid density functional theory
(DFT) computations modeling the intermolecular exchange by using only
the radical units across the close contact are in good accord with
the estimated values of <i>J</i>ā². The chain type
complex structure shows solvent incorporation for overall structure
[MnĀ(hfac)<sub>2</sub>(PyrNN)]<sub><i>n</i></sub>Ā·0.5Ā(CHCl<sub>3</sub>)Ā·0.5Ā(C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>). Both NO groups of
the PyrNN ligand are complexed to form helical chains, with very strong
metal to radical antiferromagnetic exchange that gives overall ferrimagnetic
behavior
A New Quartz-like MetalāOrganic Framework Constructed from a Versatile Pyrazole-Based Spacer
Two
new coordination polymers, <sup>1</sup><sub>ā</sub>[Cu<sub>2</sub>(L)<sub>4</sub>Ā(MeOH)]ĀĀ·MeOH (<b>1</b>) and <sup>3</sup><sub>ā</sub>[CuĀ(L)<sub>2</sub>]ĀĀ·5H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>2</b>), have been obtained exploring the potential
of 5-amino-1-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (L<sup>ā</sup>) to act as a spacer. The different architectures of
these compounds arise from the versatility of this organic ligand.
In compound <b>1</b>, the carboxylato groups (syn-syn bridging
mode) and the copper ions generate a binuclear paddle-wheel motif.
Each binuclear entity coordinates to another one, through one out
of the four pyrazole rings, resulting in double chains. In crystal <b>2</b>, the organic ligand is coordinated to a copper ion through
the carboxylato group (asymmetric chelating) and to another copper
ion through the pyrazole nitrogen atom. Compound <b>2</b> crystallizes
in the hexagonal system with the chiral space group <i>P</i>6<sub>1</sub>22, featuring a quartz-like topology. The magnetic properties
of both compounds have been investigated