Estudo da febre Q em seres humanos, animais domésticos e artrópodes em uma área no Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro.

Submitted by Anderson Silva ([email protected]) on 2012-12-26T15:22:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Monica Lemos Ammon Fernandez.pdf: 8355019 bytes, checksum: dfee6b67fb0314370a761d01a0ee90d4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-26T15:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Monica Lemos Ammon Fernandez.pdf: 8355019 bytes, checksum: dfee6b67fb0314370a761d01a0ee90d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Febre Q é uma zoonose cosmopolita causada por Coxiella burnetii, pequena bactéria intracelular obrigatória gram-negativa e pleomórfica da ordem Legionellales. A doença, que ocorre como pequenos surtos ou como casos isolados, tem amplo espectro de manifestações clínicas, desde uma doença febril limitada, pneumonia, hepatite a endocardite e meningoencefalite. Carrapatos, animais de fazenda, domésticos e selvagens são reservatórios da infecção. A transmissão para o homem ocorre por inalação de aerossóis provenientes de urina, fezes, leite e produtos de abortamento ou menos comumente pela ingestão de leite cru de animais infectados. No Brasil, desde a primeira descrição de febre Q em 1953, em São Paulo, todos os casos têm sido identificados com base em teste sorológico e os poucos estudos soroepidemiológicos em população de risco apontam para a circulação de C. burnetii. Em 2008 foi possível confirmar um caso de febre Q em um paciente, a partir de análise sorológica e molecular. Com o objetivo de rastrear um foco de infecção por C. burnetii, um estudo epidemiológico descritivo foi desenvolvido na área de ocorrência do primeiro caso no Brasil de febre Q confirmado, em 2008, por análise molecular, no Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro. Análises sorológicas e moleculares foram realizadas em amostras biológicas de familiares e de cães, gatos, cabras e equinos existentes na área estudada, em 2009. Amostras de soro foram submetidas ao teste comercial de imunofluorescência indireta (PANBIOTM), título de corte de 64, para a pesquisa de anticorpo anti-C. burnetii, fases I e II. Amostras de sangue dos familiares e dos animais, assim como de leite, fezes e de secreção nasal, vaginal, além dos artrópodes, coletados nos animais, foram submetidas à PCR (reação em cadeia da polimerase) para a presença da bactéria, utilizando oligonucleotídeos para o gene alvo htpAB. Reatividade foi identificada em amostras de soro da esposa, de 2 dos 13 caninos, 05 de 10 caprinos e 02 das 03 ovinos. O genoma foi recuperado em amostra de sangue e/ou leite ou swab anal de 02 cães e 06 cabras. O sequenciamento dos produtos de PCR amplificados, do soro dos cães e do leite das cabras, mostraram identidade de 99% para as sequências depositadas no GenBank. Embora não seja uma doença de notificação, os dados obtidos confirmam a circulação deste agente zoonótico e servem de alerta para a necessidade de vigilância epidemiológica da febre Q, em especial em Itaboraí, devido, entre outros fatores, ao crescente desmatamento com ocupação de vastas áreas e da criação, informal e de caráter familiar, de cabras leiteiras por pequenos proprietários nas diversas áreas do território nacional.Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a obligate intracellular and pleomorphic, small gram-negative bacterium of Legionellales order. The disease, which can occur as small outbreaks or isolated cases, has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, from a limited febrile illness, pneumonia, hepatitis, endocarditis, and meningoencephalitis. Ticks, farm animals, domestic and wild are reservoirs of infection. Transmission to humans occurs through inhalation of aerosols from urine, feces, milk and products of abortion or less commonly by ingestion of raw milk from infected animals. In Brazil, since the first description of Q fever in 1953, in Sao Paulo, cases have been identified by serological tests and very few seroepidemiological studies in the population at risk have been performed showing the circulation of C. burnetii. In 2008 it was possible to confirm a case of Q fever in a patient, from molecular and serological analysis. Aiming to track the source of infection for C. burnetii, a descriptive epidemiologic study was developed in the area of occurrence of the first case of Q fever in Brazil in 2008, confirmed by molecular analysis in Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro. Serological and molecular analysis was performed on biological samples from family and dogs, cats, goats and horses in the area of studied in 2009. Serum samples were tested with commercial indirect immunofluorescence (PANBIOTM), a cutoff of 64, for the detection of anti-C. burnetii, phases I and II. Blood samples from family members and animals, like milk, feces and nasal discharge, vaginal, and arthropods collected in animals were subjected to PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for the presence of bacteria, using primers for htpAB the target gene. Reactivity was detected in serum samples from his wife, two of the 13 dogs, 05 of 10 goats and 02 of 03 sheeps. The genome was recovered in a sample of blood and / or milk or anal swabs from 02 dogs and 06 goats. The sequencing of the PCR products amplified from the serum of dogs and goats' milk, showed 99% identity to the sequences deposited in GenBank Although not a notifiable disease, our data confirm the circulation of this zoonotic agent and serve as a reminder of the need for surveillance of Q fever, especially in Itaboraí due, among other factors, the increasing deforestation and occupation of vast areas and the creation of informal and familiar character in dairy goats by smallholders in various areas of the country

Molecular identification of the agent of Q fever - Coxiella burnetii - in domestic animals in State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T12:31:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) marianagelica_maresguiaetal_IOC_2014.pdf: 684248 bytes, checksum: 43a922c1cc99c13401108391082d07e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Itaboraí. Itaboraí, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.INTRODUCTION: : Over the last recent years, the number of Q fever cases have has increased throughout the world. An epidemiological investigation was performed in the area in which the first molecular documentation of Q fever in Brazil was previously reported. METHODS: Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and PCR of Coxiella burnetii targeting the htpAB gene were performed in samples from 14 dogs (blood); 1 cat (blood); 10 goats (blood, milk, vaginal swab and anal swab); 3 sheep (blood); and 2 horses (blood). RESULTS: Two dogs, two sheep and five goats were seroreactive. DNA was amplified from 6 milk and 2 blood samples from goats and from dogs, respectively. The sequence of the amplicons exhibited 99% sequence similarity with the homologous sequence of the htpAB gene of C. burnetii RSA 331 (GenBank - CP000890). CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm C. burnetii infection in animals in Rio de Janeiro and reinforce the need for the surveillance of Q fever in Brazil

A targeted approach with nanopore sequencing for the universal detection and identification of flaviviruses

Nucleic acid test (NAT), most typically quantitative PCR, is one of the standard methods for species specific flavivirus diagnosis. Semi-comprehensive NATs such as pan-flavivirus PCR which covers genus Flavivirus are also available; however, further specification by sequencing is required for species level differentiation. In this study, a semi-comprehensive detection system that allows species differentiation of flaviviruses was developed by integration of the pan-flavivirus PCR and Nanopore sequencing. In addition, a multiplexing method was established by adding index sequences through the PCR with a streamlined bioinformatics pipeline. This enables defining cut-off values for observed read counts. In the laboratory setting, this approach allowed the detection of up to nine different flaviviruses. Using clinical samples collected in Vietnam and Brazil, seven different flaviviruses were also detected. When compared to a commercial NAT, the sensitivity and specificity of our system were 66.7% and 95.4%, respectively. Conversely, when compared to our system, the sensitivity and specificity of the commercial NAT were 57.1% and 96.9%, respectively. In addition, Nanopore sequencing detected more positive samples (n = 8) compared to the commercial NAT (n = 6). Collectively, our study has established a semi-comprehensive sequencing-based diagnostic system for the detection of flaviviruses at extremely affordable costs, considerable sensitivity, and only requires simple experimental methods

Effectiveness of Household Disinfection Techniques to Remove SARS-CoV-2 from Cloth Masks

To assess the efficacy of washing cloth masks, we simulated SARS-CoV-2 contamination in tricoline fabric and tested decontaminants to reduce viral particles. Viral suspensions using two variants (B.1.1.28 and P.1) were inoculated in these fabrics, and the inactivation kinetics were evaluated after washing with various household disinfection products (Soap powder, Lysoform®, Hypochlorite sodium and 70% Alcohol), rinse numbers, and exposure times. Afterward, the fabrics were washed in sterile water, and viral RNA was extracted and amplified using RT-qPCR. Finally, viral replication in cell cultures was examined. Our findings show that all biocidal treatments successfully disinfected the tissue tested. Some products showed less reduction in viral loads, such as soap powder (1.60 × 104, 1.04 × 103), soap powder and Lysoform® (1.60 × 104, 1.04 × 103), and alcohol 70% (1.02 × 103, 5.91 × 101), respectively. However, when sodium hypochlorite was used, this reduction was significantly increased (viral inactivation in 100% of the washes). After the first wash, the reduction in the number of viral particles was greater for the P.1 variant than for the B.1.1.28 variant (W = 51,759, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the role of sodium hypochlorite in cloth mask disinfection may also have implications for future health emergencies as well as recommendation by WHO