INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN DOCTOR – PATIENT COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH: SELECTION CRITERIA

Background. Communication between doctor and patient is an important component of the treatment process. The main task of the doctor is to collect all the necessary information about the patient’s problem and the history of its occurrence, to clarify all the circumstances of the situation and to offer options for action. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to use certain speech means that should help the doctor get all the information and get what they want from the patient. Questions are one of the means that determine the effectiveness of interaction. Purpose. The purpose of the study of this article is to analyze the interrogative sentences used in the doctor – patient dialogues in English, to determine their communicative load, to identify the most frequent constructions and to describe the criteria for choosing the types of interrogative sentences. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the scripts of conversations between doctors and patients in English, presented in open sources. In the course of the study, a continuous sample of interrogative sentences used by the doctor was carried out. The questions were divided into types according to their grammatical structure, the communicative load of each type was determined. The most and least frequent types of questions are singled out, possible grounds for such a pattern are identified. Results. The article describes the main types of questions in English in terms of their grammatical structure: general, special, alternative and disjunctive. The results of own research based on the material of audio recordings and their scripts of conversations between doctors of various specialties and their patients at various stages of the treatment process are presented. In the process of research, each type of questions was analyzed in the context of their use in order to describe their communicative load. This approach made it possible to identify criteria for selecting certain types of questions, which are determined by the target settings of the communicative “doctor-patient” situation. Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the practice of teaching Medical English, in the professional activities of healthcare professionals when communicating with patients, in theoretical courses on English grammar

Estímulo no crescimento e na hidrólise de atp em raízes de alface tratadas com humatos de vermicomposto: ii - efeito da fonte de vermicomposto.

Um dos fatores mais limitantes para a produção de vermicomposto é a disponibilidade de esterco. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito da substituição parcial do esterco por bagaço de cana e por resíduos de leguminosa (Gliricidia sepium) na vermicompostagem sobre a qualidade do vermicomposto e sobre a bioatividade dos humatos, avaliadas por meio da análise do crescimento radicular e da atividade das bombas de H+ isoladas de raízes de alface. A substituição do esterco por bagaço de cana e por resíduos de leguminosas não acarretou prejuízo às características químicas dos vermicompostos. No entanto, os humatos isolados dos diferentes vermicompostos apresentaram características químicas distintas,tais como: acidez e propriedades óticas distintas. Os humatos produzidos a partir de esterco de bovino e da mistura esterco bovino + bagaço proporcionaram maiores estímulos no crescimento radicular das plantas de alface, sendo os mais indicados para uso na forma solúvel. A inclusão de resíduos de leguminosas no processo de vermicompostagem produziu humatos sem efeito sobre o desenvolvimento das raízes de alface

Estímulo no crescimento e na hidrólise de ATP em raízes de alface tratadas com humatos de vermicomposto: i - efeito da concentração.

O vermicomposto contém uma concentração elevada de substâncias húmicas e já é bem conhecido o efeito do seu uso sobre as propriedades do solo. No entanto,a ação direta das substâncias húmicas sobre o metabolismo das plantas é menos conhecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de humatos extraídos de vermicomposto de esterco de curral com KOH 0,1 mol L-1 sobre o desenvolvimento e metabolismo de ATP em plântulas de alface. Após a germinação, plântulas de alface foram tratadas com os humatos em concentrações que variaram de 0 a 100 mg L-1 de C, durante quinze dias. Foram avaliados o crescimento da raiz e a atividade das bombas de H+ isoladas da fração microssomal do sistema radicular. Foi observado aumento na matéria fresca e seca do sistema radicular, bem como no número de sítios de mitose, raízes emergidas do eixo principal, na área e no comprimento radiculares, com o uso do humato na concentração de 25 mg L-1 de C. Também foi observado, nessa concentração, aumento significativo na hidrólise de ATP pelas bombas de H+, responsáveis pela geração de energia necessária à absorção de íons e pelo crescimento celular

Effectiveness of empirical <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication therapy with furazolidone in Russia: results from the European Registry on <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Management (Hp-EuReg)

Background. First-line therapy does not always provide a high level of Helicobacter pylori eradication due to the increase of H. pylori resistance to antibiotics; therefore, it remains necessary to identify the most effective rescue treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empirical H. pylori furazolidone-containing regimens. Materials and methods. Adult H. pylori infected patients empirically treated with furazolidone-containing eradication regimens were registered in an international, prospective, multicenter non-intervention European registry on H. pylori management (Hp-EuReg). Data were collected at AEG-REDCap e-CRF from 2013 to 2021 and the quality was reviewed. Modified intention-to-treat (mITT) effectiveness analyses were performed. Results. Overall 106 patients received empirical furazolidone-containing therapy in Russia. Furazolidone was prescribed in a sequential scheme along with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor in 68 (64%) cases, triple regimens were prescribed in 28 (26%) patients and quadruple regimens in 10 (9.4%). Treatment duration of 7 days was assigned to 2 (1.9%) patients, 10-day eradication therapy in case of 80 (75%) and 14 days in 24 (23%) patients. Furazolidone was mainly used in first- (79%) and second-line (21%) regimens. The methods used to diagnose H. pylori infection were: histology (81%), stool antigen test (64%), 13C-urea breath test (6.6%), and rapid urease test (1.9%). The mITT effectiveness of sequential therapy was 100%; 93% with the triple therapy and 75.5% with quadruple therapy. Compliance was reported in 98% of cases. Adverse events were revealed in 5.7% of patients, mostly nausea (3.8%). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion. Furazolidone containing eradication regimens appear to be an effective and safe empirical therapy in Russia

DIGITAL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES IN SMART CITY PROJECTS

Nowadays the smart city concepts focus on the quality improvement of a citizen’s life by using the ICT. Meanwhile, the consideration of possible participants of smart city projects and the assessment of their potential remain outside the scientific discourse. The state Postal services are outside the Smart cities concepts and models, despite the available resources to handle big data. This research is aimed to highlight the significance of postal services involvement in effective data collection, storage and aggregation. The study refers to the international sources and considers a data-driven approach and a high-level smart city architecture, proposes architectural principles for its construction; substantiates the possibility and importance of the participation of postal services in the effective collection, storage and aggregation of urban data; describes the functions and assets of the Russian Post. Digital technologies used for the development of the urban environment have also been adopted by the postal services. The technology of the Internet of Things (IPT), implemented by the world's postal services, has called the Internet-of-Postal-Things (IoPT). City administrations build relationships with key businesses and state-owned companies that can provide the information the city needs, but such interactions are not sufficiently developed. The authors present the results of an online survey of the Russian citizens in order to justify the relevance of the research. The survey reveals the respondents' attitude to the use of the digital technologies, IoPT in the city initiatives, assessment of the potential of the Russian Post in implementing the smart city projects

Long-Term Changes of Aquatic Communities in the Kharbeyskie Lakes

Были проведены комплексные гидробиологические исследования Харбейских озер, расположенных на северо-востоке европейской части России. Целью работы была оценка изменений, произошедших в экосистемах этих тундровых водоемов более чем за 40-летний период. Фаунистическое богатство водных сообществ озер в условиях потепления климата и отсутствия прямых антропогенных воздействий в 2009-2012 гг. сохранилось на уровне 1960-х гг. В зоопланктоне исследованных водоемов выявлены признаки их олиготрофикации: численность олиготрофных видов-индикаторов увеличилась, а обилие видов-индикаторов эвтрофирования уменьшилось, роль ракообразных относительно роли коловраток в количественных показателях возросла, фаунистические коэффициенты трофности (E, E/O) снизились. Согласно структурным характеристикам зоопланктона современное состояние крупных озер Харбейской системы соответствует олиготрофному уровню. Сообщество зообентоса проявляло бóльшую инертность к влиянию изменений среды: его численность и биомасса, состав и структура сохраняются на уровне мезотрофной экосистемы так же, как в 1968–1969 гг. Некоторые проявления многолетней динамики изученных водных сообществ свидетельствуют о наличии влияния потепления климата на экосистему озер в 2000-е гг. К ним относятся: повышение численности и биомассы зоопланктона, зообентоса и некоторых видов и групп беспозвоночных, появление в составе планктона теплолюбивых видов-индикаторов эвтрофированияKharbeyskie Lakes situated on the North-East of the European Russia were sampled. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in the lakes ecosystems which took place during more than 40 years since the first sampling in 1960’s. Faunal richness of aquatic communities changed insignificantly under warming climate and low anthropogenic impacts. Nevertheless, the following changes in zooplankton community of the lakes can be considered as the signs of their oligotrophication: the abundance of species indicating oligotrophic water has increased, the abundance of species indicating eutrophy has decreased, the crustacean role comparing the role of rotifers in zooplankton in quantitative terms has grown, faunal coefficients of trophy (E, E/O) have reduced. According to the structural characteristics of zooplankton the large Kharbeyskie lakes are oligotrophic at present. Zoobenthos is more inert community than zooplankton under influence of environmental changes. According to the data on zoobenthic abundance, biomass, composition and structure, the Kharbeyskie Lakes are mesotrophic ecosystems as well as they were in 1968 and 1969. Some dynamic features of the studied aquatic communities indicate a warming influence on the ecosystem of the Kharbeyskie Lakes in the 2000s. These include increasing of abundance and biomass of zooplankton, zoobenthos and some plankton and benthos taxa and the appearance of thermophilic and eutrofication indicating species in zooplankto

Long-Term Changes of Aquatic Communities in the Kharbeyskie Lakes

Были проведены комплексные гидробиологические исследования Харбейских озер, расположенных на северо-востоке европейской части России. Целью работы была оценка изменений, произошедших в экосистемах этих тундровых водоемов более чем за 40-летний период. Фаунистическое богатство водных сообществ озер в условиях потепления климата и отсутствия прямых антропогенных воздействий в 2009-2012 гг. сохранилось на уровне 1960-х гг. В зоопланктоне исследованных водоемов выявлены признаки их олиготрофикации: численность олиготрофных видов-индикаторов увеличилась, а обилие видов-индикаторов эвтрофирования уменьшилось, роль ракообразных относительно роли коловраток в количественных показателях возросла, фаунистические коэффициенты трофности (E, E/O) снизились. Согласно структурным характеристикам зоопланктона современное состояние крупных озер Харбейской системы соответствует олиготрофному уровню. Сообщество зообентоса проявляло бóльшую инертность к влиянию изменений среды: его численность и биомасса, состав и структура сохраняются на уровне мезотрофной экосистемы так же, как в 1968–1969 гг. Некоторые проявления многолетней динамики изученных водных сообществ свидетельствуют о наличии влияния потепления климата на экосистему озер в 2000-е гг. К ним относятся: повышение численности и биомассы зоопланктона, зообентоса и некоторых видов и групп беспозвоночных, появление в составе планктона теплолюбивых видов-индикаторов эвтрофированияKharbeyskie Lakes situated on the North-East of the European Russia were sampled. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in the lakes ecosystems which took place during more than 40 years since the first sampling in 1960’s. Faunal richness of aquatic communities changed insignificantly under warming climate and low anthropogenic impacts. Nevertheless, the following changes in zooplankton community of the lakes can be considered as the signs of their oligotrophication: the abundance of species indicating oligotrophic water has increased, the abundance of species indicating eutrophy has decreased, the crustacean role comparing the role of rotifers in zooplankton in quantitative terms has grown, faunal coefficients of trophy (E, E/O) have reduced. According to the structural characteristics of zooplankton the large Kharbeyskie lakes are oligotrophic at present. Zoobenthos is more inert community than zooplankton under influence of environmental changes. According to the data on zoobenthic abundance, biomass, composition and structure, the Kharbeyskie Lakes are mesotrophic ecosystems as well as they were in 1968 and 1969. Some dynamic features of the studied aquatic communities indicate a warming influence on the ecosystem of the Kharbeyskie Lakes in the 2000s. These include increasing of abundance and biomass of zooplankton, zoobenthos and some plankton and benthos taxa and the appearance of thermophilic and eutrofication indicating species in zooplankto