Identificação de sementes de soja geneticamente modificada resistente ao glifosato

Advances in genetic engineering permit the modification of plants to be tolerant to certain herbicides that are usually not selective. For practical and commercial purposes, it is important to be able to detect the presence or absence of these traits in genotypes. The objective of this research was to develop a procedure for identifying genetically modified soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) with resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. Two studies were conducted based on germination test. In the first study, soybean seeds were pre-imbibed in paper towel with the herbicide solutions, then transferred to moist paper towel for the germination test. In the second study, seeds were placed directly in herbicide solutions in plastic cups and tested for germination using the paper towel method. Eight soybean genotypes were compared: four Roundup Ready, that contained the gene resistant to the herbicide (G99-G725, Prichard RR, G99-G6682, and H7242 RR) and four non-transgenic parental cultivars (Boggs, Haskell, Benning, and Prichard). In the first study, the seeds were imbibed for 16 hours at 25°C in herbicide concentrations between 0.0 and 1.5% of the glyphosate active ingredient. In the second, seeds were subjected to concentrations between 0.0 and 0.48%, for one hour, at 30°C. The evaluation parameters were: germination, hypocotyl length, root length and total length of the seedlings. Both methods are efficient in identifying glyphosate-resistant soybean genotypes. It is possible to identify the genetically modified soybean genotypes after three days, by imbibing the seed in 0.12% herbicide solution, and after six days if the substrate is pre-imbibed in a 0.6% herbicide solution. The resistance trait was identified in all cultivars, independent of the initial physiological quality of the seed.Avanços na engenharia genética têm resultado na obtenção de plantas tolerantes a certos herbicidas que usualmente não são seletivos. Para fins práticos e comerciais é importante ser capaz de detectar a presença ou ausência dessas características nos genótipos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um procedimento para identificação de soja (Glycine max L. Merr.) geneticamente modificada com resistência ao herbicida glifosato. Dois estudos foram conduzidos baseados no teste de germinação. No primeiro estudo, sementes de soja foram pré-embebidas em papel toalha com solução do herbicida e após transferidas para papel toalha umedecido para o teste de germinação. No segundo estudo, as sementes foram colocadas diretamente nas soluções do herbicida em copos plásticos e avaliada a germinação pelo método do papel toalha. Oito genótipos de soja foram comparados: quatro Roundup Ready, que contém o gen de resistência ao herbicida (G99-G725, Prichard RR, G99-G6682 e H7242 RR) e quatro cultivares parentais não transgênicas (Boggs, Haskell, Benning e Prichard). No primeiro estudo, as sementes foram embebidas por 16 horas a 25°C nas concentrações do herbicida entre 0,0 e 1,5% do ingrediente ativo glifosato. No segundo, sementes foram submetidas a concentrações entre 0,0 e 0,48%, por uma hora, a 30°C. Os parâmetros de avaliação foram: germinação, comprimento do hipocótilo, comprimento da raiz e comprimento total das plântulas. Ambos os métodos são eficientes na identificação de genótipos de soja que são resistentes ao glifosato. É possível identificar genótipos de soja geneticamente modificada após três dias, pela embebição das sementes em 0,12% da solução do herbicida e após 6 dias se o substrato for pré embebido em 0,6% da solução do herbicida. As características de resistência foram identificadas em todas as cultivares, independente da qualidade fisiológica inicial das sementes

Identification of geneticaly modified soybean seeds resistant to glyphosate

Advances in genetic engineering permit the modification of plants to be tolerant to certain herbicides that are usually not selective. For practical and commercial purposes, it is important to be able to detect the presence or absence of these traits in genotypes. The objective of this research was to develop a procedure for identifying genetically modified soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) with resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. Two studies were conducted based on germination test. In the first study, soybean seeds were pre-imbibed in paper towel with the herbicide solutions, then transferred to moist paper towel for the germination test. In the second study, seeds were placed directly in herbicide solutions in plastic cups and tested for germination using the paper towel method. Eight soybean genotypes were compared: four Roundup Ready, that contained the gene resistant to the herbicide (G99-G725, Prichard RR, G99-G6682, and H7242 RR) and four non-transgenic parental cultivars (Boggs, Haskell, Benning, and Prichard). In the first study, the seeds were imbibed for 16 hours at 25°C in herbicide concentrations between 0.0 and 1.5% of the glyphosate active ingredient. In the second, seeds were subjected to concentrations between 0.0 and 0.48%, for one hour, at 30°C. The evaluation parameters were: germination, hypocotyl length, root length and total length of the seedlings. Both methods are efficient in identifying glyphosate-resistant soybean genotypes. It is possible to identify the genetically modified soybean genotypes after three days, by imbibing the seed in 0.12% herbicide solution, and after six days if the substrate is pre-imbibed in a 0.6% herbicide solution. The resistance trait was identified in all cultivars, independent of the initial physiological quality of the seed

Physiological performance of rice seeds treated with thiamethoxam or rhizobacteria under different temperatures

This study aimed to evaluate, at 15, 20 and 25 ºC, the physiological potential and enzyme activity of seedlings from six samples of rice seeds stored for one year and treated with growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas synxantha) and the bioactivator thiametoxam. The following were evaluated: seed germination, first germination count, root protrusion speed index, emergence percentage and emergence speed index, shoot and root length and enzyme activity (esterases, α-amylase and peroxidases) at 15, 20 and 25 ºC. In these conditions, thiametoxam and the rhizobacteria P. synxantha (DFs 185) improved the physiological performance of rice seeds with physiological qualities at low temperatures (20 and 15 ºC) and did not change the expression of the esterase and peroxidase isoenzymes. The rhizobacteria P. synxantha (DFs 185) increased the expression of the enzyme α-amylase at low temperatures