Evaluation of Bone Heating, Drill Deformation, and Drill Roughness After Implant Osteotomy: Guided Surgery and Classic Drilling Procedure

Purpose: This study evaluated and compared bone heating, drill deformation, and drill roughness after several implant osteotomies in the guided surgery technique and the classic drilling procedure. Materials and Methods: The tibias of 20 rabbits were used. The animals were divided into a guided surgery group (GG) and a control group (CG); subgroups were then designated (G0, G1, G2, G3, and G4, corresponding to drills used 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 times, respectively). Each animal received 10 sequential osteotomies (5 in each tibia) with each technique. Thermal changes were quantified, drill roughness was measured, and the drills were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Results: Bone temperature generated by drilling was significantly higher in the GG than in the CG. Drill deformation in the GG and CG increased with drill use, and in the CG a significant difference between GO and groups G3 and G4 was observed. In the GG, a significant difference between GO and all other groups was found. For GG versus CG, a significant difference was found in the 40th osteotomy. Drill roughness in both groups was progressive in accordance with increased use, but there was no statistically significant difference between subgroups or between GG and CG overall. Conclusion: During preparation of implant osteotomies, the guided surgery technique generated a higher bone temperature and deformed drills more than the classic drilling procedure. The increase in tissue temperature was directly proportional to the number of times drills were used, but neither technique generated critical necrosis-inducing temperatures. Drill deformation was directly proportional to the number of times the drills were used. The roughness of the drills was directly proportional to the number of reuses in both groups but tended to be higher in the GG group

Influência do Diabetes mellitus e da insulinoterapia na osseointegração. Análise por torque reverso em tíbia de coelhos

A indicação da colocação de implantes dentais osseointegrados (IDO) para pacientes com comprometimento sistêmico, como o Diabetes, permanece controversa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio do torque reverso, a influência do Diabetes Mellitus e, de seu controle com insulina, sobre a osseointegração ao redor de implantes. Foram utilizados 34 coelhos adultos da raça Nova Zelândia, os quais foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: grupo controle (C), grupo Diabetes (D) e grupo Diabetes controlado (DC). A indução do Diabetes foi realizada por administração endovenosa de Aloxana (115 mg/kg). Os coelhos do grupo DC receberam tratamento com injeção subcutânea de insulina (10 U/ dia) e os demais receberam solução salina (0,9%) pela mesma via. Após 1 semana, realizou-se cirurgia de instalação bilateral de implantes nas tíbias de cada animal. Os níveis glicêmicos foram avaliados periodicamente pelo método enzimático da glicose -oxidase. Após 4, 8 e 12 semanas, os animais foram sacrificados e os implantes removidos, sendo o teste do torque de remoção dos mesmos executado com torquímetro manual. No período de 4 semanas, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p=0.2) entre os grupos quanto ao valor do torque de remoção dos implantes. Porém, o grupo C apresentou valores estatisticamente superiores em relação aos grupos D e DC nos períodos de 8 (p=0.0001 e p=0.0053, respectivamente) e 12 semanas (p=0.0002 e p=0.001, respectivamente). Os grupos D e DC não apresentaram diferenças entre si em nenhum dos períodos avaliados. Assim, pode-se concluir que o Diabettes Mellitus influenciou negativamente a osseointegração de implantes colocados em tíbias de coelhos e a insulinoterapia não alterou este efeito.The indication for the placement of osseointegrated dental implants in patients with systemic illness, like diabetes, remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, through the removal torque test, the influence of Diabetes Mellitus and its control with insulin, on osseointegration around implants. Thirty four New Zealand adult rabbits were separated in 3 groups: control group (C), diabetes group (D) and controlled diabetes group (CD). Aloxana (115mg/kg) was used in diabetes induction. The CD group received treatment with insulin (10 U/ day) and the others received saline solution (0,9%). After 1 week, implants were placed bilaterally in the tibiae of rabbits. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the implants were removed been the removal torque test performed with the aid of a manual torquimeter. At 4 weeks, there were no significant differences (p=0.2) among groups regarding the value for implants removal torque. However, C group showed statistically greater values than D and CD groups at 8 (p=0,0001 and p=0.0053, respectively) and 12 weeks (p=0.0002 and p=0.001, respectively). The groups D and CD didn't showed any significant differences between each other in any period evaluated. Thus, it may be concluded that Diabettes Mellitus can negatively influence the osseointegration around implants in tibiae of rabbits and insulin therapy did not altered this effect.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

A CAD/CAM flapless surgical technique and immediate prosthesis: A clinical report

Background: This article describes a clinical report with a new system for guided surgical treatment and immediate load prosthesis in the flapless surgical technique. Case report: Based on a computed tomography (CT) of a 64 - year-old edentulous patient, the cross sections were reformatted and used to construct a virtual planning of the implants and a guide template in Dental Slice. Six dental implants were placed in the maxilla and mandible using a Slice Guide System. Following a 30-month in maxilla and 24-month in mandible healing period, the clinical and radiographic evaluation and computed tomography (CT) showed good clinical stability. The Slice Guide System proved satisfactory for the Flapless Surgical Technique in dental implants

Esthetic prevention with soft tissue and biomaterial grafts

Gingival recessions are periodontal defects that may need the association of surgical techniques in order to be successfully treated. The absence of treatment of these defects may lead to local esthetics being compromised, patient dissatisfaction, and reduced time and duration of treatment. When dealing with dental implants, the esthetic condition is no different, with the aggravating factor that the lack of this protective tissue may accelerate vestibular bone loss and lead to loss of the implant. The clinical case presented report the performance of a conjunctive tissue grafting technique, associated with vestibular filling with biomaterial, to prevent a gingival recession in an immediate implant with immediate loading. The aim of the procedure was to prevent gingival recession, which would lead to a severe esthetic defect, and also to reinforce the vestibular bone wall. After three years of follow-up of the case, it was possible to conclude that the association of thetechniques had predictable and satisfactory results for preventing periimplant gingival recession

Reabilitação de maxila atrófica com tecido ósseo homógeno e prótese fixa implantossuportada

The techniques of bone reconstruction for atrophic maxillae have been improved in order to promote bone tissue growth in both height and thickness. The grafts performed with use of autogenous bone is considered the gold standard by most researchers, for demonstrating osteogenic capacity and not to promote antigenic response. However, this type of grafting is not possible to get bone tissue in large quantity for extensive renovations. In recent years, alternatives have been researched to overcome the limitations of autogenous bone. Several alternatives have been investigated to supply the disadvantages of autogenous bone grafts. In such studies, allogeneic bone grafts which are obtained from individuals with different genetic load, but from the same species have been extensively used. They can be indicated in cases of arthrosplasty, surgical knee reconstruction, and large bone defects as well as in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. Besides showing great applicability and biocompatibility, this type of bone is available in unlimited quantities. To rehabilitate atrophic maxillae an option that has been performed with high success rate is the reconstruction with bone graft followed by osseointegrated dental implants to rehabilitate the patient aesthetics and functionally. This paper aims to show the feasibility of allogenic bone as material for reconstruction of atrophic maxilla, and subsequent rehabilitation with metal ceramic fixed prosthesis implant and dental restoration with accompanying three years through literature review and clinical case report.As técnicas de reconstrução óssea para maxilas atróficas têm sido aprimoradas a fim de favorecer o aumento tecidual ósseo tanto em altura como em espessura. A técnica de enxertia realizada com o uso de osso autógeno é considerada a primeira opção de tratamento pela maioria dos implantodontistas, por demonstrar capacidade osteogênica e não promover reação antigênica. Contudo, este grupo de enxerto possui limitações, sendo as principais: morbidade nos sítios doadores e disponibilidade limitada. Nos últimos anos, alternativas têm sido pesquisadas para suprir as limitações do osso autógeno. Nesses estudos, os ossos homógenos tem se destacado dos demais grupos, principalmente por possuir disponibilidade óssea ilimitada. O presente relato de caso associado à revisão da literatura tem como objetivo discutir e mostrar a viabilidade do osso homógeno como material para reconstrução de maxila atrófica. Assim, os implantes homógenos são uma opção para reabilitação de maxilas atróficas

The use of polylactic and polyglycolic copolymer biomaterial in a pre-clinical model of compromised primary stability

Aim Primary implant stability can be compromised by overdrilling of the implant bed. Filling the gap between the implant and the bone with a highly viscous copolymer of polylactic and polyglycolic acid (PLA/PGA) might stabilize the implant and thus supply osseointegration. The aim of this study was to evaluate implants installed in overdrilled beds associated with PLA/PGA in rats tibia model by means of removal torque test and fluorochrome analysis. Materials and methods For this experiment two groups were selected: in the test group 0.4 mm overdrilled defects (2.0 in diameter and 3 mm long ) were produced in the right tibia of seven rats and implants were placed covered with PLA/PGA biomaterial to fill the gap; the control group was not overdrilled and the implants were placed without the biomaterial. Implants of 1.6 mm in diameter and 3 mm long where placed into all defects. Calcein, alizarin and oxytetracyclin were injected at 7, 15 and 21 postoperative days, respectively, and the animals were sacrificed at 35 postoperative day. Results The results showed that all the implants achieved osseointegration. There were no statistical significance differences in torque-reverse and fluorocrome analysis (P>0.05). Conclusion We can conclude that overdrilled defects filled with PLA/PGA did not disturb osseointegration in this experimental model. © ARIESDUE