Ultrazvučna procjena veličine cisterne vimena u mliječnih ovaca

We studied the size of mammary cistern in ewes of 9 genotypes (purebred Improved Valachian (IV), purebred Tsigai (T), purebred Lacaune (LC) and their crosses with genetic proportion of specialized dairy breeds Lacaune and East Friesian (EF) - (25 %, 50 % and 75 %) were evaluated. Dana were evaluated using REML methodology and MIXED procedure (SAS/STAT). The effect of genotype showed the highest influence (P<0.001) on the length and area of the left and right udder cisterns measurements. In purebred IV ewes, the average areas of the left and right udder cisterns sizes were obtained by using the side method were (1519.39±77.212 mm2 and 1558.45±74.480 mm2). In purebred T ewes, the average areas of the left and right udder cisterns were (1438.70±70.43 mm2 and 1418.68±67.952 mm2). These were significantly smaller than in purebred LC (2694.44±71.95 mm2 and 2693.48±69.340 mm2). The udder cistern areas were significantly higher in crosses with 25 %, 50 % and 75 % genetic proportion of specialized dairy breeds LC and EF, than in purebred IV and T ewes. The analyses showed that crossbreeding of IV with LC and EF and T with LC and EF considerably increases ewe‘s cistern size.Istražena je veličina cisterne mliječne žlijezde ovaca kod 9 genotipova (čistokrvne Improved Valachian (IV), čistokrvne cigaje (T), čistokrvne Lacaune (LC) i njihovih križanaca s genetskim udjelom specijaliziranih mliječnih pasmina Lacaune i istočnofrizijske (EF) - (25 %, 50 % i 75 %). Podatci su analizirani korištenjem metodologije REML i MIXED procedure (SAS/STAT). Genotip je značajno utjecao (p<0.001) na veličinu cisterni vimena. U čistokrvnih IV ovaca prosječna područja veličina lijevih i desnih cisterni vimena dobivena su pomoću bočne metode (1519,39±77,212 mm2 i 1558,45±74,480 mm2). U čistokrvnih T ovaca prosječna područja lijeve i desne cisterne vimena bila su 1438,70±70.43 mm2 i 1418,68±67,952 mm2. Te su vrijednosti bile značajno manje nego u čistokrvnih LC (2694,44±71.95 mm2 i 2693,48±69,340 mm2). Područja cisterne vimena bila su značajno veća u križanaca s 25 %, 50 % i 75 % genetskog udjela specijaliziranih mliječnih pasmina LC i EF, nego u čistokrvnih IV i T ovaca. Analize su pokazale da križanje IV s LC i EF i T s LC i EF znatno povećava veličinu ovčje cisterne vimena

Genetski pokazatelji za linearna svojstva vimena kod devet genotipova mliječnih ovaca - kratko priopćenje.

The udder is one of the most important physiological and conformational characteristics of all dairy animals. Genetic parameters have been estimated for linear udder traits (Udder depth, Cistern depth, Teat position, Teat size, Udder cleft, Udder attachment and Udder shape) - 1275 assessments for each trait were included in the analysis of 381 ewes of 9 genotypes. Nine breeds and genotypes were included in these experiments: Improved Valachian (IV), Tsigai (T), Lacaune (LC) ewes, and IV and T crosses with genetic portion of Lacaune and East Friesian (EF) - 25 %, 50 % and 75 %. Primary data were processed using the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) and the multiple-trait animal model, using the programs REMLF90 and VCE 4.0. Heritability coefficients estimated for linear udder traits were low and ranged from: h2 = 0.09 for udder attachment and for cistern depth: h2 = 0.30. This study suggests that selection programs can be effective for modifying udder morphology, particularly teat test placement and cistern height traits. Further research is needed to better defi ne udder traits and linear scores for use as selection criteria for improvement in the machine milking aptitude of these breeds.Po svojim fiziološkim i konformacijskim obilježjima vime je od posebne važnosti kod svih životinja namijenjenih za proizvodnju mlijeka. U radu su procijenjeni genetski pokazatelji za linearna svojstva vimena: dubina vimena, dubina cisterne, položaj sisa, veličina sisa, izraženost suspenzornog ligamenta, spoj vimena i oblik vimena. Analizom 381 ovce, razvrstane u 9 različitih genotipova, obuhvaćeno je ukupno 1275 procjena za svako svojstvo. Pasmine, odnosno genotipovi, ovaca bili su: oplemenjena valaška (OV), cigaja (C), lakon (L) te križanci OV i C s genetskim udjelom lakon pasmine i istočnofrizijske pasmine od 25 %, 50 % i 75 %. Primarni podaci obrađeni su uz pomoć programa REMLF90 i VCE 4.0 koji su uključivali REML (restricted maximum likelihood) metodu te metodu animalnog modela za više svojstava. Koeficijenti heritabiliteta procijenjeni za linearna svojstva vimena bili su niski i kretali se u rasponu od h2 = 0,09 za povezanost vimena, do h2 = 0,30 za dubinu cisterne. Istraživanje pokazuje da programi odabiranja mogu biti učinkoviti u mijenjanju morfologije vimena, posebno s obzirom na smještaj sisa i visinu cisterne. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se bolje definirala svojstva vimena i linearna ocjena kao selekcijski kriteriji kojima bi se poboljšale sposobnosti promatranih pasmina za strojnu mužnju

Utjecaj stadija laktacije na dnevnu proizvodnju mlijeka, udjele mliječne masti i bjelančevina u ovaca pasmine cigaja i Valachian

The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of stage of lactation on daily milk yield, and milk fat and protein content in Tsigai and Improved Valachian ewes. Breed lactation curves for daily milk yield, and milk fat and protein content were modelled as a sub-model of the three-trait animal model based on repeated test-day records that were collected by the Breeding Services of the Slovak Republic between 1995 and 2010. Data included 188403 (Tsigai) and 352094 (Improved Valachian) ewe’s performance records. Pedigree file included 35484 (Tsigai) and 66994 (Improved Valachian) animals with genetic ties to ewes with milk performance data. The fixed part of the model included parity, litter size and stage of lactation. The effect of days in milk (i.e. stage of lactation) was fitted using Ali and Schaeffer lactation curve. The random part of the model included flock-test day effect, direct additive genetic effect, and permanent environmental effect of ewe nested within lactation. Due to limited number of test-day records in the first and the eighth month of lactation and related difficulties in modelling milk traits in these phases of lactation, the lactation curves were plotted between days 30 and 210. During lactation period the daily milk yield curves were decreasing, while milk fat and protein content were increasing. Because of higher changes at the beginning of lactation balanced with higher changes at the end of lactation in Tsigai and smaller changes at the beginning of lactation balanced with smaller changes at the end of lactation in Improved Valachian, 150d milk yield and average milk fat and protein content were almost the same in both breeds.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je analizirati utjecaj stadija laktacije na dnevnu proizvodnju mlijeka, udjele mliječne masti i bjelančevina u ovaca pasmine cigaja i Valachian. Laktacijske krivulje za dnevnu proizvodnju mlijeka, mliječne masti i bjelančevina modelirane su kao pod-model životinjskog modela (za 3 svojstva) temeljenog na testnim mjerenjima koje su prikupljene od uzgojne službe Republike Slovačke između 1995. i 2010. Ukupno je analizirano 188.403 podataka (za cigaja pasminu) i 352.094 podataka (za Valachian pasminu). Podaci o karakteristikama mliječnosti uzeti su za ukupno 35.484 ovaca pasmine cigaja, i 66.994 ovaca pasmine Valachian. Fiksni dio modela uključivao je redni broj laktacije, veličinu legla i stadij laktacije. Učinak stadija laktacije utvrđen je pomoću Ali-Schaeffer laktacijske krivulje. Nasumični dio modela uključuje utjecaj testnog dana, direktni aditivni genetski efekt i trajan utjecaj okoliša na laktaciju. Zbog ograničenog broja dnevnih kontrola u prvom i osmom mjesecu laktacije i sličnih poteškoća u modeliranju osobina mliječnosti u tim fazama laktacije, laktacijske krivulje prikazane su između 30 i 210 dana. Proizvodnja mlijeka prema laktacijskim krivuljama smanjivala se prema kraju laktacije, dok su se koncentracije mliječne masti i proteina povećavale. Tijekom 150-dnevne proizvodnje mlijeka, u obje pasmine je zabilježena gotova jednaka količina mlijeka, te koncentracija mliječne masti i proteina

Effect of production system on fatty acid composition in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Ile de France lambs

Submitted 2020-07-03 | Accepted 2020-08-18 | Available 2020-12-01https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.174-179 A study was conducted on the effect of two different lamb production systems on the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous fat of 40 purebred Ile de France lambs. In the first production system, ewes and lambs grazed on pasture without concentrate (GS), whereas in the second production system, ewes and lambs were housed indoor and fed silage/hay and concentrate (IS). Twenty lambs (7 females and 13 males) were included in each group. Lambs were slaughtered at 28.75 ± 2.76 kg. The FA were determined by gas chromatography and analysed through ANOVA by considering the following fixed effects: production system, sex and the interaction between production system and sex. Subcutaneous fat of GS lambs had greater proportion of C18:3n-3 (P <0.001), C22:5n-3 (P <0.05) and C22:6n-3 (P <0.05) than IS lambs, which resulted in a higher sum of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in GS compared to IS lambs (2.00 vs. 1.15 g/100 g FAME, P <0.001). Moreover, subcutaneous fat of GS lambs had greater proportion of c9,t11-C18:2 (P <0.001) and sum of detected conjugated linoleic acid isomers than IS lambs (2.21 vs. 0.67 g/100 g FAME, P <0.001). Females had significantly greater proportion of C18:2n-6 (P <0.05) and C18:3n-6 (P <0.001) than males. We can conclude that the GS system where lambs are raised under grazing conditions may provide carcasses with a more acceptable subcutaneous fat, as far as a human health and nutrition perspective is concerned.Keywords: lamb, production system, subcutaneous fat, fatty acid compositionReferencesAckman, R. G. (2002). The gas chromatograph in practical analyses of common and uncommon fatty acids for the 21st century. 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Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 2, 47-52.Corpet, D. E. (2011). Red meat and colon cancer: Should we become vegetarians, or can we make meat safer? Meat Science, 89(3), 310-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.009Díaz, M. T., Velasco, S., Cañeque, V., Lauzurica, S., Ruiz de Huidobro, F., Pérez, C., González, J., Manzanares, C. (2002). Use of concentrate or pasture for fattening lambs and its effect on carcass and meat quality. Small Ruminant Research, 43, 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(02)00016-0Díaz, M. T., Álvarez, I., La Fuente, J., Sañudo, C., Campo, M. M., Oliver, M. A. Cañeque, V. (2005). Fatty acid composition of meat from typical lamb production systems of Spain, United Kingdom, Germany and Uruguay. Meat Science, 71(2), 256-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.03.020Di Memmo, D. (2015). Influence of multiple injections of vitamin E on quality traits and oxidative stability of lamb meat. Doctorate thesis. Campobasso : University of Molise. 130 p.Guler, G. O., Aktumsek, A., and Karabacak, A. (2011). Effect of Feeding Regime on Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Akkaraman Lambs, Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 17, 885–892. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2011.4495Juárez, M., Horcada, A., Alcalde M. J., Valera, M., Mullen, A. M., Molina, A. (2008) Estimation of factors influencing fatty acid profiles in light lambs. Meat Science, 79(2), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.08.014Karaca, S., Yilmaz, A., Kor, A., Bingöl, M., Cavidoglu, I., Ser, G. (2016). The effect of feeding system on slaughter-carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of lambs. Archives Animal Breeding, 59, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-121-2016Leão, A. G., Silva Sobrinho, A. G., Moreno, G. M. B., Souza, H. B. A., Perez, H. L., Loureiro, C. M. B. (2011). Características nutricionais da carne de cordeiros terminados com dietas contendo cana-deaçúcar ou silagem de milho e dois níveis de concentrado. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(5), 1072-1079.https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982011000500019Margetin, M., Oravcová, M., Margetínová, J., Kubinec, R. (2018). Fatty Acids in Intramuscular Fat of Ile De France Lambs in Two Different Production Systems. Archives Animal Breeding, 61(4), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-395-2018McAfee, A. J., McSorley, E. M., Cuskelly, G. J., Moss, B. W., Wallace, J. M., Bonham, M. P., Fearon, A. M. (2010). Red meat consumption: an overview of the risk and benefits. Meat Science, 84(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.029Mora, N. H. A. P., De Macedo, F. A. F., Feihrmann, A. C., Possamai, A. P. S., Torres, M. G., Mexia, A. A. (2016). Lipid composition and sensory traits of meat from Pantaneiro lambs slaughtered with different subcutaneous fat thickness. Acta Scientiarum. Technology, 38(2), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v28i2.28341Nudda, A., Mele, M., Serra, A., Manca, M. G., Boe, R., Secchiari, P. (2009). Comparison of fatty acid profile in lamb meat and baby food based on lamb meat. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8(2), 525-527. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.525Nudda, A., McGuire, M. K., Battacone, G., Manca, M. G., Boe, R., Pulina, G. (2011). Documentation of fatty acid profiles in lamb meat and lamb-based infant foods. Journal of Food Science, 76(2), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.02027.xNuernberg, K., Fischer, A., Nuernberg, G., Ender, K., Dannenberger, D. (2008). Meat quality and fatty acid composition of lipids in muscle and fatty tissue of Skudde lambs fed grass versus concentrate. Small Ruminant Research, 74(1-3), 279-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.07.009Popova, T. (2014). Fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles during storage in lambs reared indoors and on pasture. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 26(3), 302-308. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v26i3.16771Potkanski, A., Čermák, B., Szumacher-Strabel, M., Kowalczyk, J., Cieslak, A. (2002). Effects of different amounts and types of fat on fatty acid composition of fat deposit in lambs. Czech Journal Animal Science, 47(2), 72-75.Santos-Silva, J., Bessa, R. J. B., Santos-Silva, F. (2002). Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs: II. Fatty acid composition of meat. Livestock Production Science, 77(2-3), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00059-3Scerra, M., Luciano, G., Caparra, P., Foti, F., Cilione, C., Giorgi, A., Scerra, V. (2011). Influence of stall finishing duration of Italian Merino lambs, raised on pasture on intramuscular fatty acid composition. 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The effect of feeding systems on the characteristics of products from small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research, 101, 140-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.03

Dependence of milk production of dairy sheep on climate conditions

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-14 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.85-88The aim of the study was to determine the influence of selected climatic characteristics on the milk production of ewes during lactation. Data of ewes from sheep farm Liptovská Teplička located in moderate climate zone (latitude 48°57'50.3"N, longitude 20°04'31.0"E) were analysed. In period from 2017 to 2019, the following milk traits: total morning milk production (TMPM), total evening milk production (TMPE), total morning+evening production (TMPM+E) and average daily milk production per ewe (ADMP) were measured on a daily basis. Traditional (Carpatian) production system was applied: ewes were on pasture and machine milked twice a day. Climate characteristics were monitored in 10-minute intervals by standard weather station (supplier: firm PHYSICUS), located near sheep farm. The influence of air temperature - T (°C), of relative humidity - RH (%), of wind speed (m.s-1) and of total precipitation (mm)recorded daily between 5 a.m. and 4 p.m. in period from April to September on milk traits was analysed. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated according to National Research formula. The influence of year, of month and of interaction year x month was also analysed. Covariance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients using statistical programme SASv9.2 (procedures GLM and CORR) were employed. The influence of month and of interaction year x month, respectively, on milk traits was found (P40.0 and THI <= 68.0). Preliminary results suggest that milk production traits of dairy sheep may be significantly influenced by climate also in moderate climatic zone.Keywords:  sheep, thermal stress, milk yield, temperate zoneReferencesAl Dawood, A. 2017. Towards heat stress management in small ruminants – a review. Ann. Anim. Sci., 17(1), 59-88. DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2016-0068Finocchiaro, R., Van Kaam, J.B.C.H.M., Portolano, B., Misztal, I. 2005. Effect of heat stress on production of Mediterranean dairy sheep. J. Dairy Sci., 88, 1855-1864.Gauly, M., Ammer, S. 2020. Review: Challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate changes. Animal,. 14:S1, s196-s203. doi:10.1017/S1751731119003239Gauly, M., Bollwein, H., Breves, G., Brugemann, K., Danicke, S., Das, G., Demeler, J., Hansen, H., Isselstein, J., Konig, S., Loholter, M., Martinshon, M., Meyer, U., Potthoff, M., Sanker, C., Schroder, B., Wrange, N., Meibaum, B., von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., Stinshof, Wrenzycki, C., 2013. Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review. Animal, 7, 843-859. doi:10.1017/S1751731112002352Ramón, M., Díaz, C., Pérez-Guzman, M.D., Carabaño, M.J. 2016. Effect of exposure to adverse climatic conditions on production in Manchega dairy sheep. J. Dairy Sci., 99, 5764-5779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10909Hamzaoui, S., Salama, A.A.K., Albanell, E., Such, X., Caja, G. 2013. Physiological responses and lactational performances of late-lactation dairy goats under heat stress conditions. J. Dairy Sci., 96, 6355-6365. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2013-6665National Research Council (NRC). 1971. A guide to envronmental research on animals. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science.Sánches-Molano, E., Kapsona, V.V., Ilska, J.J., Desire, S., Conington, J., Mucha, S., Banos., G. 2019. Genetic analysis of novel phenotypes for farm animal resilience to weather variability. BMC Genetics., 20-84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-019-0787-zSilanikove, N., N. Koluman (Darcan). 2015. Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones: predications on the overall negative impact and on the positive role of dairy goats in adaptation to earth warming. Small Rumin Res., 123, 27-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.11.00

The veal quality of Slovak Simmental breed in relation to sex

Article Details: Received: 2020-11-03 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.118-121The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sex on selected fattening, carcass and qualitative veal parameters of Slovak Simmental breed. The comparison was carried out on the 8 male and the 8 female animals. The animals were reared under the same housing conditions and were fed with grass hay (ad libitum), feed straw and calves feed concentrate, and had a free access to the fresh water. The fattening period started from about 70 days of age to required final weight. Length of the fattening period was 180 days. The slaughter and carcass composition, carcass yield, qualitative, physical and technological characteristics of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle were studied. We found a significantly higher proportion of bones and a significantly higher proportion of separable fat in the carcass half in males. Higher proportion of meat were found in females. At the heifers was found, although not significantly, a higher proportion of internal fat (rumen, intestinal, kidney, pelvic). Significantly different pH measured 24 hours post mortem was found between males and females (P<0.01). Parameter of meat colour – lightness was higher identified in male calves at 24 hour and 7 days post mortem. Higher redness value was identified in female calves at 24 hour and 7 days post mortem. Keywords: Slovak Simmental breed, sex, carcass, veal qualityReferencesBARTOŇ, L. et al. (2003). Growth, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of Czech Pied and Holstein bulls. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 48, (11): 466–474. Czech Journal of Animal ScienceCAFFERKY, J. et al. (2019) Efect of Breed and Gender on Meat Quality of M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum Muscle from Crossbred Beef Bulls and Steers. Foods 2019, 8, 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8050173ĆIRIĆ, J. et al. (2017) The relationship between the carcass characteristics and meat composition of young Simmental beef cattle. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 85 012061. 59th International Meat Industry Conference MEATCON 2017, Zlatibor, Serbia, 6; https://doi :10.1088/1755-1315/85/1/012061DAZA, A. et al. (2014) Effect of gender on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat and fat quality of calves of Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed fattened under free-range conditions. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 12(3): 683-693. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2014123-4693 ISSN: 1695-971XFILIPČÍK, R. et al. ( 2009) The factors influencing beef quality in bulls, heifers and steers. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 42, (2): 54–61.  ISSN 1337-9984KUČEVIĆ, D. et al. (2019) Influence of Farm Management for Calves on Growth Performance and Meat Quality Traits Duration Fattening of Simmental Bulls and Heifers. Animals, 9, 941; http//doi:10.3390/ani9110941LI, Q. et al. (2018)  Effects of age on slaughter performance and meat quality of Binlangjang male buffalo. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 25, 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.001LUKIC, M. et al. (2016) Carcass performance of Simmental and Holstein Friesian beef cattle in Serbia. Meat Technology 57, 2, 95–101. ISSN 2466-4812. ID: 227939852.MARENČIĆ,D. (2018) The effect of sex and age at slaughter on the physicochemical properties of baby-beef meat. Veterinarski Arhiv 88 (1), 101-110. DOI: 10.24099/vet.arhiv.160720MUIŽNIECE, I. et al. (2020) Effect of sex and age on beef cattle meat pH. Agricultural Science and Practice, Vol. 7, No. 2. ISSN: 2312–3370, UDC 636.2.03SANTOS, P.V., et al. (2013). Carcass physical composition and meat quality of Holstein calves, terminated in different finishing systems and slaughter weights. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 37(5), 443-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542013000500008WĘGLARZ, A. (2010) Meat quality defined based on pH and colour depending on cattle category and slaughter season. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 55 (12): 548–556. https://doi.org/10.17221/2520-CJA

Genetic structure of breeds of goats bred in Slovakia

Article Details: Received: 2019-12-16 | Accepted: 2020-03-24 | Available online: 2020-06-30https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.02.49-50The genetic structure of five goat breeds bred in Slovakia was characterized using a visible genetic profile and biochemical polymorphic systems. Tree dairy goat breeds – White Shorthaired, Brown Shorthaired and Alpine goats – and two wool goat breeds – Angora and Cashmere goats – were evaluated. Calculated were the heterozygosity and the effective number of alleles for each locus based on the allele frequencies of eight genes determining type traits and biochemical polymorphic systems, as well as their average values as indicators characterizing the genetic variability of each breed. The genetic differences between breeds were also determined.Keywords: Goats, White Shorthaired, Brown Shorthaired, Alpine, Angora Cashmere, genetics, SlovakiaReferencesORAVCOVÁ, M. (2013). Pedigree analysis in White Shorthaired goat: First results. Archiv Tierzucht, 56, 547–554

Costs, income and economic efficiency of dairy sheep flocks

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-12 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.98-101The objective of this study was to analyse costs and incomes from milk/cheese and lamb production in dairy sheep flocks and to evaluate their economic efficiency by calculating the profit/loss that is expressed as the difference between these two economic indicators. Costs were calculated taking into account their individual item structure, revenues were calculated taking into account sales of milk/cheese and lamb production. The analysis included three-year period i.e. years 2017, 2018 and 2019. The object of investigations were twelve and thirteen dairy sheep flocks per year, respectively. Economic indicators were expressed in Eur per feeding day (costs) and/or in Eur per ewe and year (costs, sales, subsidies, profit/loss). Milk and lamb sales did not cover up costs spent on production and accounting for subsidy improved economic efficiency of dairy sheep only to a lower extent. Sheep farming thus produced with the loss. Across years, milk and lamb sales almost unchanged, whereas costs notably increased. No ability to cover up costs with revenues could become an obstacle for further survival of this livestock sector. The increase of both milk yield and lamb production is therefore needed.Keywords: small ruminants, expences, revenues, profit/loss Referencesde Rancourt, M. et al. (2006).  Mediterranean sheep and goats production: An uncertain future. Small Ruminant Research, 62, 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.08.012Eurostat. (2016). Livestock population in livestock units by type EU-28. Retrieved October, 2, 2020 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/databaseFAOSTAT. (2019). Food and agricultural data. Retreived October 2, 2020 from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#dataGunlu, A. et al. (2003). Relationship between average milk production costs and some selected technical and socio-economic factors surrounding dairy herds. Indian Journal Animal Sciences, 73(10), 1159–1162.Krupová, Z. et al. (2012).  Review of methodologies for costs calculating of ruminants in Slovakia. Jornal of Central European of Agriculture, 13(3), 426–445. https://doi.org/0.5513/JDEA01/13.3.1068Krupová, Z. et al. (2013). Economics of dairy sheep breeding in the year 2011. Agromagazine, 15(1), 12–13.Krupová, Z. et al. (2014).  Impact of variation in production traits, inputs costs and product prices on profitability in multi-purpose sheep. Spanish Jornal of Agricultural Research, 12(4), 902–912. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2014124-6166Michaličková, M. et al. (2014). Determinants of economic efficiency in dairy cattle and sheep. Slovak Jornal of Animal Science, 47(1), 39–50. Milán, M. J. et al. (2014). Cost structure and profitability of Assaf dairy sheep farms in Spain. Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 5239–5249. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7884Oravcová, M. and Peškovičová, D. (2008). Genetic nad environmental trends for milk production trends in sheep estimated with test-day model. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 21(8), 1088–1096. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70700Oravcová, M. et al. (2020). Costs in dairy sheep flocks in the year 2019. Agromagazine, 22(10), 10. Pamukova, D. and Momchilov, H. (2017). Analysis of revenues and production costs of dairy sheep farms. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 15(Suppl. 1), 277–281. https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2017.s.01.050 Trubačová, A. et al. (2019). Costs of agricultural products in the Slovak Republic in 2018. Bratislava: National Agricultural and Food Centre-RIEAF.Tzouramani, I. et al. (2011). An assessment of of the economic performance of organic dairy sheep farming in Greece. Livestock Science, 141, 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.05.01

Effect of weaning and sex on meat fatty acid profile of grazing lambs

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-20 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.25-28Twenty Tsigai and Suffolk crossbreed lambs in grazing conditions were used to investigate the effect of weaning status (weaned vs. unweaned) and sex on fatty acid composition of meat. Six males and four females were included in both groups, the weaned lambs group (WL) and the unweaned lambs group (UL). The fatty acid profile of Musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis intramuscular fat (IMF) were determined by gas chromatography and analysed by analysis of variance. WL displayed higher proportion of t11-C18:1 (P < 0.001), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) C18:2 (P < 0.01) and C20:4 (P < 0.05), n-3 PUFA C18:3 (P < 0.05), C20:5 (P < 0.01), C22:5 (P < 0.05), C22:6 (P < 0.05) and the total PUFA (P < 0.01) in IMF than UL. On the contrary, IMF of UL had higher proportion of the medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as C12:0 (P < 0.01), C14:0 (P < 0.01) and C16:0 (P < 0.01), the total SFA (P < 0.05) and the total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (P < 0.05). The weaning status had no significant effect on n-6/n-3 ratio, however the ratio was satisfactory low in both groups. The sex had no effect on a profile of essential and health beneficial fatty acids in meat of lamb. In conclusion, meat of weaned lambs in grazing system might be considered to obtain a higher proportion of healthy n-3 fatty acids compared to unweaned lambs.Keywords: fatty acids, intramuscular fat, lamb meat, weaned lambs, unweaned lambsReferencesBelanche, A. et al. (2019). Amulti-kingdom study reveals the plasticity of the rumen microbiota in response to a shift from non-grazing to grazing diets in sheep. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1-17.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00122Cañeque, V. et al. (2001). Effect of weaning age and slaughter weight on carcass and meat quality of Talaverana breed lambs raised at pasture. Animal Science, 73, 85-95.Cividini, A. et al. (2014). Fatty acid composition of lamb meat from the autochthonous Jezersko-Solčava breed reared in different production systems. Meat Science, 97(4), 480-485.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.12.012Cividini, A. et al. (2008). Fatty acid composition of lamb meat as affected by production system, weaning and sex. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, Suplement 2, 47-52.De Brito, G. F. et al. (2017). TheEfect of Extensive Feeding Systems on Growth Rate, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Finishing Lambs. Comprehensive Reviews. Food Science and Food Safety. 16(1), 23-38. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12230Enser, M. et al. (1998). Fatty acid content and composition of UK beef and lamb muscle in relation to production systemand implications for human nutrition. Meat Science., 49, 329–341.French, P. et al. (2000). Fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid, of intramuscular fat from steers offered grazed grass, grass silage, or concentrate-based diets. Journal of Animal Science, 78, 2849-2855.Howes, N. L. (2015). Opportunities and Implications of Pasture-Based Lamb Fattening to Enhance the Long-Chain Fatty Acid Composition in Meat. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 14(1), 22-36. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12118Jacques, J. et al. (2016). Meat quality, organoleptic characteristics, and fatty acid composition of Dorset lambs fed different forage to concentrate ratios or fresh grass. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 97, 290-301.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2016-0104Kosulwat, S. et al. (2003). Lipid composition of Australian retail lamb cuts with differing carcass classification characteristics. Meat Science, 65, 1413-1420.Margetin, M. et al. (2018). Fatty acids in intramuscular fat of Ile de France lambs in two different production Systems. Archives Animal Breeding, 61(4), 395-403. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-395-2018Velasco, S et al. (2004). Effect of different feeds on meat quality and fatty acid composition of lambs fattened at pasture. Meat Science, 66(2), 457-465. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(03)00134-7Velasco, S. et al. (2001) Fatty acid composition of adipose depots of suckling lambs raised under different production systems. Meat Science, 59(3), 325-333.Velasco, S. et al. (2000). Carcass and meat quality of Talaverana breed sucking lambs in relation to gender and slaughter weight. Animal Science, 70, 253-263.Woods, V. B., &Fearon, A. M. (2009). Dietary sources of unsaturated fatty acids for animals and their transfer into meat, milk and eggs: A review. Livestock Science, 126, 1-20