6 research outputs found
Inorganic polyphosphate as an energy source in tumorigenesis
IndexaciΓ³n ScopusCancer cells have high demands for energy to maintain their exceedingly proliferative growth. However, the mechanism of energy expenditure in cancer is not well understood. We hypothesize that cancer cells might utilize energy-rich inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), as energetic reserve. PolyP is comprised of orthophosphates linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, as in ATP. Here, we show that polyP is highly abundant in several types of cancer cells, including brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs), i.e., stem-like cells derived from a mouse brain tumor model that we have previously described. The polymer is avidly consumed during starvation of the BTICs. Depletion of ATP by inhibiting glycolysis and mitochondrial ATP-synthase (OXPHOS) further decreases the levels of polyP and alters morphology of the cells. Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis of the polymer impairs the viability of cancer cells and significantly deprives ATP stores. These results suggest that polyP might be utilized as a source of phosphate energy in cancer. While the role of polyP as an energy source is established for bacteria, this finding is the first demonstration that polyP may play a similar role in the metabolism of cancer cells. Copyright: Β© 2020 Boyineni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.https://www.oncotarget.com/article/27838/text
ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ)
In children with extrahepatic portal hypertension (EPHT), the most frequent and life-threatening complication is bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach. Therefore, the main task of HSV treatment is to prevent bleeding from the veins of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The most effective treatment is portosystemic bypass surgery, with effectiveness of 94%97%. However, the use of these operations is limited precisely by a decrease in portal liver perfusion and development of portosystemic encephalopathy. This study aimed to analyze domestic and foreign publications devoted to the surgical treatment of portal hypertension and the development of portosystemic encephalopathy during the postoperative period. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, eLibrary, RSCI, and Cyberleninka; 345 references were analyzed, 110 articles were reviewed, and 97 publications on the surgical treatment of portal hypertension were selected for the review. The development of portosystemic encephalopathy during the postoperative period often occurs after the imposition of total portosystemic bypass surgery. To reduce the risk of developing portosystemic encephalopathy, selective shunts have been developed, which to some extent preserve the PPP. With distal splenorenal anastomosis, the frequency of portosystemic encephalopathy is 10%15%. An intermediate position is occupied by a side-to-side splenorenal anastomosis, which has signs of selective surgery. The results of the analysis of literature sources showed that discussions are still underway regarding the choice of the optimal treatment strategy for patients with EPHT, place and role of endoscopic methods for the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding, and mesoportal shunt in the treatment of patients with EPHT. Nevertheless, the majority of world experts consider mesoportal shunt to be the most optimal operation for the primary and secondary prevention of varicose bleeding and other HSV complications. If it is impossible to perform, selective bypass surgery of the distal splenorenal anastomosis can be an alternative to a mesoportal shunt.Π£ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π½ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ 9497 %. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π² Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, eLibrary, Π ΠΠΠ¦, Cyberleninka. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ 345 ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 110 ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ 97 ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1015 %. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ· Π±ΠΎΠΊ-Π²-Π±ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ°
Azodyes for liquid crystal photoalignment in displays and diffraction optical elements
Photoalignment on azo dye films is a simple and efficient way to achieve anisotropic ordering of molecules, which is promising to achieve ultra-thin high-performance dichroic polarizers. Besides, the photoalignment technique shows a unique advantage on patterned alignment applications, and enables the realization of advanced optical elements such as liquid crystal (LC) Dammann grating, LC Fresnel lens, holographic polarizers and bifocal optical-vortex lens. Β© 2022 SPIE