6 research outputs found

    Inorganic polyphosphate as an energy source in tumorigenesis

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    IndexaciΓ³n ScopusCancer cells have high demands for energy to maintain their exceedingly proliferative growth. However, the mechanism of energy expenditure in cancer is not well understood. We hypothesize that cancer cells might utilize energy-rich inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), as energetic reserve. PolyP is comprised of orthophosphates linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, as in ATP. Here, we show that polyP is highly abundant in several types of cancer cells, including brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs), i.e., stem-like cells derived from a mouse brain tumor model that we have previously described. The polymer is avidly consumed during starvation of the BTICs. Depletion of ATP by inhibiting glycolysis and mitochondrial ATP-synthase (OXPHOS) further decreases the levels of polyP and alters morphology of the cells. Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis of the polymer impairs the viability of cancer cells and significantly deprives ATP stores. These results suggest that polyP might be utilized as a source of phosphate energy in cancer. While the role of polyP as an energy source is established for bacteria, this finding is the first demonstration that polyP may play a similar role in the metabolism of cancer cells. Copyright: Β© 2020 Boyineni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.https://www.oncotarget.com/article/27838/text

    ΠžΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сосудистого ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹)

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    In children with extrahepatic portal hypertension (EPHT), the most frequent and life-threatening complication is bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach. Therefore, the main task of HSV treatment is to prevent bleeding from the veins of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The most effective treatment is portosystemic bypass surgery, with effectiveness of 94%97%. However, the use of these operations is limited precisely by a decrease in portal liver perfusion and development of portosystemic encephalopathy. This study aimed to analyze domestic and foreign publications devoted to the surgical treatment of portal hypertension and the development of portosystemic encephalopathy during the postoperative period. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, eLibrary, RSCI, and Cyberleninka; 345 references were analyzed, 110 articles were reviewed, and 97 publications on the surgical treatment of portal hypertension were selected for the review. The development of portosystemic encephalopathy during the postoperative period often occurs after the imposition of total portosystemic bypass surgery. To reduce the risk of developing portosystemic encephalopathy, selective shunts have been developed, which to some extent preserve the PPP. With distal splenorenal anastomosis, the frequency of portosystemic encephalopathy is 10%15%. An intermediate position is occupied by a side-to-side splenorenal anastomosis, which has signs of selective surgery. The results of the analysis of literature sources showed that discussions are still underway regarding the choice of the optimal treatment strategy for patients with EPHT, place and role of endoscopic methods for the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding, and mesoportal shunt in the treatment of patients with EPHT. Nevertheless, the majority of world experts consider mesoportal shunt to be the most optimal operation for the primary and secondary prevention of varicose bleeding and other HSV complications. If it is impossible to perform, selective bypass surgery of the distal splenorenal anastomosis can be an alternative to a mesoportal shunt.Π£ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ с Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ самым частым ΠΈ опасным для ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ослоТнСниСм являСтся ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΊΠ°. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ основная Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° лСчСния Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π½ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°. НаиболСС эффСктивным Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ портосистСмного ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… достигаСт 9497 %. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этих ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° сниТСния ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ развития портосистСмной энцСфалопатии. ЦСль исслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ отСчСствСнныС ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, посвящСнныС хирургичСскому Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ портосистСмной энцСфалопатии Π² послСопСрационном ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅. БистСматичСский поиск ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π² Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, eLibrary, РИНЦ, Cyberleninka. Анализу ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹ 345 ссылок, просмотрСно 110 статСй, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎ 97 ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ хирургичСскому Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Π² послСопСрационном ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ портосистСмной энцСфалопатии часто Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ послС налоТСния Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… портосистСмных ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Для сниТСния риска развития портосистСмной энцСфалопатии Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ сСлСктивныС ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ анастомозС частота ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΈ составляСт ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1015 %. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ анастомоз Π±ΠΎΠΊ-Π²-Π±ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ сСлСктивной ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° источников Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€ вСдутся дискуссии ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стратСгии лСчСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, мСста ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ эндоскопичСских ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… экспСртов ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ для ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ кровотСчСния ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ослоТнСний Π²Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ. А ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ нСвозмоТности Π΅Π΅ выполнСния опСрация сСлСктивого ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ анастомоза ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚Π°

    Azodyes for liquid crystal photoalignment in displays and diffraction optical elements

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    Photoalignment on azo dye films is a simple and efficient way to achieve anisotropic ordering of molecules, which is promising to achieve ultra-thin high-performance dichroic polarizers. Besides, the photoalignment technique shows a unique advantage on patterned alignment applications, and enables the realization of advanced optical elements such as liquid crystal (LC) Dammann grating, LC Fresnel lens, holographic polarizers and bifocal optical-vortex lens. Β© 2022 SPIE
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