An attempt at distinguishing subgroups of women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa by means of the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI).

In an attempt to identify diagnostically meaningful subgroups in a group of sixty women 18–34 years of age, 19 of them having a DSM-IV diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and 41 of bulimia nervosa, a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on their data obtained from the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). Variables also taken into account in the cluster analysis were those of the main diagnosis, depression, personality disorder, binge eating, purging, Body Mass Index and exercise. Five distinct clusters were found. Six of the eight EDI variables and fourteen of the twenty DMTm variables were represented in the description of the clusters. One anorexic and one bulimic cluster included DMTm signs previously found in patients with fibromyalgia. Two bulimic clusters included DMTm signs previously observed in patients with either distal or total ulcerative colitis. Hysteria was linked with the remaining anorexic cluster. On both EDI and DMTm the two main groups of anorexic and bulimic patients displayed few differences. It was mainly the various constellations of DMTm variables, interpreted in terms of the Andersson developmental and psychodynamic model of the mind, that were crucial for understanding the five clusters obtained

Enhanced denial or the emergence of affect isolation of an inclusive kind were uncommon in the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm) after successful psychodynamic therapy.

A group of 74 psychiatric patients who had undergone psychodynamic therapy (PDT; 24 women, 10 men), cognitive psychotherapy (CPT; 9 women, 2 men) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; 17 women, 12 men) were given the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm), a percept-genetic technique, both prior to therapy and four months after completing it, at which time they evaluated by questionnaire the therapeutic outcome in terms of their degree of satisfaction, change in personality, symptoms, and handling of problems and the therapy’s usefulness. As hypothesized, either an increase in denial or the emergence of inclusive affect isolation following therapy in DMTm occurred less frequently in PDT patients who rated their therapy as successful than in the remaining PDT patients and in both of the other two patient groups (CPT and CBT), irrespective in the latter case of how the therapeutic outcome was rated. The findings were interpreted in terms of the Andersson developmental and psychodynamic model of the mind

Lack of affect defenses, affekt isolation of an inclusive kind or affect inhibition were uncommon in the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm) when psychodynamic therapy was recommended by the clinical staff.

A group of 200 psychiatric patients, 129 women and 71 men, were given recommendations by a four-person staff of their receiving psychodynamic therapy (PDT; 47 women, 17 men), cognitive psychotherapy (CPT; 19 women, 5 men) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; 34 women, 20 men), or of their having no psychotherapy (NPT; 29 women, 29 men). The staff knew the ICD-10 diagnoses but made its judgments primarily on the basis of information obtained from a clinical interview performed with each of the patients by some one of the members of the staff. All of the patients were given the Defense Mechanism Technique modified (DMTm), a percept-genetic technique, although the results of it had not yet been scored and were thus not used by the staff in making their recommendations. The question of the characteristics that could be expected to appear in the DMTm less frequently when PDT is recommended than when CPT, CBT or NPT is recommended was considered. The following three DMTm characteristics were predicted to appear less frequently in the PDT patients than in the other three groups: a lack of affect defenses, the presence of affect isolation of an inclusive kind and affect inhibition. This was found to hold, both for the male and for the female patients. The occurrence of inclusive affect isolation was found to be the most decisive characteristic

Nurses views of interprofessional education and collaboration: A comparative study of recent graduates from three universities

Today interprofessional education (IPE) is spread throughout the world. In Sweden only one of the existing nursing programs has an IPE curriculum on several levels during the training. The aim of this study was to examine how nurses who recently graduated from universities with IPE or non-IPE curricula perceive the importance of different educational goals and whether they found themselves prepared for their profession, and especially for collaboration with other professions. Three universities with different commitments to IPE were studied. We used a survey with eight different targets: communication skills, cooperation with other professions, problem-solving capability, self-directed learning skills, whether their education has prepared them to work professionally, to perform research, to take care of acutely ill patients, to work preventively and working as a nurse. The participants were asked whether their undergraduate education had prepared them for these targets and whether they perceived that the targets were important goals for their education. A main result in this study was that nurses who had recently graduated from the IPE university perceived to a greater extent that their undergraduate training had prepared them to work together with other professions in comparison with nursing students from non-IPE universities

How to think about interprofessional competence: A metacognitive model

Different professions meet and work together in teams every day in health and social care. To identify and deliver the best quality of care for the patient, teamwork should be both professionally and interprofessionally competent. How can enhanced education prepare teamworkers to be both professionally and interprofessionally competent? To achieve interprofessional skills and design effective interprofessional curricula, there is a need for metacognitive frameworks focusing on the relationship between theories and the problem-solving process as well as the structure and content of professional competence. The aim of this article is to discuss the need for shared metacognitive structures/models as a tool for securing successful interprofessional learning and developing personal, professional and interprofessional competence to improve the quality of care. A metacognitive model for interprofessional education and practice is presented in this article. This model has been developed as a tool for analyzing professional competence on three levels: individual, team and organization. The model comprises seven basic components of professional competence and the way they are related and interact. Examples of how this metacognitive model can be used in the early, middle and late stages in interprofessional education are given.Funding Agencies|Faculty of Health Sciences at Linkoping University, Sweden|

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Cerebellar and Cerebral Amyloid Visualized by [18F]flutemetamol PET in Long-Term Hereditary V30M (p.V50M) Transthyretin Amyloidosis Survivors

Introduction: Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis caused by the V30M (p. V50M) mutation is a fatal, neuropathic systemic amyloidosis. Liver transplantation has prolonged the survival of patients and central nervous system (CNS) complications, attributed to amyloid angiopathy caused by CNS synthesis of variant transthyretin, have emerged. The study aimed to ascertain amyloid deposition within the brain in long-term ATTRv amyloidosis survivors with neurological symptoms from the CNS. Methods: A total of 20 patients with ATTR V30M having symptoms from the CNS and a median disease duration of 16 years (8–25 years) were included in this study. The cognitive and peripheral nervous functions were determined for 18 patients cross-sectionally at the time of the investigation. Amyloid brain deposits were examined by [18F]flutemetamol PET/CT. Five patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) served as positive controls. Result: 60% of the patients with ATTRv had a pathological Z-score in the cerebellum, compared to only 20% in the patients with AD. 75% of the patients with transient focal neurological episodes (TFNEs) displayed a pathological uptake only in the cerebellum. Increased cerebellar uptake was related to an early age of onset of the ATTRv disease. 55% of the patients with ATTRv had a pathological Z-score in the global cerebral region compared to 100% of the patients with AD. Conclusion: Amyloid deposition within the brain after long-standing ATTRv amyloidosis is common, especially in the cerebellum. A cerebellar amyloid uptake profile seems to be related to TFNE symptoms

IT som aktivt stöd till studenters lärande? 66

Process och produkt 5:e universitetspedagogiska konferensen vid Linköpings universite