Latent image formation in thallous bromide-gelatin and related systems

Latent Image formation made apparent by double decomposition with AgNO(3) and ordinary development has been studied In thallous bromide-gelatin systems. The plates prepared were found to be much faster than those previously made(11), relatively stable latent Image formation and no reduction in capacity for such formation with time being features noted. The type of gelatin used was found to be largely responsible for the speed Increases.The speed of the emulsion was found to be increased by large amounts of bromine acceptors, but small amounts apparently had little effect. Contrary to previous work (11), the presence of Iodide In Increasing amounts decreased the sensitivity of the plate to blue light.The thallous bromide plates were found to be directly sensitive to green light. Reversal was found to take place with red,green and low intensity blue light, but In the case of the blue light such reversals were only found at much higher primary densities and lower intensity values than In previous work. The straight line relation between the bleaching limit and the primary density was confirmed, A general desensitisation effect was found when malachite green and and methylene blue were aided to finished emulsions and an increase of the intensity of light at which the bleaching limit occurred, was observed.A study was made of the latent image distribution in thallous bromide grains, using dichromate bleachers, surface and total developers, and another reversal effect was observed, which was dependent on the Internal image•The Gurney-Mott mechanism of latent image formation is considered to be applicable in general to the thallous bromide system. An approximate general equation was extended and developed.Finally, some preliminary work was done on the possible latent image formation in lead bromide, antimony oxybromide and bismuth oxybromide. In the last case latent image fomation was shown to be present but was capable of development to a much smaller extent than in the thallous bromide system

Online Peer Observation: An Exploration of a Cross-Discipline Observation Project

In this article the authors compare two phases of an ongoing, annual online peer observation project at the Open University. Adopting a non-managerialist approach, the project aims to give teachers a renewed sense of collegiality, allowing them to take responsibility for aspects of their professional development and share practice points. While the first phase focused on a single discipline group in languages, the second brought together teachers in languages with teachers of Math, Computing, and Technology, all employing Elluminate Live as their online teaching platform. The authors comment on congruent and divergent gains emerging from the two phases

New diatom taxa from the world’s first marine Bioblitz held in New Zealand: Skeletomastus a new genus, Skeletomastus coelatus nov. comb. and Pleurosigma inscriptura a new species

Diatoms were investigated as part of the world’s first marine Bioblitz held on the south coast of Wellington, New Zealand, in October 2007. Two unusual diatoms were associated with the red alga Herposiphonia ceratoclada. They were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The first, previously described as »Cocconeis coelata« Arnott ex Greville, is a thick-ribbed biraphid diatom that appears to have an undular raphe and marginal septum like some Mastogloia species, but it does not have partecta in the valvocopula. Instead it has short marginal ribs that support a pseudoseptum. Its solid lyre and multiseriate striae with cibrate pores could be modifications of similar structures in Aneumastus aksaraiensis Spaulding et al. It typifies the new genus Skeletomastus which appears to be close to both Mastogloia and Aneumastus, hence the name. The second is a proposed new Pleurosigma species, P. inscriptura with naviculoid symmetry and a markedly sigmoid raphe system with deflected ends. It appears bright blue in darkfield illumination which helped us locate it in other samples from theWellington region.We compare it with some other Pleurosigma species and consider their diffraction properties

An Investigation of the Relationship between Therapist Characteristics and Alliance in Group Therapy for Individuals with Treatment-Resistant Auditory Hallucination

Alliance is a well-studied construct across psychotherapy research; however little research has investigated predictors of alliance in a group context. This study investigates the relationship between therapist characteristics and behaviors in 65 individuals with schizophrenia receiving outpatient group therapy for treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations. Trained raters coded 120 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy or supportive therapy for therapist warmth and friendliness, therapist exploration and negative therapist attitude. The results showed that higher levels of therapist warmth and friendliness in sessions four, and lower levels of negative therapist attitude in sessions two and three predicted stronger alliance at week six. Therapist exploration in sessions one to five did not predict alliance at week six. Additional analyses indicated that lower negative therapist attitude in sessions two and five was associated with higher post- treatment symptom scores. Therapist characteristics did not predict treatment attendance or participation. Implications for clinical practice are discussed

An Investigation of an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Auditory Hallucinations

Many individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders experience on-going symptoms despite adequate medication trials. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for psychosis and CBT for auditory hallucinations have been found to be effective adjunctive treatments in reducing positive and general symptoms associated with psychosis but are not widely available in North America. Internet CBT has emerged as a promising way to deliver empirically supported treatments to individuals who may not be able to otherwise access them. Internet CBT programs have been widely developed for anxiety, depressive, eating and substance use disorders yet, despite evidence that individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are willing and able to use computer based interventions, no internet CBT programs have been developed for psychotic disorders. The current study is an investigation of a novel internet CBT program (Coping with Voices) for auditory hallucinations. Twenty-three individuals participated in a self-directed, ten session CBT program designed to alter maladaptive beliefs associated with auditory hallucinations, increase positive coping strategies and provide psychoeducation about psychosis and auditory hallucinations. Subjects completed measures of general and positive symptoms as well as measures regarding the dimensions of voices and beliefs about voices. Results indicated a significant reduction in total psychiatric symptoms, as well as the general symptoms associated with schizophrenia. A significant reduction in the intensity of auditory hallucinations and a trend towards a reduction in positive symptoms and improvements in overall functioning were also found. No significant differences were found in measures of beliefs about voices or community and social functioning. Client satisfaction was generally high and feedback about the program positive. Limitations of this study include the lack of a control group or comparison treatment, the small sample size, and the lack of blinded raters. Overall results suggest the Coping with Voices program may be a promising intervention for individuals experiencing auditory hallucinations.Doctor of Philosoph

Celebrating 70 years of nursing and midwifery in NHS Scotland. [Exhibition]

This set of infographics were displayed together in an exhibition celebrating 70 years of nursing and midwifery in NHS Scotland. They highlight events and images covering each decade of the history of NHS Scotland, from the 1940s through to present day and beyond

Investigation of Nondestructive Testing Methods for Friction Stir Welding

Friction stir welding is a method of materials processing that enables the joining of similar and dissimilar materials. The process, as originally designed by The Welding Institute (TWI), provides a unique approach to manufacturing—where materials can be joined in many designs and still retain mechanical properties that are similar to, or greater than, other forms of welding. This process is not free of defects that can alter, limit, and occasionally render the resulting weld unusable. Most common amongst these defects are kissing bonds, wormholes and cracks that are often hidden from visual inspection. To identify these defects, various nondestructive testing methods are being used. This paper presents background to the process of friction stir welding and identifies major process parameters that affect the weld properties, the origin, and types of defects that can occur, and potential nondestructive methods for ex-situ detection and in-situ identification of these potential defects, which can then allow for corrective action to be taken