Effectiveness of Difference Soil and Manure Mixture on Growth and Yield of Bak Choy Planted in Bags

The study of soil groups, soil types, and soil characteristics is very important for the cultivation of crops in Cambodia. Selecting soil types that are not suitable for the type of crop will result in poor crop growth, slowness, and low yields. In the same way that the cultivation of crops in the production of vegetable crops is the same, that is, choosing the type of soil that is suitable for the crop is a point to consider and pay attention to. Due to some geographical areas in some communes, the topography is sandy or rocky, and the soil is hard, making it difficult for farmers to prepare parallel cultivable land where some people have less land and try to cultivate it using plastic buckets. Cement or bags to grow as a vegetable or grow to get some yield just to meet daily food needs; avoid spending money to buy vegetables from the market. Bak Choy is a crop that can grow on almost any type of soil, especially alluvial soils. It also has many benefits for the body, such as strengthening bones, the immune system, cancer cells, and so on. However, the cultivation of kale also encounters a number of problems, such as poor growth, low yields, pests, and diseases, especially the technique of choosing the wrong soil mixture, which affects the growth and yield. Not so good. A comparative study of different levels of soil and manure mixes on the growth and yield of Bak Choy in AmpilTapok commune, Orang Ov district, ThbongKhmum province. On the growth and yield of the first treatment (T1), the use of soil mix with cow dung, the second treatment (T2), the use of soil mix with chicken manure, and the third treatment (T3), the use of soil mix with pig manure is grown using a mixture of soil mixed with chicken manure (T2), which grows well and gives high yields in other ways

Differences Between Breeding and Weaning Khmer Channa Striata and Vietnamese Channa Striata at Freshwater Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Cambodia

This study aimed to analyze the eating practices of Channa striata species, examine breeding, hatching, yield, and post-mortem survival rates, and measure the growth and feeding of Channa striata. The investigation was divided into two main stages. In the first stage, only male fish were injected with the hormone HCG during incubation. In the second stage, both male and female fish received the hormone concurrently. One PG was added to the initial injection at a dose of 500 IU/kg. The second dose was administered at a rate of 300 IU/kg, while the female fish received a dosage of 1000 IU/kg. After three days of consuming their food reserves, the young fish (powder or hatchlings) are fed. Moina is fed to them four times a day for ten days during this phase. When the fingerlings are 45 to 60 days old, the third step in the weaning process involves feeding them a mixture of Moina and trash fish four times a day. This continues until the fish are old enough to consume their own food, at which point they can begin to be raised for meat. The entire Completely Randomized Design (CRD) procedure was used to design the experiment, with one restriction: only the Khmer and Vietnamese Channa Striata species were included. The average fertilization rate for Khmer Channa Striata fish was 67.50%, with an average hatching rate of 62.86%. In comparison, the Vietnamese Channa Striata fish had an average fertilization rate of 47.25% and an average hatching rate of 87.13%. Vietnamese Channa Striata fish also had a higher average survival rate (88.50%) compared to Khmer Channa Striata fish (92.29%). After harvest, Vietnamese Channa Striata fish had an average weight of 334.0 g/head and an average length of 27.63 cm, exceeding the Cambodian carp's average weight of 214.9 g/head and average length of only 23.42 cm. For Khmer Channa Striata fish, the average monthly death rate decreased from 2.06% to 0.022%. Vietnamese Channa Striata fish saw a similar decrease, with their average monthly death rate going from 2.46% to 0.022%. While Vietnamese Channa Striata fish consumed an average of 333 g/head to 1269 g/head of feed, Khmer Channa Striata fish received between 298 g/head and 1013 g/head of feed. This study discovered that while there remain some issues with the growth chain and feeding habits, the benefits of Khmer Channa Striata fish, such as their higher fertility rate and survival rate after three days of reserve, were greater than those of Vietnamese Channa Striata fish. Researchers should focus on ongoing studies to address the issues raised by these findings, particularly in research facilities that are still seeking collaborators to support deeper research into fish species and identify superior-quality fish for cultivation by farmers

Effect of Calcium on the Growth of Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Melon (Cucumis melon L.) is an important crop for the world economy, and it is one of the most valuable crops in the market. The cultivation of melon in Cambodia is still low due to the unclear use of varieties and the inappropriate cultivation techniques that cannot achieve high yields. This is the reason why this research is conducted. The objectives of this research are: 1. to compare the growth of melon varieties with calcium in Svay Rieng province condition, 2. to study the appropriate level of calcium fertilizer on melon yield in the supplementary stage, and 3. to study the fruit quality of the five melon varieties. This experiment was arranged into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications and 20 treatments equivalent to 80 plots totallyat the Agricultural Station of Svay Rieng University. The results showed that the application of calcium fertilizer and foliar spraying once every 7 days resulted in the highest growth of melon plants. The use of different varieties showed that the melon varieties V4 (Lady Green = 547) and V2 (Lady Gold = 518) received the highest number of seeds. Thus, in summary, comparing the growth of 5 melon cultivars with 4 levels of calcium fertilizer, the results showed that the application of calcium fertilizer and leaf spray every 4 days, every 7 days, made the melon crop. Growth, yield, and fruit quality are excellent. The use of different varieties showed that only the melon varieties V4, V1, and V2 are the best

Improving the Sustainability of Agricultural Activities and the Environmental Impact: A Review

Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) determine the level of food production, sustainability of agriculture productivity, and global environmental conditions. GAP has greatly increased the supply of food to meet global demand and has had a negative impact on the environment, and ecosystem services are calling for the need for more sustainable agricultural systems. The purpose of reviewing the paper is to determine how good agricultural practices will be the best requirements for sustainable agriculture and the food chain. Additionally, this study explains how agro-forestry can be a highly effective means of ensuring agricultural sustainability by improving soil fertility, providing a more diverse range of crop production options, and enhancing the economic and social aspects of agriculture. To accomplish this, especially in developing nations, it is crucial to comprehend the many advantages of agro-forestry and to grow the system. This is because maintaining life on earth depends on improved soil fertility and food securit

A Review on Development of Aquaculture in Cambodia

Aquaculture in Cambodia is gaining popularity due to growing anthropogenic pressures. Policy discourse is promoting its development as a viable alternative to fisheries. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries reports that aquaculture contributes to the daily livelihoods of rural poor farmers and employment. Fish is a significant source of animal protein, and aquaculture-based fisheries offer enormous potential for fish culture production. NGOs and other organizations are playing a significant role in developing aquaculture and managing aquatic resources in Cambodia. This study is to review on the development of aquaculture sector in Cambodia. The result showed that fish is the most important source of animal protein in Cambodian people’s daily diet. There is enormous potential in fish culture production from floating cage culture, earthen pond culture and rice-fish culture and other fish culture activities in small water bodies or aquaculture-based fisheries in Cambodia. Moreover, fish does not only play a major role in the daily diet, but also in the employment, economy of the rural poor farmer and improvement of women role in aquacultur

A Review on the Best Practices of Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries

Due to its detrimental effects on human wellbeing, extreme poverty, which exists in many developing nations, is a serious issue that requires immediate attention. It entails inadequate food and nutrition, inadequate housing, unsafe drinking water, low literacy rates, high rates of infant and maternal death, high unemployment, and a sense of helplessness and vulnerability. Reducing poverty can be accomplished through increasing employment and educational opportunities for the underprivileged; implementing institutional and economic reforms to increase productivity and optimize resource use; endorsing microfinance initiatives to lift barriers to small-scale business, innovation, and entrepreneurship; and creating and refining marketing strategies to boost output. Conducting this review is based on an analysis of old and recent literature. It looks at the development and meaning of poverty. Additionally, based on current discussions on the idea, the review shows the disparities in interpretations in developing nations and emphasizes the varied viewpoints regarding the concept of povert

A Review on Freshwater Pond Fish Farming in Cambodia

In addition to producing fish, freshwater fish pond farms preserve biodiversity, serve as important aquatic ecosystems, and enhance and maintain of the quality of the ecosystem, provide services for a range of recreational activities, are crucial to the management of water and landscape, and aid in the preservation of cultural heritage. the evaluation of reviews of the literature from all pertinent sources. Review findings indicated that high-value species are the most common fish farmed in Cambodia\u27s ponds and cages such as snakehead (Channa micropeltes, Channa striata), Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and hybrid catfish (Clarias batrachus and C. gariepinus) and introduced fishes such as Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus), Chinese carps (silver, bighead and grass carp). The prospects of Cambodia\u27s aquaculture industry are called into question by these findings, as it is currently organized, to make a significant contribution to employment, food and nutrition security, and rural economic development. We propose actions to increase sector sustainability and contribute to desired development outcome

Common Chicken Diseases in Smallholder Farming: A Review

Smallholder chicken farming is an important source of food and income for millions of people around the world as well as in rural areas. However, chicken diseases can cause significant losses to smallholder farmers. The objective of this review is to discuss the most common chicken diseases in smallholder farming, and to discuss the challenges that smallholder farmers face in preventing and controlling chicken diseases. As methodology, this paper summarizes and synthesizes the existing research on the common chicken diseases in smallholder farming. The results showed that there are a variety of chicken diseases, which can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. One of the biggest challenges in preventing and controlling chicken diseases is the lack of access to veterinary care and vaccines for smallholder farmers. Another challenge is the lack of knowledge about chicken diseases among many smallholder farmers. However, chicken diseases can be prevented and controlled through a variety of measures, including: vaccination, biosecurity, and good management practices. For recommendation, farmers should avoid selecting seeds in the nest for breeding, and farmers should use animal feed that is self-produced and composed of existing raw materials in the village or district, especially farmers who should be adequately vaccinated against chicken diseas

Fundamental of Theories on Human Resource Quality Improvement in the Universities and Lesson Learned For Svay Rieng University, Cambodia

The development of human resources in education and training is becoming more important, and the roles of human resources have become necessary to contribute to all sectors of national development. This study aims to codify the fundamental theories on human resources quality improvement in universities and draw lessons learned for Svay Rieng University. As a methodology, the research results are mainly collected from the published information, and descriptive statistics are the principal analytical method used in this article. The study presents the basic concepts of human resources, human resources quality, human resources management structure in universities, and the rational structure of human resources in universities. As lessons learned, in order to develop the quality of lecturers as well as human resources at Svay Rieng University, first of all, it must have proper, reasonable, and objective assessments so that it can clearly find out the strengths, weaknesses, and constraints of human resources quality improvement. After accurately assessing these issues, it is necessary to have regulations, policies, and strategies for human resources development; therefore, human resources can constantly improve their quality and quantity to meet the vision and mission of the university in the next period