Liberal Feminism in Ika Natassa’s Novel Critical Eleven

This study aimed to reveal the liberal feminism in Ika Natassa’s novel, Critical Eleven. This study applied liberal feminism as proposed by Lewis (2018) who claims that liberal feminism focuses on the issues of woman’s equality in the workplace, education and political rights. This study used qualitative methods since it involved the characteristics of qualitative procedures of analysis (Creswell, 2009). The main data were collected from the novel, and the supporting data were taken from books, journals and websites dealing with the subject matter of this research. Therefore, this study is categorized as a library research study as is noted by Herbert (1990: 18) who claims that a library research study is research to collect ideas and theories and to report empirical data within scholarship in the library. The research results show that of the three issues foccused on in liberal feminism as proposed by Lewis (2018), those of woman’s equality in the workplace and education are vividly reflected in the novel by the character named Anya who had a prestigious education (she is a Georgetown University graduate) and also has a good career as a management consultant. Equality in political rights is not found in the novel. Keywords: Feminism, Liberal Feminism, Women, Equality in Education, Equality in the Workplac

Liberal Feminism in Ika Natassa's Novel Critical Eleven

This study aimed to reveal the liberal feminism in Ika Natassa's novel, Critical Eleven. This study applied liberal feminism as proposed by Lewis (2018) who claims that liberal feminism focuses on the issues of woman's equality in the workplace, education and political rights. This study used qualitative methods since it involved the characteristics of qualitative procedures of analysis (Creswell, 2009). The main data were collected from the novel, and the supporting data were taken from books, journals and websites dealing with the subject matter of this research. Therefore, this study is categorized as a library research study as is noted by Herbert (1990: 18) who claims that a library research study is research to collect ideas and theories and to report empirical data within scholarship in the library. The research results show that of the three issues foccused on in liberal feminism as proposed by Lewis (2018), those of woman's equality in the workplace and education are vividly reflected in the novel by the character named Anya who had a prestigious education (she is a Georgetown University graduate) and also has a good career as a management consultant. Equality in political rights is not found in the novel. Keywords: Feminism, Liberal Feminism, Women, Equality in Education, Equality in the Workplac

Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 Improves Pancreatic Histopathology in Streptozotocin-induced Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

BACKGROUND: Intestinal microbial dysbiosis and its metabolites can affect the immune activity of intestinal mucosal cells, causing insulitis and pancreatic β-cell death. Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus plays an important role in reducing inflammatory cytokines, hence improves oxidative stress that affects pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. Current study examined the feature of pancreatic histopathology affected by the administration of probiotic L. acidophilus in rats with type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM) induced by streptozotocin (STZ).METHODS: Twelve rats were induced by STZ at double dose of 50 mg/kgBB before administered with probiotic L. acidophilus at a dose of 1.5x10 8 or 1.5x10 9 CFU/mL/day, while other 4 rats were used as control. After 21 days of the L. acidophilus treatment, the average of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of rats were measured, then the pancreatic histopathology was assessed to evaluate the degree of insulitis in islet of Langerhans.RESULTS: The induction of STZ had been succeeded to increase blood glucose levels, which indicate DM condition. The highest FBG level after 21 days of treatment was found in DM group with glucose level of 512±81.51 mg/dL. The administration of probiotic L. acidophilus during 21 days treatment at both dose 1.5x10 8 and 1.5x10 9 CFU/mL/day significantly improved pancreatic histopathology (p=0.04 and p=0.034, respectively), with significant decrease on insulitis scores compared to DM group.CONCLUSION: The administration of L. acidophilus at both dose of 1.5x10 8 and 1.5x10 9 CFU/mL/day for 21 days can improve pancreatic histopathology of type-1 DM rats induced by STZ, therefore probiotic L. acidophilus may be potential as supplementation treatment for type-1 DM.KEYWORDS: Lactobacillus acidophilus, pancreatic histopathology, streptozotocin, type-1 diabetes mellitu