Carcinoma de próstata com diferenciação neuroendócrina: relato de caso

Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinomas generally confers a more aggressive clinical behavior and less favorable prognosis than usual prostatic carcinomas. In this manuscript, we report a case of a 58-year-old man with prostatic carcinoma who died 1 year after initial diagnosis. Autopsy showed a disseminated prostatic carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. There were metastasis to the spleen, an organ infrequently involved by disseminated epithelial neoplasms. Neuroendocrine differentiation was demonstrated by immunohistochemical studies in the biopsy and autopsy material.Os carcinomas da próstata com diferenciação neuroendócrina apresentam comportamento mais agressivo e prognóstico menos favorável que as neoplasias prostáticas usuais. No presente relato de caso é reportada a rápida evolução para o óbito de um paciente de 58 anos portador de adenocarcinoma de próstata com diferenciação neuroendócrina. A autópsia mostrou neoplasia disseminada, acometendo inclusive o baço, sítio incomum de envolvimento metastático de neoplasias de origem epitelial. A diferenciação neuroendócrina foi demonstrada por estudo imunohistoquímico em material de biópsia e autópsia

Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma

Oesophageal cancers are prominent worldwide; however, there are few targeted therapies and survival rates for these cancers remain dismal. Here we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 164 carcinomas of the oesophagus derived from Western and Eastern populations. Beyond known histopathological and epidemiologic distinctions, molecular features differentiated oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas resembled squamous carcinomas of other organs more than they did oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Our analyses identified three molecular subclasses of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but none showed evidence for an aetiological role of human papillomavirus. Squamous cell carcinomas showed frequent genomic amplifications of CCND1 and SOX2 and/or TP63, whereas ERBB2, VEGFA and GATA4 and GATA6 were more commonly amplified in adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal adenocarcinomas strongly resembled the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these cancers could be considered a single disease entity. However, some molecular features, including DNA hypermethylation, occurred disproportionally in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. These data provide a framework to facilitate more rational categorization of these tumours and a foundation for new therapies

Precisão diagnóstica das doenças cirúrgicas nos exames por congelação

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o grau de precisão diagnóstica dos exames por congelação em diferentes sítios anatômicos realizados em um serviço universitário de patologia. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo a partir de banco de dados informatizado de todos os exames por congelação. Estes diagnósticos foram comparados com os definitivos em parafina, utilizados como controles. Os exames foram distribuídos em três grupos: inconclusivos, concordantes e não concordantes, sendo este último subdivido em falsos positivos e falsos negativos. As principais indicações dos exames e os sítios anatômicos envolvidos com as divergências diagnósticas também foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Quatrocentas e trinta e três peças cirúrgicas foram submetidas a exames por congelação, sendo a principal indicação o diagnóstico da lesão (75,75%). Em 404 exames (93,30%) os diagnósticos das biópsias por congelação e em parafina foram concordantes. Em 20 (4,62%) casos os resultados das biópsias por congelação foram inconclusivos e em nove (2,08%) ocorreram falsos negativos. Não houve resultados falsos positivos. O principal órgão avaliado foi a tireoide (25,64%). Na análise global, a região do corpo mais relacionada com os diagnósticos inconclusivos por congelação foi a tireoide (sete casos) e em relação aos sítios específicos foram os pulmões/pleura/mediastino (13,33%). Pele foi o órgão que mais apresentou diagnósticos discordantes entre biópsias por congelação e em parafina. CONCLUSÃO: A acurácia da congelação de forma global foi de 93,30%; por sítios anatômicos específicos, a precisão diagnóstica variou de 86,67% a 100%

Treatment of rectal leiomyoma by endoscopic resection

Leiomyomas of the rectum are rare, with low reported incidence in literature. In most cases, patients are asymptomatic, and are often incidental endoscopic findings. The difficult distinction from leiomyosarcomas, associated with the possibility of recurrence, implies the absence of a standard treatment. Endoscopic resection, if well indicated, may be a therapeutic option. In this study, we report two cases of asymptomatic leiomyoma of the rectum in two patients, discovered incidentally during a routine colonoscopy, removed by conventional polypectomy and discuss its diagnostic and therapeutic aspects based on a literature review

Original Paper Airway proteoglycans are differentially altered in fatal asthma

Abstract It has been suggested that airway remodelling is responsible for the persistent airway obstruction and decline in lung function observed in some asthmatic patients. The small airways are thought to contribute significantly to this functional impairment. Proteoglycans (PGs) are important components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lungs. Besides controlling biophysical properties of the ECM, they play important roles in the regulation of some cytokines. Increased subepithelial PG deposition in the airways of mild asthmatics has been reported. However, there are no data on the PG content in small airways in asthma. This study has compared the content and distribution of PGs in large and small airways of patients who died of asthma with those in control lungs. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to determine the content of lumican, decorin, biglycan, and versican in large (internal perimeter >6 mm) and small (internal perimeter ≤6 mm) airways of 18 patients who had died of asthma (A) and ten controls (C). The results were expressed as PG area (µm 2 )/epithelial basement membrane length (µm). The main differences between asthmatics and controls were observed in the small airways. There was a significant decrease in decorin and lumican contents in the external area of small airways in asthmatics (decorin: A = 1.05 ± 0.27 µm, C = 3.97 ± 1.17 µm, p = 0.042; lumican: A = 1.97 ± 0.37 µm, C = 5.66 ± 0.99 µm, p = 0.002). A significant increase in versican content in the internal area of small and large airways in asthmatics was also observed (small: A = 7.48 ± 0.84 µm, C = 5.16 ± 0.61 µm, p = 0.045; large: A = 18.38 ± 1.94 µm, C = 11.90 ± 2.86 µm, p = 0.028). The results show that PGs are differentially expressed in the airways of fatal asthma and may contribute to airway remodelling. These data reinforce the importance of the small airways in airway remodelling in asthma

Ectopic Thyroid Presenting as a Submandibular Mass

Although extremely rare, the presence of ectopic thyroid tissue in the submandibular region should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tissue masses in the cervical region. Diagnosis is confirmed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and exclusion of malignancy should be confirmed by histopathologic analysis of the lesion. In general, surgery is the treatment of choice. A rare case of ectopic thyroid in the right submandibular region is reported; it was diagnosed after total thyroidectomy and successfully treated through surgery