Ingenious Game: Insights Into Evolving From a Learning Card Game to a Learning Software Application Game

Ingenious is a collaborative and competitive learning game application in which groups of students compete against each other in a product design and development (PDD) scenario where each group is responsible for a multidisciplinary team of engineers. The game has been used since 2020 to support a mechanical engineering master course. In this period, the game evolved from a card game to a software application. During the four game rounds representing the PDD phases, the players learn when to use over 80 different engineering design techniques. By choosing varying engineers and techniques, a student group creates a design strategy with a cost to execute and might be proven more effective than the competitors' strategies. Winning the game is about effectiveness in solving the challenges posed in the PDD scenario at a minimum cost. Once the game allows scenario customisation, new PDD scenarios can be created with different complexity levels. In the gamified classroom, grading is not a result of winning the game but a reflection of the group's choices and consequences while playing the game. This article presents the different game versions, describes the Ingenious game mechanics and dynamics and reflects on the game evolution and coverage of the Octalysis dimensions.</p

Individual accessibility and segregation on activity spaces: an agent-based modelling approach

One of the main challenges of cities is the increasing social inequality imposed by the way population groups, jobs, amenities and services, as well as the transportation infrastructure, are distributed across urban space. In this thesis, the concepts of accessibility and segregation are used to study these inequalities. They can be defined as the interaction of individuals with urban opportunities and with individuals from other population groups, respectively. Interactions are made possible by people’s activities and movement within a city, which characterise accessibility and segregation as inherently dynamic and individual-based concepts. Nevertheless, they are largely studied from a static and place-based perspective. This thesis proposes an analytical and exploratory framework for studying individual-based accessibility and segregation in cities using individuals’ travel trajectories in space and time. An agent-based simulation model was developed to generate individual trajectories dynamically, employing standard datasets such as census and OD matrices and allowing for multiple perspectives of analysis by grouping individuals based on their attributes. The model’s ability to simulate people’s trajectories realistically was validated through systematic sensitivity tests and statistical comparison with real-world trajectories from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and travel times from London, UK. The approach was applied to two exploratory studies: São Paulo, Brazil, and London, UK. The first revealed inequalities in accessibility by income, education and gender and also unveiled within-group differences beyond place-based patterns. The latter explored ethnic segregation, unveiling patterns of potential interaction among ethnic groups in the urban space beyond their residential and workplace locations. Those studies demonstrated how inequality in accessibility and segregation can be studied both at large metropolitan scales and at fine level of detail, using standard datasets, with modest computational requirements and ease of operationalisation. The proposed approach opens up avenues for the study of complex dynamics of interaction of urban populations in a variety of urban contexts

Individual accessibility and segregation on activity spaces: an agent-based modelling approach

One of the main challenges of cities is the increasing social inequality imposed by the way population groups, jobs, amenities and services, as well as the transportation infrastructure, are distributed across urban space. In this thesis, the concepts of accessibility and segregation are used to study these inequalities. They can be defined as the interaction of individuals with urban opportunities and with individuals from other population groups, respectively. Interactions are made possible by people’s activities and movement within a city, which characterise accessibility and segregation as inherently dynamic and individual-based concepts. Nevertheless, they are largely studied from a static and place-based perspective. This thesis proposes an analytical and exploratory framework for studying individual-based accessibility and segregation in cities using individuals’ travel trajectories in space and time. An agent-based simulation model was developed to generate individual trajectories dynamically, employing standard datasets such as census and OD matrices and allowing for multiple perspectives of analysis by grouping individuals based on their attributes. The model’s ability to simulate people’s trajectories realistically was validated through systematic sensitivity tests and statistical comparison with real-world trajectories from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and travel times from London, UK. The approach was applied to two exploratory studies: São Paulo, Brazil, and London, UK. The first revealed inequalities in accessibility by income, education and gender and also unveiled within-group differences beyond place-based patterns. The latter explored ethnic segregation, unveiling patterns of potential interaction among ethnic groups in the urban space beyond their residential and workplace locations. Those studies demonstrated how inequality in accessibility and segregation can be studied both at large metropolitan scales and at fine level of detail, using standard datasets, with modest computational requirements and ease of operationalisation. The proposed approach opens up avenues for the study of complex dynamics of interaction of urban populations in a variety of urban contexts

Using A Spiral Approach To Facilitating Engineering Research And Education In Real Industry Settings

Engineering research and education is often done in collaboration with industrial partners through the Industry as Laboratory (IaL), and Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) paradigms. However, its findings are not always adopted, despite the use of well-established and rigorous research methodologies. Academia employs oftentimes extensive and time consuming analyses, while industry operates in smaller cycles with tangible intermediate results. This can lead to the industry losing interest in the research. The Spiral Approach for Systems Engineering Research (SASER) is an approach that aims to mitigate that risk. This can have a twofold benefit in the industry remaining interested, but also the researcher staying motivated. To apply this approach in practice and receive feedback from a broader audience of people we created the SEFI 2023 workshop entitled: “Using a spiral approach to facilitate engineering research and education embedded in real industry settings”. This workshop has the objective of discussing best practices when conducting engineering education and research in collaboration with industry. To achieve the planned learning outcomes, the workshop activities will follow a cycle of learn=\u3eapply=\u3ereflect on provided specific case studies that are developed in order to allow the application of SASER. The workshop was attended by 8 participants that were split into 2 groups of 4 people (the 2nd group further decided to split further into a group of 3 and one individual). The results of the case studies and the reflection of the participants in the workshop indicate a clear potential for SASER and are promising for further research and development

Análise exergética experimental de uma unidade de refrigeração por absorção de 5 TR movida a gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP) e/ou gases de exaustão /

Orientador : José Viriato Coelho VargasCo-orientador : Rudmar Serafim de MatosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica. Defesa: Curitiba, 2006Inclui bibliografi

Modelagem, simulação e otimização de trocadores de calor de tubos elípticos aletados em regime turbulento

Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Viriato Coelho VargasCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Jeferson Avila SouzaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica. Defesa : Curitiba, 14/03/2018Inclui referências: p.100-107Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo numérico de otimização geométrica para maximizar a taxa de transferência total de calor entre o arranjo de tubos aletados para um determinado volume e um determinado escoamento externo turbulento tridimensional (3-D) governado por diferença de pressão, Ap, que se mantém constante ao longo do domínio, ambos para arranjos de tubos circulares e elípticos, para configurações gerais. O procedimento de otimização começou pelo reconhecimento da disponibilidade limitada do espaço de projeto como uma restrição do volume fixo. Os resultados numéricos foram obtidos para configurações circulares e elípticas utilizando a estratégia de um domínio computacional representado pela célula unitária, aproveitando as simetrias presentes na geometria do sistema. A distribuição dos tubos no arranjo começou com uma configuração triangular equilateral que preencheu uniformemente o volume fixo resultando em um espaçamento entre tubos adimensional máximo, S/b, onde, S é o espaçamento reai e b é o semi-eixo menor da elipse. Várias configurações foram simuladas para esse espaçamento entre tubos, identificando-se assim o espaçamento ótimo para a máxima transferência de calor. Semelhantemente, foi possível investigar a existência dos ótimos com respeito a outros dois graus de liberdade geométricos, isto é, a excentricidade dos tubos e os espaçamentos entre aletas. Os resultados são apresentados para o ar como o fluido externo, com pressão prescrita de Ap = 1000 Pa que resulta em uma faixa de 1.240 < ReD < 28.180, onde 2b é o eixo menor do tubo de seção elíptica. Arranjos circulares e elípticos com a mesma área de obstrução da seção transversal do escoamento foram comparados com base na transferência de calor total máxima. Este critério permitiu para todos arranjos perdas de pressão totais equivalentes independentemente da forma da seção transversal do tubo, sendo possível desta maneira a quantificação do ganho de transferência de calor da maneira mais isolada possível. Os resultados numéricos foram validados utilizando estudos consagrados da literatura para escoamentos em tubos e feixes de tubos em regime laminar e turbulento. Ótimos globais com relação ao espaçamento entre tubos, excentricidade e densidade de aletas (S/2b, e, 0 f) = (0,5; 0,4; 0,094) foram encontrados. Um ganho relativo de transferência de calor de até 38% é observado no arranjo elíptico ótimo, em comparação ao arranjo circular ótimo o que demonstra que arranjos de tubos elípticos têm potencial para um desempenho consideravelmente melhor e menor custo do que os arranjos convencionais de geometria circular. Também foram avaliados os arranjos pelo Nu e em uma comparação direta com diferentes correlações empíricas obtendo-se boa concordância com um erro entre 2,8% para ReD= 5.000 até 18,3% para ReD=30.000. E para finalizar foi avaliada a geração de entropia do arranjo de tubos confirmando a otimização global pelos critérios de máxima transferência de calor e mínima geração de entropia qm,m.m Smi.mm respectivamente para (S/2b, e, 0 f) = (0,5; 0,4; 0,094). Palavras-chave: Transferência de calor. Simulação. Refrigeração. Feixe de tubos. Otimização.Abstract: This work presents a numerical geometric optimization study to maximize the total heat transfer rate between an arrangement of finned tubes in a given volume and a certain three-dimensional (3-D) turbulent external flow governed by a pressure difference, Ap, which remains constant throughout the domain, both for circular and elliptical tube arrays, for general configurations. The optimization procedure began by recognizing the limited availability of the design space as a fixed volume constraint. Numerical results were obtained for circular and elliptic configurations using the strategy of a computational domain represented by the unit cell, taking advantage of the symmetries present in the geometry of the system. Pipe distribution in the array began with an equilateral triangular configuration that uniformly filled the fixed volume resulting in a maximum dimensionless pipe spacing, S/b, where S is the actual spacing and b is the minor half-axis of the ellipse. Several configurations were simulated for this spacing between tubes, thus identifying the optimal spacing for maximum heat transfer. Similarly, it was possible to investigate the existence of the optimal with respect to two other geometric degrees of freedom, that is, the eccentricity of the tubes and the fin spacing. Results are presented to air as the external fluid with a prescribed pressure of Ap = 1,000 which results in a range of 1,240 ^ ReD ^ 28,180, where 2b is the minor axis of the elliptical section tube. Circular and elliptical arrangements with the same cross-sectional area of the flow were compared based on the maximum total heat transfer. This criterion allowed for all arrangements equivalent total pressure losses irrespective of the cross-sectional shape of the tube, thus it being possible to quantify the heat transfer gain in the most isolated manner possible. Numerical results were validated using literature studies for flow in tubes and bundles of tubes in laminar and turbulent regime. Overall optimum with respect to tube spacing, eccentricity and fin spacing ( S/2b, e, 0f) = (0,5; 0,4; 0,094) were found. A relative heat transfer gain of up to 38% is observed in the optimal elliptical arrangement compared to the optimal circular arrangement which demonstrates that elliptical tube arrangements have potential for considerably better performance and lower cost than conventional circular geometry arrangements. It was also evaluated the arrangements by Nu and in a direct comparison with different empirical correlations obtained good agreement with an error between 2.8% for ReD- 5,000 and 18.3% for ReD=30,000. Finally, the entropy generation of the pipe arrangement was evaluated, confirming the global optimization by the criteria of maximum heat transfer and minimum generation of entropy SmiMmh respectively for (S/2b, e, 0 f) = (0,5; 0,4; 0,094). Key-words: Heat transfer. Simulation. Refrigeration. Tube banks

Gerenciamento de risco cambial na Fiat Automóveis S/A com utilização de hedge sem caixa

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Este estudo objetivou investigar o processo de gerenciamento de riscos cambial na Fiat Automóveis S/A com utilização de hedge. Tal objetivo evidencia o tipo de pesquisa realizada que caracteriza como sendo exploratório, seguindo o método do estudo de caso. Os dados foram obtidos no Balanço Patrimonial da Fiat Automóveis de 1999, através de fonte primária (documental). Inicia-se com a fundamentação teórica, onde é abordada a gestão de riscos como um elemento estratégico de controle, caracterizando os instrumentos de análise de riscos, tendo em vista o foco do trabalho. Também é contemplada a dinâmica estratégica de hedge, com ênfase na proteção. No mercado de derivativos são considerados os principais derivativos: mercado de futuro e a termo, swaps e opções. Com base na pesquisa teórica e empírica foi investigado o gerenciamento de riscos cambial na Fiat Automóveis com utilização de hedge. Esboçada a investigação e definida a utilização do hedge que a consubstanciam, realizou-se a investigação, por meio Balanço Patrimonial da Fiat Automóveis de 1999. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a empresa não pode correr riscos e deve se proteger quanto aos mesmos sem caracterizar especulação de nenhuma espécie e que diante das novas tendências de mercado e para manutenção da sua saúde financeira, a Fiat deve continuar a fazer a cobertura cambial e melhorar o gerenciamento dos seus riscos com a implementação ou melhoramento dos seus sistemas e estruturação de novas operações que possam reduzir o custo do hedge ou fazê-lo através de compensações entre as diversas empresas do grupo