Le champ d’action réticulaire : un espace de communication stratégique hybride

À partir de l’analyse des construits d’action collective réalisée par M. Crozier et E. Friedberg, cet article introduit d’abord le concept de champ d’action réticulaire, espace dans lequel se développent des stratégies-réseaux. Deux logiques aboutissent communément à l’émergence de champs d’action réticulaires : une logique territoriale et une logique thématique. L’influence de ces logiques sur les discours des stratèges-réseaux est analysée. Constatant enfin le processus en cours par lequel les réseaux évoluent vers des hybrides homme-machine, l’article s’interroge, à partir d’un ensemble de cas observés, sur l’impact des technologies de l’information et de la communication sur les stratégies-réseaux.Considering the analysis of M. Crozier and E. Friedberg about the figures of collective action, this article proposes the new concept of area of network action, in which network-strategies usually spread. Area of network actions seems to have two origins in general. The first one is to belong to a specify territory. The second one is a common interest in a particular subject. Both origins influence mostly the internal and external communication of the networks. Last but not least, the new technologies of communication seem to have various impacts on networks. The ways networks are transforming in hybrid man and machine networks are analyzed

Approche bibliométrique élémentaire des publications en intelligence économique dans les revues françaises en sciences de l’information et la communication

Une étude bibliométrique des articles parus de 1996 à 2010 sur l’intelligence économique révèle la difficulté pour les chercheurs de trouver des supports de publication ou d’entrer dans les schémas permettant une publication. Cet article présente un état des lieux des publications d’articles, expose les causes possibles de ces difficultés et en évoque les conséquences prévisibles en termes d’affaiblissement de cette recherche dans le domaine des SIC.A bibliometric study of articles published from 1996 to 2010 on competitive intelligence reveals the difficulty for french researchers to publish in scientific publications. This article presents an overview of published articles, outlines the possible causes of these problems and discusses the consequences for this research field

Fully automated breast segmentation on spiral breast computed tomography images

INTRODUCTION The quantification of the amount of the glandular tissue and breast density is important to assess breast cancer risk. Novel photon-counting breast computed tomography (CT) technology has the potential to quantify them. For accurate analysis, a dedicated method to segment the breast components-the adipose and glandular tissue, skin, pectoralis muscle, skinfold section, rib, and implant-is required. We propose a fully automated breast segmentation method for breast CT images. METHODS The framework consists of four parts: (1) investigate, (2) segment the components excluding adipose and glandular tissue, (3) assess the breast density, and (4) iteratively segment the glandular tissue according to the estimated density. For the method, adapted seeded watershed and region growing algorithm were dedicatedly developed for the breast CT images and optimized on 68 breast images. The segmentation performance was qualitatively (five-point Likert scale) and quantitatively (Dice similarity coefficient [DSC] and difference coefficient [DC]) demonstrated according to human reading by experienced radiologists. RESULTS The performance evaluation on each component and overall segmentation for 17 breast CT images resulted in DSCs ranging 0.90-0.97 and in DCs 0.01-0.08. The readers rated 4.5-4.8 (5 highest score) with an excellent inter-reader agreement. The breast density varied by 3.7%-7.1% when including mis-segmented muscle or skin. CONCLUSION The automatic segmentation results coincided with the human expert's reading. The accurate segmentation is important to avoid the significant bias in breast density analysis. Our method enables accurate quantification of the breast density and amount of the glandular tissue that is directly related to breast cancer risk

Linking Sediment Gas Storage to the Methane Dynamics in a Shallow Freshwater Reservoir

Freshwater reservoirs are globally relevant sources of the greenhouse gas methane. Organic matter rich sediments are hot spots of methane production and can store large amounts of methane dissolved in porewater and as free gas. Yet, in situ data on the gas storage as free gas (bubbles) in freshwater sediments are scarce. Here, an acoustic approach was tested and used to map the gas content in the sediment of a shallow temperate reservoir. The sediment gas storage was linked to the methane budget obtained from almost 2 years of in situ monitoring. The emission fluxes were dominated by ebullition and degassing at the reservoir outlet, which combined accounted for 93% of the total methane emissions. 66% of the ebullition variability was explained by a combination of environmental parameters. Mappings of sediment gas content using echo sounder surveys revealed the accumulation of free gas in regions of elevated sediment deposition. Temporally, the gas storage in the sediment was related to methane emissions, in which a period of intensified emissions resulted in a reduction of sediment gas storage. The sediment could store an equivalent of 4 to 13 days of accumulated potential methane production, which could supply the mean ebullition flux for more than 2 months. We suggest that sediment gas storage plays an important role in buffering and modulating methane emissions in aquatic systems and need to be accounted for in process-based models

Penile fractures: the price of a merry Christmas

Objectives To explore whether Christmas might be a risk factor for penile fractures due to the Christmas spirit related to the intimacy and euphoria of these holly jolly days. Patients and methods We evaluated the incidence of penile fractures during Christmas and New Year's Eve through the GeRmAn Nationwide inpatient Data (GRAND) from the Research Data Center of the Federal Bureau of Statistics (Wiesbaden, Germany). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of COVID-19 on penile fractures and their seasonality. Results A total of 3,421 patients with a median, interquartile range (IQR) age of 42 (32–51) years had a penile fracture requiring a hospital stay from 2005 to 2021. In all, 40 (1.2%) penile fractures occurred in 51 days of Christmas (from 24/12 to 26/12 in each year). The daily incidence of penile fractures during Christmas was 0.78 with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.95, P = 0.02). If every day was like Christmas, 43% more penile fractures would have occurred in Germany from 2005 on. Interestingly, only 28 (0.82%) penile fractures occurred during the New Year's Eve period (31/12 to 02/01 from 2005 to 2021). This resulted in an IRR of 0.98 (95% CI 0.69–1.5, P = 0.98) in the New Year's Eve period. Most patients with penile fractures were admitted to hospital at the weekend (n = 1,322; IRR 1.58, 95% CI 1.48–1.69; P < 0.001). Summer was also associated with more penile fractures (n = 929; IRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.19; P = 0.008). Both the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 385; IRR 1.06, 95% CI 0.95–1.18, P = 0.29) and its lockdown period (n = 93; IRR 1, 95% CI 0.82–1.23; P = 0.96) did not affect the incidence of penile fractures. Conclusion The incidence of penile fractures displays a seasonality. Last Christmas penile fractures occurred more often. This year to save us from tears, we will NOT do something special (the new Christmas hit of the year)

Efficacy and Safety of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction and Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review

Introduction: There is no clear evidence in the literature that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections improve female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Objectives: A systematic review was performed to study the efficacy and safety of PRP injections in women with the above pathologies, as well as to explore the optimal dosing, frequency and area of injections, and duration of treatment. Methods: A systematic search on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library database was performed, as well as sources of grey literature from the date of database or source creation to January 2023. After title/abstract and full-text screening, clinical studies on humans evaluating the efficacy of PRP in gynecological disorders using standardized tools were included. Risk of bias was undertaken with RoB-2 for randomized-controlled trials (RCT) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Results: Four prospective and one retrospective study explored FSD, while six prospective and one RCT evaluated female SUI. A total of 327 women with a mean age of 51 ± 12 years were included. For FSD, PRP significantly improved the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Vaginal Health Index (VHI) and the Female Sexual Distress score (FSDS). For SUI, PRP led to a significant improvement in the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6). The identified RCT reported a significantly higher mean score of ICIQ-SF (p < 0.05) and UDI-6 (p < 0.01) in the midurethral sling group compared to the PRP injections group. Regarding the risk of bias, the RCT was characterized by high risk, whereas the observational studies were of moderate risk. The protocol for PRP injections for FSD is the injection of 2 mL of PRP into the distal anterior vaginal wall once a month for 3 months. For female SUI, 5–6 mL of PRP should be injected into the periurethral area once a month for 3 months. Conclusions: Despite the promising initial results of PRP injections, the level of current evidence is low due to methodological issues in the available studies. It becomes clear that there is an emerging need for high-quality research examining PRP injections for the treatment of FSD and female SUI

ECOLOGIZATION OF AGRICULTURE AT CATCHMENT AREAS OF LAKES IN BELARUS POOZERYE

Цель исследований заключалась в обосновании основных приемов экологизации земледелия на водосборах озер Белорусского Поозерья. Показано значение почвенно-экологического районирования территории и обоснована необходимость использования нормативов почвозащитной роли возделываемых культур, севооборотов и приемов обработки почвы при формировании системы земледелия.The purpose of investigation was to validate the main ways of agriculture ecologization at catchment areas of lakes in Belarus Poozerye. The significance of soil ecological zoning of territory was shown. The necessity of the application of crops protective standards, crop rotations and soil tillage for the creation of agriculture system.179-18

68Ga-EMP-100 PET/CT-a novel ligand for visualizing c-MET expression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma-first in-human biodistribution and imaging results

BACKGROUND 68Ga-EMP-100 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that directly targets tumoral c-MET expression. Upregulation of the receptor tyrosin kinase c-MET in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is correlated with overall survival in metastatic disease (mRCC). Clinicopathological staging of c-MET expression could improve patient management prior to systemic therapy with for instance inhibitors targeting c-MET such as cabozantinib. We present the first in-human data of 68Ga-EMP-100 in mRCC patients evaluating uptake characteristics in metastases and primary RCC. METHODS Twelve patients with mRCC prior to anticipated cabozantinib therapy underwent 68Ga-EMP-100 PET/CT imaging. We compared the biodistribution in normal organs and tumor uptake of mRCC lesions by standard uptake value (SUVmean) and SUVmax measurements. Additionally, metastatic sites on PET were compared to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and the respective, quantitative PET parameters were assessed and then compared inter- and intra-individually. RESULTS Overall, 87 tumor lesions were analyzed. Of these, 68/87 (79.3%) were visually rated c-MET-positive comprising a median SUVmax of 4.35 and SUVmean of 2.52. Comparing different tumor sites, the highest uptake intensity was found in tumor burden at the primary site (SUVmax 9.05 (4.86-29.16)), followed by bone metastases (SUVmax 5.56 (0.97-15.85)), and lymph node metastases (SUVmax 3.90 (2.13-6.28)) and visceral metastases (SUVmax 3.82 (0.11-16.18)). The occurrence of visually PET-negative lesions (20.7%) was distributed heterogeneously on an intra- and inter-individual level; the largest proportion of PET-negative metastatic lesions were lung and liver metastases. The highest physiological 68Ga-EMP-100 accumulation besides the urinary bladder content was seen in the kidneys, followed by moderate uptake in the liver and the spleen, whereas significantly lower uptake intensity was observed in the pancreas and the intestines. CONCLUSION Targeting c-MET expression, 68Ga-EMP-100 shows distinctly elevated uptake in mRCC patients with partially high inter- and intra-individual differences comprising both c-MET-positive and c-MET-negative lesions. Our first clinical results warrant further systemic studies investigating the clinical use of 68Ga-EMP-100 as a biomarker in mRCC patients

The Role of Socioeconomic Status in the Association of Lung Function and Air PollutionA Pooled Analysis of Three Adult ESCAPE Cohorts

Ambient air pollution is a leading environmental risk factor and its broad spectrum of adverse health effects includes a decrease in lung function. Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to be associated with both air pollution exposure and respiratory function. This study assesses the role of SES either as confounder or effect modifier of the association between ambient air pollution and lung function. Cross-sectional data from three European multicenter adult cohorts were pooled to assess factors associated with lung function, including annual means of home outdoor NO2. Pre-bronchodilator lung function was measured according to the ATS-criteria. Multiple mixed linear models with random intercepts for study areas were used. Three different factors (education, occupation and neighborhood unemployment rate) were considered to represent SES. NO2 exposure was negatively associated with lung function. Occupation and neighborhood unemployment rates were not associated with lung function. However, the inclusion of the SES-variable education improved the models and the air pollution-lung function associations got slightly stronger. NO2 associations with lung function were not substantially modified by SES-variables. In this multicenter European study we could show that SES plays a role as a confounder in the association of ambient NO2 exposure with lung function