264 research outputs found

    Treatment of periodic leg movements with a dopaminergic agonist in subjects with total spinal cord lesions

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    Objective: To investigate the effect of L-dopa on the PLM/h index of spinal cord injured subjects.Setting: SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil.Methods: Thirteen male volunteers with spinal cord section between T7-T12, and mean age of 31.6 +/- 8.3 years participated in the study. L-dopa or placebo were administered for 30 days, 1 h before the volunteers went to sleep, in a double blind, crossover design. Polysomnographic recordings were performed on ten occasions: Phase I: Basal night, following an adaptation night at the sleep laboratory; phase 2: after 1, 7, 21 and 30 days of L-dopa administration; phase 3: first night of L-dopa or placebo withdrawal; phase IV: 1, 7, 21 and 30 days after placebo ingestion.Results: the index of PLM/h on the first night of L-dopa or placebo withdrawal (phase III) was lower than on both the basal night and the first night of L-dopa treatment, At the time of polysomnographic analysis, volunteers were divided into two groups: index of PLM/h below five and those whose index was above five. Comparison between L-dopa and placebo treatments revealed that only those volunteers with an index above five revealed a reduction in PLM in L-dopa.Conclusion: These results indicate that despite the spinal cord lesions, L-dopa treatment is capable of minimizing PLM during sleep.Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04020002 SĂŁo Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, DEEFE, NIFEP, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04020002 SĂŁo Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

    Anxiety disorders and physical exercise

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    OBJECTIVE: Until the mid 90's, most of the studies on the anxiolytic effects of exercise were carried out through the evaluation of the anxiety state of young individuals. They were college students or athletes who might be considered pre-fit, thus limiting the validity of the conclusions as regards populations with pathological anxiety. The number of studies involving patients with anxiety disorder is increasing nowadays. Therefore, the objective of the study is to review the articles that discuss the influence of physical exercise on anxiety disorders. METHOD: We ran a MEDLINE search between 1966-1995 and 1996-2006 using the keywords anxiety, panic, phobic disorders, exercise, and physical fitness, in addition to the cross-reference of the articles selected and further analyses of bibliographical references on the topic. RESULTS: Our findings showed heterogeneous designs and methodological limitations. The latest publications are promising and point to the use of physical exercise as an aid to traditional therapies in the treatment of anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION: We observed that aerobic exercises below the lactate threshold might be the most adequate. However, they do not clarify the implications of anaerobic exercise, which suggests caution in the prescription of exercise, mainly the anaerobic kind, to individuals with pathologic anxiety.OBJETIVO: A maioria dos estudos sobre os efeitos ansiolĂ­ticos do exercĂ­cio fĂ­sico, atĂ© meados da dĂ©cada de 90, foram realizados avaliando-se estados de ansiedade, com indivĂ­duos jovens, universitĂĄrios ou atletas, que podem ser considerados prĂ©-condicionados, limitando a validade das conclusĂ”es para populaçÔes com ansiedade patolĂłgica. Na atualidade, o nĂșmero de estudos envolvendo pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade aumentou. O presente estudo tem por objetivo a revisĂŁo de artigos que discutem a influĂȘncia do exercĂ­cio fĂ­sico nos transtornos de ansiedade. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma pesquisa no Medline, no perĂ­odo de 1966-1995 e 1996-2006, utilizando-se os descritores: anxiety, panic, phobic disorders, exercise, physical fitness, alĂ©m de referĂȘncias cruzadas dos artigos selecionados e anĂĄlise adicional de referĂȘncias na literatura especĂ­fica do tema. RESULTADOS: Os achados demonstraram desenhos heterogĂȘneos assim como limitaçÔes metodolĂłgicas. As publicaçÔes mais recentes sĂŁo promissoras e acenam para a utilização de exercĂ­cios fĂ­sicos aerĂłbios como auxiliares das terapĂȘuticas tradicionais no tratamento dos transtornos de ansiedade. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que os exercĂ­cios aerĂłbios cuja intensidade nĂŁo ultrapasse o limiar de lactato podem ser os mais apropriados, mas ainda nĂŁo esclarecem as implicaçÔes dos exercĂ­cios anaerĂłbios, sugerindo cautela na prescrição de exercĂ­cios para indivĂ­duos com ansiedade patolĂłgica, principalmente em relação aos exercĂ­cios anaerĂłbios.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂ­fico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq)Associação Fundo de Incentivo Ă  Psicofarmacologia (AFIP)Fundo de AuxĂ­lio aos Docentes e Alunos (FADA)Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PsicobiologiaUniversidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e ExercĂ­cioUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e ExercĂ­cioSciEL

    Tradução e adaptação transcultural do Game Dice Task para população brasileira

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    OBJECTIVE: The Game Dice Task (GDT) was developed to measure decision making under known risk. The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the GDT to a Brazilian population. METHOD: After the GDT was translated and back-translated to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluated by eight bilingual judges, 175 Brazilian adults were divided into two groups - 160 healthy volunteers and 15 traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients - and had completed the GDT. RESULTS: Differences between genders, but not age, were observed in the healthy volunteer sample. Males more frequently chose a combination of three dice while females preferred four dice. TBI patients were more impulsive than healthy volunteers; they less frequently chose a combination of three dice and made more risky decisions. CONCLUSION: Because of the rigorous process used to translate and adapt the GDT and the differences observed between patients with TBI and healthy volunteers, the Brazilian GDT was considered satisfactory for research purposes.OBJETIVO: O Game Dice Task (GDT) foi desenvolvido para avaliar a tomada de decisĂŁo de indivĂ­duos sob situaçÔes especĂ­ficas de risco conhecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e adaptar o GDT para a população brasileira. MÉTODOS: ApĂłs ter sido traduzido e retrotraduzido para o portuguĂȘs e ter sido avaliado por oito juĂ­zes bilĂ­ngues, 175 adultos brasileiros completaram o GDT - 160 adultos saudĂĄveis e 15 pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefĂĄlico (TCE). RESULTADOS: Foram observadas diferenças no desempenho quanto ao gĂȘnero, mas nĂŁo quanto Ă  idade, nos adultos saudĂĄveis. Homens escolheram mais frequentemente a combinação com trĂȘs dados, enquanto as mulheres preferiram quatro dados. Pacientes com TCE foram mais impulsivos, escolheram com menor frequĂȘncia a combinação de trĂȘs dados e tomaram decisĂ”es mais arriscadas. CONCLUSÃO: Por causa do rigoroso processo utilizado pra traduzir e adaptar o teste GTD e do poder de discriminação entre as amostras de adultos saudĂĄveis e com TCE, a versĂŁo brasileira desse teste foi considerada satisfatĂłria para utilização em pesquisa.Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of PsychobiologyUNIFESP, Department of PsychobiologySciEL

    Reduction of periodic leg movement in individuals with paraplegia following aerobic physical exercise

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    Purpose: According to the American Association of Sleep Disorders, periodic leg movements (PLM) are classified into the group of intrinsic sleep disorders. Studies on PLM in individuals with spinal cord injury are very recent. the objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of aerobic training in reducing the index/score of PLM in individuals with complete spinal cord injury.Methods: Twelve male volunteers with complete spinal cord injury between T7 and T12 were submitted to six polysonographies (PSG Oxford Medilog SAC system; EEG, EMG and EOG: (1) basal night, (2) 12 h after a maximum effort test, (3) 36 h after a maximum effort test, (4) after 44 days of aerobic physical training, (5) 12 h after the last training session, and (6) 36 h after the last training session. All volunteers participated in a physical training program for 44 days using an arm crank ergometer. Data were analyzed statistically by the Wilcoxon test, with the level of significance set at alpha5%.Results: the results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction (Pless than or equal to0.05) in the comparison of first evaluation (35.1 PLM/h) with fifth (12.70 PLM/h) and sixth evaluation (18.5 PLM/h).Conclusion: This study suggests that a program of regular and systematized physical activity promotes an effective reduction of PLM in individuals with spinal cord injury.UNIFESP, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04020060 SĂŁo Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Physiol, SĂŁo Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04020060 SĂŁo Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Physiol, SĂŁo Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

    Efeitos da corrida prolongada realizada na intensidade correspondente ao inĂ­cio do acĂșmulo do lactato no sangue na força mĂĄxima isocinĂ©tica em indivĂ­duos ativos nĂŁo atletas

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    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of prolonged continuous running performed at the intensity corresponding to the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), on the peak torque of the knee extensors, analyzed in relation to different types of contraction and movement velocities in active individuals. METHOD: Eight men (23.4 ± 2.1 years; 75.8 ± 8.7 kg; 171.1 ± 4.5 cm) participated in this study. First, the subjects performed an incremental test until volitional exhaustion to determine the velocity corresponding to OBLA. Then, the subjects returned to the laboratory on two occasions, separated by at least seven days, to perform five maximal isokinetic contractions of the knee extensors at two angular velocities (60 and 180Âș.s-1) under eccentric and concentric conditions. Eccentric peak torque (EPT) and Concentric peak torque (CPT) were measured at each velocity. One session was performed after a standardized warm-up period (5 min at 50% VO2max). The other session was performed after continuous running at OBLA until volitional exhaustion. These sessions were conducted in random order. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in CPT only at 60Âș.s-1 (259.0 ± 46.4 and 244.0 ± 41.4 N.m). However, the reduction in EPT was significant at 60Âș.s-1 (337.3 ± 43.2 and 321.7 ± 60.0 N.m) and 180Âș.s-1 (346.1 ± 38.0 and 319.7 ± 43.6 N.m). The relative strength losses after the running exercise were significant different between contraction types only at 180Âș.s-1. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that, in active individuals, the reduction in peak torque after prolonged continuous running at OBLA may be dependent on the type of contraction and angular velocity.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da corrida contĂ­nua prolongada realizada na intensidade correspondente ao inĂ­cio do acĂșmulo do lactato no sangue (OBLA) sobre o torque mĂĄximo dos extensores do joelho analisado em diferentes tipos de contração e velocidade de movimento em indivĂ­duos ativos. MÉTODO: Oito indivĂ­duos do gĂȘnero masculino (23,4 ± 2,1 anos; 75,8 ± 8,7 kg; 171,1 ± 4,5 cm) participaram deste estudo. Primeiramente, os sujeitos realizaram um teste incremental atĂ© a exaustĂŁo voluntĂĄria para determinar a velocidade correspondente ao OBLA. Posteriormente, os sujeitos retornaram ao laboratĂłrio em duas ocasiĂ”es, separadas por pelo menos sete dias, para realizar 5 contraçÔes isocinĂ©ticas mĂĄximas para os extensores do joelho em duas velocidades angulares (60 e 180Âș.s-1) sob as condiçÔes excĂȘntrica (PTE) e concĂȘntrica (PTC). Uma sessĂŁo foi realizada apĂłs um perĂ­odo de aquecimento padronizado (5 min a 50%VO2max). A outra sessĂŁo foi realizada apĂłs uma corrida contĂ­nua no OBLA atĂ© a exaustĂŁo voluntĂĄria. Essas sessĂ”es foram executadas em ordem randĂŽmica. RESULTADOS: Houve redução significante do PTC somente a 60Âș.s-1 (259,0 ± 46,4 e 244,0 ± 41,4 N.m). Entretanto, a redução do PTE foi significante a 60Âș.s-1 (337,3 ± 43,2 e 321,7 ± 60,0 N.m) e 180Âș.s-1 (346,1 ± 38,0 e 319,7 ± 43,6 N.m). As reduçÔes relativas da força apĂłs o exercĂ­cio de corrida foram significantemente diferentes entre os tipos de contração somente a 180Âș.s-1. CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que, em indivĂ­duos ativos, a redução no torque mĂĄximo apĂłs uma corrida contĂ­nua prolongada no OBLA pode ser dependente do tipo de contração e da velocidade angular.Universidade Estadual Paulista JĂșlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de BiociĂȘncias de Rio Claro Departamento de Educação FĂ­sicaUniversidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psicobiologia Instituto do SonoUNIFESP, Depto. de Psicobiologia Instituto do SonoSciEL

    Obesity and metabolic syndrome in infancy and adolescence

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    The prevalence of obesity is increasing all over the world in the last decades. This is a concerning fact since the excess of body fat, especially abdominal fat, is directly related to the lipidic profile that is altered, to the increase of arterial pressure and hyperinsulinemia. All of these are considered risk factors to the onset of chronic-degenerative diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. High levels of leptin and the alterations of fibrinolytic factors have also been observed in obese individuals. These modifications are described as metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome, since hyperinsulinemia has an important role in the development of other components of the metabolic syndrome. However, the question is if these alterations are already present in these children and adolescents. This paper describes the physiopathology of the metabolic syndrome components and aims at clarifying how this process takes place in youth.Nas Ășltimas dĂ©cadas a prevalĂȘncia da obesidade vem apresentando um aumento em vĂĄrios paĂ­ses ao redor do mundo. Este fato Ă© preocupante, jĂĄ que o excesso de gordura corporal, principalmente a abdominal, estĂĄ diretamente relacionado com alteraçÔes do perfil lipĂ­dico, com o aumento da pressĂŁo arterial e a hiperinsulinemia, considerados fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crĂŽnicas, como o diabetes melito tipo 2 e as doenças cardiovasculares. NĂ­veis elevados de leptina e de ĂĄcido Ășrico e a alteração dos fatores fibrinolĂ­ticos tambĂ©m tĂȘm sido observados em indivĂ­duos obesos. O conjunto destas alteraçÔes tem sido descrito como sĂ­ndrome metabĂłlica ou sĂ­ndrome da resistĂȘncia Ă  insulina, jĂĄ que a hiperinsulinemia tem um papel importante no desenvolvimento dos outros componentes da sĂ­ndrome metabĂłlica. Entretanto, questiona-se se estas alteraçÔes jĂĄ estĂŁo presentes em crianças e adolescentes obesos. Este artigo descreve a fisiopatologia dos componentes da sĂ­ndrome metabĂłlica e esclarece como este processo ocorre na faixa etĂĄria mais jovem.Fundação de Amparo Ă  Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PediatriaUniversidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PediatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PsicobiologiaSciEL
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