Regression tree analysis of large mammalian prey counts at camera sites in southwest Alberta, Canada during the summer of 2008.

<p>For each partition of the tree (indicated by arrows), the explanatory variable is shown with the value that best determines the partition (i.e., the cut-off point that maximizes homogeneity within a group). Indicated at each node are the number of cameras in the group and the mean number of prey photographs per 100 days (with standard deviation in parentheses).</p

Regression tree analysis of large mammalian predator counts at camera sites in southwest Alberta, Canada during the summer of 2008.

<p>For each partition of the tree (indicated by arrows), the explanatory variable is indicated with the value that best determines the partition (i.e., the cut-off point that maximizes homogeneity within a group). Indicated at each node are the number of cameras in the group and the mean number of predator photographs per 100 days (with standard deviation in parentheses).</p

Dendrogram of the hierarchical cluster analysis of species presence/absence data that illustrates co-occurrence of species at camera sites in southwest Alberta, Canada during the summer of 2008.

<p>The dendrogram is scaled with the percentage of information remaining in the analysis, where less information remaining indicates a weaker association between species.</p

Co-occurrence of species at camera sites as determined by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination of species counts at camera sites in southwest Alberta, Canada during the summer of 2008.

<p>Ordinations along axis one are indicated. Location along axis one where the NMS score equals zero is indicated by a vertical dashed line.</p

Wolf hormone data from heavily and lightly hunted wolf populations in northern Canada

This dataset includes measurements of cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone in wolf hair samples collected from hunters in the tundra-taiga and northern boreal forest of Canada. Additional samples were collected from wolves killed as part of a control program in the boreal forest (Little Smoky area). The file was exported from R statistical software. Variables are as follows: Individual is the individual wolf identifier. Sex is genetically-determined as M for Male or F for Female. Smoky wolves were not genetically sexed and their sex is considered Unknown "U". Population is 1=boreal forest, lightly hunted, 2=tundra-taiga, heavily hunted, 3=boreal forest Smoky, heavily hunted. Colour is coat colour classified as W for light and D for dark. Cpgmg is the concentration of cortisol in hair in pg/mg of hair. Tpgmg is the concentration of testosterone in hair in pg/mg. Ppgmg (Females only) is the concentration of progesterone in hair in pg/mg

Structural equation model (SEM) illustrating the directions and strengths of relationships among the spatial distribution of humans, wolves, elk, cattle, and forage quality and quantity and forage utilization during the daytime and nighttime within two wolf home ranges with the highest and lowest human density in southwest Alberta, Canada.

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Structural equation model (SEM) illustrating the directions and strengths of relationships among the spatial distribution of humans, wolves, elk, cattle, and forage quality and quantity and forage utilization during the daytime and nighttime in southwest Alberta, Canada.

<p>Solid arrows indicate causal direction of the consumer-resource interaction and line thickness is proportional to relationship strength (β coefficient, also indicated). Human influences are represented by dashed-dotted lines.</p

Spatial models of human (top left), wolf (top middle), elk (top right), cattle (bottom left) and forage quality and quantity (FQQ, bottom right) occurrence during the day in southwest Alberta, Canada.

<p>Low values (dark blue to light blue) indicate very low to moderate probability of occurrence at a location whereas high values (light blue to dark green) indicate moderate to very high probability of occurrence.</p

Relationship between the proportion of <i>F</i>. <i>magna</i> positive faecal samples and the proportion of migratory individuals in ten elk herds.

<p>The points represent the observed data, the red line is the fitted logistic regression and the blue lines the 95% confidence interval.</p

Multi-model averages of the four modelling approaches used on the two datasets.

<p>Multi-model averages of the four modelling approaches used on the two datasets.</p