E index discriminates MS patients according to disability and fatigue.

<p>(A) A significantly increased of E was found passing from asymptomatic patients (EDSS<2), to patients with EDSS = 2.0–4.0 and patients with EDSS>4.0. (B), (C) E index significantly correlated with fatigue assessed by both FSS (B) and MFIS (C). (D) Area under the ROC curves measured the accuracy of E index, FSS and MFIS in discriminating patients according to the presence of fatigue. * means p<0.05.</p

mROM_H detects subclinical motor disability.

<p>(A) mROM_H significantly correlated with T25FW. (B) Significant correlation was found between mROM_H and patient-perceived gait impairment assessed by the MSWS questionnaire. (C) mROM_H was significantly altered in MS subjects with clinical disability (EDSS>1.5) and without clinical disability (EDSS≤1.5) compared to HC subjects. * means p<0.05.</p

Lower limb kinematics alterations in MS patients.

<p>Lower limb kinematics alterations in MS patients. (A) The graph shows thatmROM was significantly lower in MS group respect to HC group in each joint. (B) MS patients presented significantly higher variability of gait, as documented by E analysis. (C) SI was not significantly different between MS and HC group. (D), (E) Area under the ROC curves measured the accuracy of mROMH in discriminating HC from MS (D) and the accuracy of E index in discriminating RRMS from SPMS (E). * means p<0.05.</p

Position of each MIMU on one subject.

<p>Position of each MIMU on one subject.</p

Additional file 1: of Reliability, validity and discriminant ability of the instrumental indices provided by a novel planar robotic device for upper limb rehabilitation

Table S1. Correlation between the robotic indices. (DOCX 19 kb