Funding and mortality ratios calculated for cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, and malaria.

<p>Values were obtained on the basis of median values of mortality rates provided by WHO (malaria and tuberculosis) and the United States CDC (cryptococcosis) and estimates of funding provided by the G-FINDER. Normalized values revealed a greatly reduced investment in cryptococcosis in comparison to tuberculosis and malaria.</p

Analysis of publication records and reported funding in the fields of tuberculosis, malaria, cryptococcosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, mycetoma, sporotrichosis, and chromoblastomycosis^a.

<p>Analysis of publication records and reported funding in the fields of tuberculosis, malaria, cryptococcosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, mycetoma, sporotrichosis, and chromoblastomycosis<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006479#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Searching for a change: The need for increased support for public health and research on fungal diseases - Fig 1

<p><b>Analysis of 2016 total investments (A) and annual estimation of human deaths (B) associated with tuberculosis, malaria, diarrheal diseases, and meningococcal or cryptococcal meningitis.</b> Investment/death ratios for each disease corresponded to approximate values of 2,458 (meningococcal meningitis), 1,315 (malaria), 334 (tuberculosis), 276 (diarrheal diseases), and 31 (cryptococcal meningitis).</p

Glycosphingolipid pathway in fungi.

<p>dhSph, dihydrosphingosine; CerS, ceramide synthases; OH-Cer, α-hydroxy-ceramide; Sld8, Δ8 desaturase; OH-Δ8-Cer, α-hydroxy-Δ8-ceramide; Smt1, C9-methyl transferase; OH-Δ8, 9-Me-Cer, α-hydroxy-Δ8, 9-methylceramide; Gcs1, glucosylceramide synthase 1; OH-Δ8, 9-Me-GlcCer, α-hydroxy-Δ8, 9-methyl-glucosylceramide; phSph, phytosphingosine; PhytoCerS, phytoceramide synthases; phCer, phytoceramide; Ipc1, inositol-phosphoryl ceramide synthase 1; Csg1, mannosyl phosphorylinositol ceramide synthase regulatory protein; Sur1, mannosyl phosphorylinositol ceramide synthase; Ipt1, inositol phosphotransferase 1; IPC, inositol phosphoryl ceramide.</p

Basic structure of glycosphingolipids.

<p>First, a long-chain sphingoid base backbone (distinguished from glycerolipids which have a glycerol backbone) is linked to a fatty acid via an amide bond with the 2-amino group and to a polar head group at the C1 position via an ester bond, forming ceramide. Second, ceramide is linked to a sugar (glucose, galactose, or inositol) via a β-glycosidic bond between the hemiacetal group of the sugar and the C1 hydroxyl group of ceramide.</p

Functional diversity of fungal EVs.

<p>Functional diversity of fungal EVs.</p

Bibliometric Indicators of the Zika Outbreak

<p>Bibliometric Indicators of the Zika Outbreak</p

The accelerated flow of knowledge in the field of Zika virus: facilitated mechanisms for publication of scientific articles.

<p>The accelerated flow of knowledge in the field of Zika virus: facilitated mechanisms for publication of scientific articles.</p

Classification of bibliometric indicators in the field of Zika virus.

<p>Scientific articles were classified according to author’s country affiliation (A), publication type (B), and research area (C). Both Scopus and Web of Science databases were used for this analysis. Article classification was performed manually using criteria that were established in previous studies [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005132#pntd.0005132.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>]. Patent application (D) was classified according to the area of innovative activity and country where applications occurred. For analysis of raw data, see <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005132#pntd.0005132.s001" target="_blank">S1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005132#pntd.0005132.s002" target="_blank">S2</a> Tables.</p

Patent application and publication records (January 1, 2000–August 31, 2016) containing the keyword “Zika virus” in article titles [14,15] or in patent application claims [18–21].

<p>For analysis of raw data, see <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005132#pntd.0005132.s001" target="_blank">S1</a>–<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005132#pntd.0005132.s003" target="_blank">S3</a> Tables.</p