Nowe instrumenty wsparcia wytwarzania energii elektrycznej oparte na stałej cenie zakupu – zagadnienia wybrane

Przeprowadzona w niniejszej pracy analiza tekstu prawnego pozwala stwierdzić, że ustawodawca wprowadza do systemu prawnego nowe instrumenty wspierające rozwój odnawialnych źródeł energii. Instrumenty te kierowane są wyłącznie do podmiotów prowadzących działalność gospodarczą w zakresie wytwarzania energii elektrycznej z określonych technologii OZE (biogaz rolniczy, biogaz składowiskowy, biogaz z oczyszczalni ścieków, biogaz inny oraz hydroenergia). Istotą tych instrumentów jest oparcie ich na wykorzystaniu stałej ceny zakupu, która tworzy dwa niezależne oraz rozłączne mechanizmy umożliwiające przekazywanie pomocy publicznej na wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej z OZE. Pierwszy z nich polega na wykorzystaniu stałej ceny zakupu jako ceny gwarantowanej (feed-in tariff), która wypłacana jest bezpośrednio przez sprzedawcę zobowiązanego na podstawie odpowiedniej umowy sprzedaży energii elektrycznej wytwarzanej z instalacji OZE. Umowa ta w pakiecie uwzględnia również bilansowanie handlowe oraz związane z tym koszty. Drugi instrument zakłada sprzedaż energii na rynku oraz dodatkowe wyrównanie wytwórcy różnicy między średnimi cenami energii elektrycznej a poziomem stałej ceny zakupu w postaci prawa do pokrycia ujemnego salda. W tym kontekście poziom stałej ceny zakupu stanowi podstawę obliczenia gwarantowanej premii do ceny rynkowej (feed-in premium) energii elektrycznej przekazywanej wytwórcy jako wsparcie dla wytwarzania energii elektrycznej z OZE. Możliwość stosowania tych instrumentów poprzedzona jest odpowiednim postępowaniem toczącym się przed Prezesem Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki, a także może być ograniczona przez odpowiednie przepisy wykonawcze wydane przez Radę Ministrów, która prowadzi politykę państwa w zakresie OZE oraz realizacje wiążące Polskę cele polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej UE w zakresie wykorzystania OZE w sektorze elektroenergetycznym

Smart grids as a platform for entrepreneurs’ innovative activity in the energy sector – legal issues

Artykuł zawiera analizę przepisów prawnych wskazujących na konieczność wdrożenia do polskiego prawa energetycznego koncepcji inteligentnych sieci oraz inteligentnych liczników elektroenergetycznych. Podstawowym przedmiotem zainteresowania autora jest wskazanie innowacyjnej przestrzeni, która może być zrealizowana na rynku energii elektrycznej, jeżeli polski system elektroenergetyczny będzie oparty na inteligentnych sieciach, a odbiorcy tejże energii będą rozliczani przy wykorzystaniu inteligentnego opomiarowania. W pierwszej części opracowania wskazano, jakiego rodzaju innowacją jest koncepcja inteligentnych sieci. Największy nacisk położony jest w niej na kwestię współpracy pomiędzy przedsiębiorstwami energetycznymi oraz przedstawicielami sektora telekomunikacyjnego. Omawiane w niniejszym opracowaniu innowacyjne podejście pośrednio zdeterminowane jest przez liczne akty europejskie, wskazujące na wytyczne oraz kierunki rozwoju systemu dostarczania energii elektrycznej. Kolejna część tekstu poświęcona jest w związku z tym omówieniu wymogów prawnych wdrożenia do polskiego systemu prawnego koncepcji inteligentnych sieci i sposobom rozumienia tego zagadnienia przez polski organ regulacyjny oraz inne organy administracji rządowej odpowiedzialne za sektor energetyczny. W zakończeniu wskazano także na potencjalne sposoby komercyjnego wykorzystania potencjału inteligentnych sieci oraz inteligentnego opomiarowania, które mogą przynieść dużo korzyści m.in. w zakresie odnawialnych źródeł energii, efektywności energetycznej, bezpieczeństwa energetycznego oraz mechanizmów zarządzania stroną popytową. Ponadto innowacje we wszystkich tych dziedzinach niewątpliwie mogą się przyczynić do rozwoju konkurencyjnego rynku energii elektrycznej w Polsce.This paper is an analysis of smart grids and smart metering concept under Polish energy law. The main focus is put on the innovative potential which will become available in the electricity market once the energy system in Poland is based on smart grids and when energy consumers are billed with the use of smart metering. In the first part of the paper, the concept of a smart grid and its innovative characteristics is presented. The main emphasis is put on cooperation between businesses operating in the energy sector and those in the IT sector. This innovative approach is indirectly determined by numerous EU legislative acts which set out trends and directions of development of the energy transmission system. The second part addresses the legal requirements of implementing a smart grid concept and looks at how this issue is understood the Polish regulatory authority and others bodies of central administration responsible for the energy sector. The paper ends with an identification of potential benefits arising from the implementation of smart grids and smart metering, which include: renewable energy resources, energy efficiency, energy security and the mechanism of demand side management. All these can contribute to the development of businesses involved in the energy sector and the development of a competitive electricity market in Poland

Inteligentne sieci jako platforma umożliwiająca innowacyjną działalność przedsiębiorców w sektorze elektroenergetycznym - problematyka prawna

This paper is an analysis of smart grids and smart metering concept under Polish energy law. The main focus is put on the innovative potential which will become available in the electricity market once the energy system in Poland is based on smart grids and when energy consumers are billed with the use of smart metering. In the first part of the paper, the concept of a smart grid and its innovative characteristics is presented. The main emphasis is put on cooperation between businesses operating in the energy sector and those in the IT sector. This innovative approach is indirectly determined by numerous EU legislative acts which set out trends and directions of development of the energy transmission system. The second part addresses the legal requirements of implementing a smart grid concept and looks at how this issue is understood the Polish regulatory authority and others bodies of central administration responsible for the energy sector. The paper ends with an identification of potential benefits arising from the implementation of smart grids and smart metering, which include: renewable energy resources, energy efficiency, energy security and the mechanism of demand side management. All these can contribute to the development of businesses involved in the energy sector and the development of a competitive electricity market in Poland.</jats:p

Some remarks on the Internet Auction Platform which is a new system of supporting renewable energy resources in Poland in the context of electronic signatures

The paper describes certain basic principles of the new system of supporting renewable energy sources (RES) introduced in Poland. The amended Polish Act on Renewable Energy Sources (Polish RES Act) has introduced an auction system which is a new legal instrument enabling the selection of RES generators with adequate fi nancial support. Each Renewable Energy Sources project (RES plant project) to generate and sell electricity must go offi cially through an auction. The Internet Auction Platform is an IT tool used in the process. It en ables to conduct the pre-qualifi cation procedure as well as to prepare the auction off er. This new solution has entailed certain legal issues that must be addressed such as the access to the IT system, electronic submission of tenders or the use of an electronic signature to confi rm the statements made in the electronic procedure. All these issues have been discussed in this paper. The paper also contains an analysis of the diff erences between two possible forms of electronic signature that may be used in the process, and identifi es the main advantages and disadvantages of either. It is then concluded that although the online RES auction could be more competitive, in the version as it is it allows to carry out an eff ective auction

The pre-qualifi cation proceeding as the fi rst stage of the renewable energy sources auction

The paper describes the legal grounds of prequalifi cation proceedings allowing certain categories of energy producers to participate in the Polish auction system, and thus to create a new system responsible for supporting the development of renewable energy sources (RES). These procedures are of administrative proceedings character but are modifi ed by specifi c legal provisions under the RES regulations. The legislator diff erentiated between two types of these procedures. Although they diff er in specifi c legal provisions, they both pursue to achieve common targets that will subsequently contribute to a speedy development of the RES plants in Poland. Among the main objectives of the prequalifi cation proceeding, the necessity of the regulatory authority to obtain the basic information about the RES installation project must be mentioned. This information not only allows to check the legitimacy of the accession to the RES auctions system but also allows to check the investment documentation of the project, and consequently implement and start the RES installation on time as prescribed by the law. In the initial period, the measures taken by the RES are to be aimed at eliminating form the auction these energy producers who could theoretically win the RES auction but would not, due to legal, technical or fi nancial reasons manage to complete the investment (build and start up the RES installation) within the time prescribed. This would not only impede a competitive conduct of the RES auction but would also prevent realisation of the EU climate and energy policy due to the failure to produce enough electricity to meet the required volume contracted for each new RES installations according the RES auctions

Legal issues of investment conditions in cross-border electricity supply

The article constitutes an analysis of the legal aspects of certain investments in the electricity infrastructure of Poland and the European Union. It identifi es the need for investments in a particular type of cross-border infrastructure that connects individual EU Member States. These interconnectors enable the exchange of energy between connected countries and allow the creation of a common energy market in the European Union. From the legal point of view there are two types of interconnectors – regulated interconnectors, which are built by energy companies that are obliged to build them, like for example transmission system operators, and commercial interconnectors that are built by private entrepreneurs. Both types of interconnectors are characterized by specifi c legal regulations arising from European Union as well as Polish energy law. In addition, cross-border infrastructure investments are associated with particular types of investment conditions and risk. The specifi c conditions and the risk and also the investment motivation are associated with a particular type of interconnector, even though the stages of the decision-making process are similar in both types of interconnectors. The papers ends with a European model for creating a common energy market which assumes the sustainable development of the regulated interconnectors together with the incentives encouraging investment in commercial interconnectors. In this regard the article sets out the legal and practical solutions adopted in Poland which contribute to the unsatisfactory development of interconnectors in the Polish energy sector

Smart grids as a platform for entrepreneurs’ innovative activity in the energy sector – legal issues

This paper is an analysis of smart grids and smart metering concept under Polish energy law. The main focus is put on the innovative potential which will become available in the electricity market once the energy system in Poland is based on smart grids and when energy consumers are billed with the use of smart metering. In the first part of the paper, the concept of a smart grid and its innovative characteristics is presented. The main emphasis is put on cooperation between businesses operating in the energy sector and those in the IT sector. This innovative approach is indirectly determined by numerous EU legislative acts which set out trends and directions of development of the energy transmission system. The second part addresses the legal requirements of implementing a smart grid concept and looks at how this issue is understood the Polish regulatory authority and others bodies of central administration responsible for the energy sector. The paper ends with an identification of potential benefits arising from the implementation of smart grids and smart metering, which include: renewable energy resources, energy efficiency, energy security and the mechanism of demand side management. All these can contribute to the development of businesses involved in the energy sector and the development of a competitive electricity market in Poland.1131091275Studia Prawa Publiczneg

The tasks of the President of the Energy Regulatory Office and the State energy policy

The energy market is one of the network industries, where competition can not develop under natural conditions. The energy market in Poland is one of the sectors that are subject to regulation and reglamentation. Regulatory authority has been created to bring competition and provide universal services/essential facilities, on this part of monopolistic market. The regulator has a lot of law instruments to create a competition market where every entrepreneur will be able to effectively undertake an economic activity and prices will be shaped by the market. If the regulator will use all legal instruments, he must be independent of other private entities operating in the market. In particular he must be independent of the government, which is pursuing to implement particularistic policies of each Member State. How Polish regulator can be independent if the government can create a national energy policy? On the basis of European law and the rights of Polish, indicated that the regulatory authority should not implement government policy as a whole, but take into account only government general policy guidelines. Prime Minister or member of the government cannot impose resolution of the case in a particular way if regulatory authority performs his own regulatory duties and powers. However, Prime Minister supervises the regulator and he may issue him binding guidelines and recommendations, which do not apply, however, the regulatory tasks

The pre-qualification proceeding as the fi rst stage of the renewable energy sources auction

The paper describes the legal grounds of prequalifi cation proceedings allowing certain categories of energy producers to participate in the Polish auction system, and thus to create a new system responsible for supporting the development of renewable energy sources (RES). These procedures are of administrative proceedings character but are modifi ed by specifi c legal provisions under the RES regulations. The legislator diff erentiated between two types of these procedures. Although they diff er in specifi c legal provisions, they both pursue to achieve common targets that will subsequently contribute to a speedy development of the RES plants in Poland. Among the main objectives of the prequalifi cation proceeding, the necessity of the regulatory authority to obtain the basic information about the RES installation project must be mentioned. This information not only allows to check the legitimacy of the accession to the RES auctions system but also allows to check the investment documentation of the project, and consequently implement and start the RES installation on time as prescribed by the law. In the initial period, the measures taken by the RES are to be aimed at eliminating form the auction these energy producers who could theoretically win the RES auction but would not, due to legal, technical or fi nancial reasons manage to complete the investment (build and start up the RES installation) within the time prescribed. This would not only impede a competitive conduct of the RES auction but would also prevent realisation of the EU climate and energy policy due to the failure to produce enough electricity to meet the required volume contracted for each new RES installations according the RES auctions

Some remarks on the Internet Auction Platform which is a new system of supporting renewable energy resources in Poland in the context of electronic signatures

The paper describes certain basic principles of the new system of supporting renewable energy sources (RES) introduced in Poland. The amended Polish Act on Renewable Energy Sources (Polish RES Act) has introduced an auction system which is a new legal instrument enabling the selection of RES generators with adequate fi nancial support. Each Renewable Energy Sources project (RES plant project) to generate and sell electricity must go offi cially through an auction. The Internet Auction Platform is an IT tool used in the process. It en ables to conduct the pre-qualifi cation procedure as well as to prepare the auction off er. This new solution has entailed certain legal issues that must be addressed such as the access to the IT system, electronic submission of tenders or the use of an electronic signature to confi rm the statements made in the electronic procedure. All these issues have been discussed in this paper. The paper also contains an analysis of the diff erences between two possible forms of electronic signature that may be used in the process, and identifi es the main advantages and disadvantages of either. It is then concluded that although the online RES auction could be more competitive, in the version as it is it allows to carry out an eff ective auction