The effect of methyl jasmonate vapors on content of phenolic compounds in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

The effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on content of phenolic compounds: free phenolic acids, total quercetin, and total phenolics in etiolated buckwheat seedlings were studied. The data presented show that low concentration of MJ (10-8 M) had no influence on trans-cinnamic acid (CA), but stimulated the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in hypocotyls and cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings. A moderate dose of MJ (10-6 M) did not change the level of chlorogenic acid in the hypocotyls and cotyledons, but CA synthesis was promoted in cotyledons, whereas in hypocotyls no significant effect was found. Highest concentration of MJ (10-4 M) caused small decline of CA in hypocotyls, but large stimulation of the acid production in cotyledons was noted. MJ had stimulatory effect on caffeic acid forming, but inhibited synthesis of vanillic acid in hypocotyls and cotyledons. Lowest concentration of MJ (10-8 M) elicited accumulation of quercetin glycosides in both studied tissues of buckwheat seedlings, however at higher doses (10-8 and 10-4 M) did not affect the flavonol level. The obtained results suggest that nonequivalent influence of methyl jasmonate on the phenolics composition can be a result of various mechanisms of MJ uptake, transforming and/or its translocation in buckwheat hypocotyls and cotyledons. Decline of anthocyanins level in buckwheat hypocotyls caused by MJ cannot be explained by enhanced accumulation of quercetin glycosides or free phenolic acids, but probably by synthesis of other unknown phenolic compounds

Selected properties of the potato snacks expanded in the microwave radiation

The results of measurements of the selected properties of the extruded potato pellets and snacks expanded in the microwave field are presented in the paper. The potato pellets with the addition of the baking soda were prepared with a single screw extruder TS-45. The snacks were obtained by pellets expansion in a conventional microwave oven. The expansion index and the hardness of the pellets and the snacks, as well as, the texture properties of the snacks were evaluated during this study. The results showed that baking soda addition reduced the potato pellet expansion during their extrusion. This was an effect of a smaller thickness of the obtained pellets. The addition of baking soda had positive influence on potato snacks expansion in microwave radiation. The higher content of the soda additive resulted in lower hardness of pellets during cutting tests. The opposite effect was observed during texture measurements of the snacks. The addition of baking soda increased hardness of the expanded snacks. Soda addition lowers crispness and fragilityof the potato snacks expanded in the microwave radiation

Selected properties of the potato snacks expanded in the microwave radiation

The results of measurements of the selected properties of the extruded potato pellets and snacks expanded in the microwave field are presented in the paper. The potato pellets with the addition of the baking soda were prepared with a single screw extruder TS-45. The snacks were obtained by pellets expansion in a conventional microwave oven. The expansion index and the hardness of the pellets and the snacks, as well as, the texture properties of the snacks were evaluated during this study. The results showed that baking soda addition reduced the potato pellet expansion during their extrusion. This was an effect of a smaller thickness of the obtained pellets. The addition of baking soda had positive influence on potato snacks expansion in microwave radiation. The higher content of the soda additive resulted in lower hardness of pellets during cutting tests. The opposite effect was observed during texture measurements of the snacks. The addition of baking soda increased hardness of the expanded snacks. Soda addition lowers crispness and fragilityof the potato snacks expanded in the microwave radiation

Effects of simultaneous use of methyl jasmonate with other plant hormones on the level of anthocyanins and biogenic amines in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3) and cytokinin (kinetin), used solely and in combination with methyl jasmonate (MJ), on the accumulation of anthocyanins and biogenic amines in hypocotyls and cotyledons of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seedlings. The obtained results indicate that accumulation of anthocyanins in buckwheat seedlings was dependent on the concentration of the phytohormone applied and the tissue studied. The combined use of MJ and IAA, GA3 or kinetin partly reversed the effect of strong inhibition of anthocyanin synthesis by MJ. IAA used solely decreased the level of anthocyanins in de-etiolated buckwheat cotyledons. IAA also caused a reduction of putrescine content, both in hypocotyls and cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings. MJ used alone caused high accumulation of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) in buckwheat cotyledons and hypocotyls. The simultaneous application of MJ and IAA, GA3 or kinetin also stimulated PEA synthesis in buckwheat tissues, however this effect was significantly lower compared to the use of MJ only. A reverse significant correlation between PEA and anthocyanin contents occurred in buckwheat hypocotyls, but not in cotyledons. It was suggested that the deficiency of L-phenylalanine, a substrate for synthesis of 2-phenylethylamine, may be partly responsible for the decline in anthocyanin content in buckwheat hypocotyls under the influence of M

Application of extrusion-cooking technique for foamed starch-based materials

Foamed materials are widely used, mainly as a protection objects during transport of various products. Traditionally foams are produced from plastics so they are very difficult for waste management. It is the challenge for many scientific centres to develop a technology for the production of bio-based materials which can be rapidly decomposed. The task for the researcher is to obtain a relatively cheap, easy to use and completely biodegradable materials. The aim of this work was the selection of the main raw materials, functional additives and process parameters to obtain the most effective parameters of extrusion-cooking process for foamed starch-based materials. Properties of the products and processing costs were taken into account. During the study, the extrusion-cooking process was performed under various conditions: temperature, humidity, type of the die, screw rotational speed, various raw materials and additives blends. The best results were obtained for mixtures based on potato starch and with addition the foaming agent Plastron foam PDE and poly(vinyl) alcohol PVA

Application of extrusion-cooking technique for foamed starch-based materials

Foamed materials are widely used, mainly as a protection objects during transport of various products. Traditionally foams are produced from plastics so they are very difficult for waste management. It is the challenge for many scientific centres to develop a technology for the production of bio-based materials which can be rapidly decomposed. The task for the researcher is to obtain a relatively cheap, easy to use and completely biodegradable materials. The aim of this work was the selection of the main raw materials, functional additives and process parameters to obtain the most effective parameters of extrusion-cooking process for foamed starch-based materials. Properties of the products and processing costs were taken into account. During the study, the extrusion-cooking process was performed under various conditions: temperature, humidity, type of the die, screw rotational speed, various raw materials and additives blends. The best results were obtained for mixtures based on potato starch and with addition the foaming agent Plastron foam PDE and poly(vinyl) alcohol PVA

Wpływ traktowania propachizafopem na zawartość barwników i wzrost siewek kukurydzy cukrowej

Background. We examined the response of sweet maize seedlings (Zea mays var. saccharata L., cv. Złota Karłowa), as a non-target plant, to various doses of propaquizafop ((R)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy] phenoxy]-propionic acid 2-[[(1-methylethylidene)amino]oxy]ethyl ester) applied to the root zone or on shoots. Material and methods. The herbicide at concentrations of 0.56; 5.63 or 56.3 μM was used in a study on seedlings grown in hydroponic cultures in controlled light and temperature conditions. In the experiment the roots of maize seedlings were exposed to propaquizafop for 7 days. Also, seedling shoots were exposed by their immersing for 30 seconds in the investigated propaquizafop concentrations. We assessed the impact of propaquizafop on the seedlings elongation of primary roots and shoots. The content of anthocyanins in epicotyls and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids) in leaves were also measured. Results. A weaker effect on shoot growth was found when the roots of sweet maize seedlings were exposed to propaquizafop than was the case in the application of the herbicide to shoot. Application of the herbicide to the root zone also had little effect on the levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids, or on the ratios between them, in the leaves. The presumed responsibility for this effect is a weak uptake of the herbicide by the roots and / or its transport to the leaves of the maize seedlings. Conclusion. Propaquizafop has a smaller effect on sweet maize seedlings when applied to the root zone than it has after foliar exposition. A decline of anthocyanin content under the influence of low doses of propaquizafop suggests that it has a greater effect on the metabolism of phenylpropanoids than other inhibitors of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase have.Badano reakcję siewek kukurydzy cukrowej (Zea mays var. Saccharata L., Złota Karłowa), jako rośliny niebędącej celem zwalczania, na różne dawki propachizafopu zastosowanego do strefy korzeniowej lub na pędy. Herbicyd stosowano w stężeniach 0,56; 5,63 lub 56,3 μM, na siewki rosnące hydroponicznie w kontrolowanych warunkach światła i temperatury. W eksperymentach siewki kukurydzy eksponowano na propaquizafop przez 7 dni. Aby ocenić wpływ propaquizafopu na siewki, mierzono wydłużenie korzenia głównego i pędu, a także zawartości antocyjanów w epikotylach i barwników fotosyntetycznych (chlorofile, karotenoidy) w liściach. Propaquizafop stosowany do strefy korzeniowej (pożywka) wywierał słabszy wpływ na wzrost pędów kukurydzy i niewielki wpływ na poziom chlorofilu i karotenoidów w liściach siewek kukurydzy niż zastosowany dolistnie. Efekty te są prawdopodobnie spowodowane niewielkim poborem przez korzenie i/lub translokacją herbicydu w siewce kukurydzy. Spadek zawartości antocyjanów pod wpływem małych dawek propaquizafopu sugeruje, że ma on większy wpływ na metabolizm fenylopropanoidów niż inne inhibitory karboksylazy acetylokoenzymu A