2-D constrained Navier-Stokes equation and intermediate asymptotics

We introduce a modified version of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation, preserving energy and momentum of inertia, which is motivated by the occurrence of different dissipation time scales and related to the gradient flow structure of the 2-D Navier-Stokes equation. The hope is to understand intermediate asymptotics. The analysis we present here is purely formal. A rigorous study of this equation will be done in a forthcoming paper

Renal transplantation at the university of Colorado

From March 1962 to April 1963, 118 patients were treated with renal transplantation, 3 with kidneys from identical twins, 9 with cadaveric homografts, and 106 with homografts from volunteer donors. Sixty-two of the patients are still alive after nine months to almost five years. The only completely satisfactory group was that of the identical twin recipients. The results after homotransplantation have not materially improved during this time despite the acquisition of increased experience, adjustments of timing and dosage of azathioprine and prednisone, and attempts to identify biologically suitable donors in advance of operation by tissue typing. It is suggested that an impasse has been reached, beyond which further reduction in mortality and morbidity will depend primarily upon the effective application of new immunosuppressive techniques. © 1967 by The Williams and Wilkins Co

Transplantation of the kidney.

Progress in homotransplantation of the kidney has been reviewed. This form of therapy for the patient with terminal uremia has resulted in a 2-year survival of more than 50% at the University of Colorado Medical Center, excluding from consideration identical twin cases. The best results were with the use of kidneys obtained from familial donors; when this has been possible the 2-year survival is almost (2)/(3). With randomly selected non-related living donors the 2-year survival was only 22%. Although these results indicate the great potential value of organ transplantation, the techniques being employed today are imperfect. The need for progress with better immunosuppression, better histocompatibility analysis, and better organ preservation are outlined

Homotransplantation of the liver

The feasibility of hepatic homotransplantation has been clearly established in principle inasmuch as several animals are still alive almost 3 years after complete hepatectomy and liver replacement. Both orthotopic and auxiliary operations are complicated surgical techniques. Nevertheless, the results in dogs are comparable to those which can be obtained with homotransplantation of the kidney. In man the problem is more difficult. In patients who have a need for such operations, there is invariably a metabolic disorder more complex than that caused by renal failure. In addition, the new organ must function efficiently from the beginning since its complete functional failure leads to death within a few hours. There is no recourse to an artificial liver to maintain life until the reversal of an injury which is caused by either ischemia or rejection. Nevertheless, research of several kinds may soon make possible the successful use of hepatic transplantation procedures for the definitive treatment of human liver disease as exemplified by the reports in this symposium concerning new techniques of organ preservation, histocompatibility analysis, and immunosuppression. © 1967 by The Williams and Wilkins Co

Radicalar probes to measure the action of energy on granular materials

International audienceMeasuring the action of energy on matter is a complex problem, especially in the case of granular materials. For example, particle size reduction by grinding generally shows poor overall energetic yields and a significant challenge in this area is to accurately estimate the energy consumed, including that stored in the particles. Fine or ultra-fine grinding processes require a lot of energy, part of which becomes internal energy and can lead to mechanochemical reactions and useful products. We studied the appearance of free radicals during the grinding of a-lactose monohydrate by means of electron spin resonance (ESR). These radicals are the same as those induced by gamma-radiation and comparison of ESR spectra intensities with those from ground products allows the determination of an `equivalent gamma-irradiation dose'. This gives a novel concept for characterizing the action of mechanical energy on matter in fine grinding by using molecular probes. This is the first example of the investigation of mechanochemical energy during the fine grinding process

Avenues of future research in homotransplantation of the liver with particular reference to hepatic supportive procedures, antilymphocyte serum, and tissue typing

Three general areas of research which bear on the developing field of liver transplantation are reviewed. These are: (1) the prospects of obtaining better immunosuppression with particular reference to heterologous antilymphocyte serum; (2) the possible use of antigen matching technics as an advanced indicator of donorrecipient histocompatibility; (3) a simlified system of extracorporeal transplntation designed to provide teporary hepatic support. © 1966