Sports and Exercise Therapy in Holistic Strategy for Treating Chronic Diseases – literature review

Introduction The convergence of sports and health is a developing area, focusing on the therapeutic potential of physical activities in numerous chronic disease management strategies as a necessary part of a holistic strategy. Acknowledging sports as a therapeutic tool emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of how sports engagement contributes to innovative healthcare interventions.   Purpose This research aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of prescribing sports and physical exercise in treating primary chronic diseases, exploring its integration into healthcare practices with a focus on efficacy and implications for disease management.   State of Knowledge Physical activity is recommended for treating diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. It reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and death, lowers blood pressure, ads prevents and manages atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Non-physical sports like chess and board games also promise protection against dementia, depression, and Alzheimer's.   Conclusions Incorporating sports into healthcare policies and prescribing personalized exercise are essential components of holistic chronic disease management and show widespread benefits. Professional guidance and clear recommendations, aligned with disease-specific guidelines, play a crucial role in ensuring safe and effective physical activity for patients. Potential risks in specific populations, particularly injury risks, can be minimized through proper preventive measures, adjusting the character of exercises, and heightened patient awareness. To ensure good compliance, exercise prescriptions should offer clear and precise guidelines

A Comprehensive Review of Mastocytosis From Pathophysiology to Management Strategies

Introduction: Mastocytosis is a rare hematologic neoplasm characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in various tissues. Its clinical manifestations vary widely, ranging from cutaneous lesions to systemic involvement with potentially life-threatening symptoms. Understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of mastocytosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes.    Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of mastocytosis, including its epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. By synthesizing current knowledge on mastocytosis, this study aims to enhance understanding of the disease and guide clinical practice.    Description of the State of Knowledge: Mastocytosis is classified into cutaneous and systemic forms, with various subtypes based on clinical and histopathological features. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical suspicion, serum tryptase levels, histological examination of bone marrow biopsies, and genetic testing. Management strategies include symptomatic treatment, avoidance of triggers, and targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Advanced forms may require cytoreductive therapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT).    Conclusions: Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, achieving lasting remission in mastocytosis remains challenging, especially in advanced cases. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and the development of novel therapeutic modalities are needed to improve patient outcomes and quality of life

Microcephaly in Neurometabolic Diseases

Neurometabolic disorders are an important group of diseases that mostly occur in neonates and infants. They are mainly due to the lack or dysfunction of an enzyme or cofactors necessary for a specific biochemical reaction, which leads to a deficiency of essential metabolites in the brain. This, in turn, can cause certain neurometabolic diseases. Disruption of metabolic pathways, and the inhibition at earlier stages, may lead to the storage of reaction intermediates, which are often toxic to the developing brain. Symptoms are caused by the progressive deterioration of mental, motor, and perceptual functions. The authors review the diseases with microcephaly, which may be one of the most visible signs of neurometabolic disorders