Nanoemulsão aquosa, processo de produção de nanoemulsão aquosa e método de controle de pragas

DepositadaApresenta uma nanoemulsão com atividade bioinseticida, permite a incorporação de substâncias insolúveis em meio aquoso, através de uma formulação estável, fina e elegante. A possibilidade de solubilizar substâncias apolares em meio aquoso permite que a formulação seja utilizada na liberação de substâncias insolúveis bioativas, com potencial ação inseticida frente a pragas agrícolas e/ou aplicação em focos de proliferação de larvas de Aedes aegypti, importante vetor da dengue. Ainda, a presente invenção apresenta processo de produção de nanoemulsão aquosa e método de controle de pragas por nanoemulsão aquosa

O SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO PARA A EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM JOGO POR ESTUDANTES SUPERDOTADOS

The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-coV-2, has paralyzed the world, highlighting the importance of knowledge related to immunity that should be present in people's daily lives since basic education. The school space must be a place of inclusion and among all the publics served, students with gifted behavior are pointed out. The work took place in a workshop held at the VIII Summer Course (2020), for gifted students from the Development and Innovation in Science Teaching group - UFF (DIECI-UFF). The subject dealt with the Immune System and the proposals for the construction of pedagogical tools for future learning. The participating students were encouraged to solve clinical case studies, to participate in a game about the Immune System and challenged to produce a teaching material to be used by Science and Biology teachers. From the demands found, as well as the suggestions brought by the gifted, it became possible to improve the prototype of the board game. It was concluded that gifted students, when challenged, tend to concentrate and get involved with the proposed task, which resulted in the satisfactory production of materials that can be used by other students in elementary schools.La pandemia provocada por el nuevo coronavirus, SARS-coV-2, ha paralizado al mundo, destacando la importancia de los conocimientos relacionados con la inmunidad que deben estar presentes en el día a día de las personas desde la educación primaria. El espacio escolar debe ser un lugar de inclusión y entre todos los públicos atendidos se destacan los alumnos con comportamiento superdotado. El trabajo tuvo lugar en un taller realizado en el VIII Curso de Verano (2020), para alumnos superdotados del grupo Desarrollo e Innovación en la Enseñanza de las Ciencias - UFF  (DIECI-UFF). El tema abordado fue el Sistema Inmune y las propuestas para la construcción de herramientas pedagógicas para el aprendizaje futuro. Es decir, se animó a los estudiantes del taller a resolver estudios de casos clínicos, a participar en un juego sobre el Sistema Inmune y se les desafió a producir un material didáctico para ser utilizado por profesores de Ciencias y Biología. A partir de las demandas encontradas, así como de las sugerencias aportadas por los superdotados, fue posible mejorar el prototipo del juego de mesa elegido por ellos. Se concluyó que los estudiantes superdotados, cuando son desafiados, tienden a concentrarse e involucrarse con la tarea propuesta, lo que resultó en la producción satisfactoria de materiales que pueden ser utilizados por otros estudiantes en las escuelas primarias.A pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus, SARS-coV-2, tem paralisado o mundo, ressaltando a importância de conhecimentos relativos à imunidade que deverão estar presentes no cotidiano das pessoas desde a educação básica. O espaço escolar deve ser local de inclusão e dentre todos os públicos atendidos aponta-se para alunos com comportamento superdotado. O trabalho ocorreu em um workshop realizado no VIII Curso de Verão (2020), para alunos superdotados do grupo Desenvolvimento e Inovação no Ensino de Ciências – UFF (DIECI-UFF). O assunto abordado foi o Sistema Imunológico e as propostas de construção de ferramentas pedagógicas para um futuro aprendizado. Os alunos participantes foram instigados a solucionarem estudos de casos clínicos, a participarem de um jogo sobre o Sistema Imunológico e desafiados a produzirem um material didático que fomentasse as aulas de Ciências e Biologia.  A partir das demandas encontradas, bem como pelas sugestões trazidas pelos superdotados, tornou-se possível o aprimoramento do protótipo do jogo de tabuleiro. Concluiu-se que alunos com superdotação, quando desafiados, tendem a se concentrar e envolver-se com a tarefa proposta, o que resultou na produção satisfatória de materiais que podem ser utilizados pelos demais alunos nas escolas do ensino básic

Reaching the Final Endgame for Constant Waves of COVID-19

Despite intramuscular vaccines saving millions of lives, constant devastating waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections continue. The elimination of COVID-19 is challenging, but necessary in order to avoid millions more people who would suffer from long COVID if we fail. Our paper describes rapidly advancing and innovative therapeutic strategies for the early stage of infection with COVID-19 so that tolerating continuing cycles of infection should be unnecessary in the future. These therapies include new vaccines with broader specificities, nasal therapies and antiviral drugs some targeting COVID-19 at the first stage of infection and preventing the virus entering the body in the first place. Our article describes the advantages and disadvantages of each of these therapeutic options which in various combinations could eventually prevent renewed waves of infection. Finally, important consideration is given to political, social and economic barriers that since 2020 hindered vaccine application and are likely to interfere again with any COVID-19 endgame

Métodos alternativos para determinação da potência de veneno e antiveneno botrópico: aplicações e perspectivas para o controle da qualidade

Introduction: Accidents with venomous animals are classified as neglected tropical diseases and are currently the most frequent cause of intoxication in humans in Brazil. The only available treatment is the rapid administration of specific, quality-assured antivenoms. To ensure the efficacy and safety of these products, in vivo potency determination tests for venom and antivenom are performed during the production stages, until final release. Despite several studies on alternative methods to the murine assay, no method has been effectively validated. Objective: To compile alternative methods developed for Bothrops antivenoms, assessing the availability of the methods and the prospects and applications in Bothrops venom and antivenom production and quality control laboratories. Method: A search was conducted in PubMed, BVS, and Scopus databases between November 2021 and June 2022. 89 articles were identified, of which 31 were selected according to the eligibility criteria. Results: We observed in the alternative methods identified a preference of 42.80% of the studies for methodologies that use cell lines as an alternative method to the murine assays, and most of these works (58.30%) opted for a VERO cell line. Conclusions: Due to the diversity of toxins found in each genus of snakes, it is understood that the potency assay for antivenoms should be based on the evaluation and precise quantification of the inhibition of biological activity of venoms. Cytotoxicity assays are widely used and have been accumulating evidence of their suitability as an important alternative tool to the murine assay for quality control for Bothrops venom and antivenom.Introdução: Acidentes com animais peçonhentos são classificados como doenças tropicais negligenciadas e são atualmente a mais frequente causa de intoxicação em humanos no Brasil. O único tratamento disponível é a rápida administração de antivenenos específicos e de qualidade garantida. Para assegurar a eficácia e a segurança desses produtos, são realizados ensaios de determinação da potência in vivo para veneno e antiveneno, desde as etapas de produção até sua liberação final. Apesar dos diversos estudos sobre métodos   alternativos ao ensaio murino, nenhum método foi efetivamente validado. Objetivo: Compilar os métodos alternativos desenvolvidos para os antivenenos botrópicos, avaliando sua disponibilidade, perspectivas e aplicações em laboratórios de produção e controle da qualidade. Método: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases PubMed, BVS e Scopus entre novembro de 2021 e junho de 2022. Foram identificados 89 trabalhos, dos quais 31 foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados: Nos métodos alternativos identificados, observamos a preferência de 42,80% dos estudos por metodologias que utilizem linhagens celulares como método alternativo aos ensaios murinos, sendo que a maioria destes trabalhos 58,30% optou pela linhagem celular Vero. Conclusões: Pela diversidade das toxinas encontradas em cada gênero de serpentes, entende-se que é de extrema importância que o ensaio de potência dos antivenenos tenha como base a avaliação e a quantificação precisa da inibição da atividade biológica dos venenos. Ensaios de citotoxicidade são amplamente utilizados e têm acumulado evidências de sua adequação como importante ferramenta alternativa ao ensaio murino para o controle da qualidade de veneno e antiveneno antibotrópico

Cold Storage Media versus Optisol-GS in the Preservation of Corneal Quality for Keratoplasty: A Systematic Review

Optisol-GS is the most widely used pharmaceutical composition to preserve corneas for transplantation. This systematic review investigated the effects of different cold corneal storage media (CCSM) compared with Optisol-GS on the quality of stored corneas. The literature was searched throughout May 2022 on six databases and grey literature. Studies including corneas (population) exposed to distinct cold storage media (exposure) and Optisol-GS (comparison) that reported qualitative and/or quantitative parameters of cornea quality (outcome) were included. Methodological quality was assessed using ToxRTool. From 4520 identified studies, fourteen were included according to the eligibility criteria, comprising 769 evaluated cornea samples comparing Optisol-GS with commercial and noncommercial media. All studies showed good methodological quality. Experimental times ranged from 1–28 days, mainly using 4 °C as the preservation temperature. Viable endothelial cell density (ECD) and endothelial cell morphology (EC) were the most assessed parameters. ECD results for Cornisol were higher than Optisol-GS in 10 days (p = 0.049) and favored Cornea ColdTM up to 4 weeks (p < 0.05), which also showed better qualitative results. While the standardization of test protocols could improve comparisons, evidence indicates that most CCSM present similar performances on cornea preservation for transplantation at seven days, while some formulations may increase preservation at extended times

Synthesis and mobilization of glycogen and trehalose in adult male

15 p. : il.The vector of Chagas’ disease, Rhodnius prolixus, feeds exclusively on blood. The blood meals are slowly digested, and these insects wait some weeks before the next meal. During the life of an insect, energy-requiring processes such as moulting, adult gonadal and reproductive growth, vitellogenesis, muscular activity, and fasting, lead to increased metabolism. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy and their mobilization is important. We determined the amounts of glycogen, trehalose, and glucose present in the fat body and/or hemolymph of adult males of R. prolixus and recorded the processes of accumulation and mobilization of these carbohydrates. We also tested our hypothesis that these processes are under endocrine control. The amount of glycogen in the fat body progressively increased until the fourth day after feeding (from 9.372.2 to 77.377.5 mg/fat body), then declined to values around 36.374.9 mg/fat body on the fifteenth day after the blood meal. Glycogen synthesis was eliminated in decapitated insects and headtransplanted insects synthesized glycogen. The amount of trehalose in the fat body increased until the sixth day after feeding (from 16. 671.7 to 40. 675.3 nmol/fat body), decreased abruptly, and stabilized between days 7 and 15 at values ranging around 15–19 nmol/fat body. Decapitated insects did not synthesize trehalose after feeding, and this effect was reversed in head-transplanted insects. The concentration of trehalose in the hemolymph increased after the blood meal until the third day (from 0.0770.01 to 0.7570.05 mM) and at the fourth day it decreased until the ninth day (0.2170.01 mM), when it increased again until the fourteenth day (0.7970.06 mM) after the blood meal, and then declined again. In decapitated insects, trehalose concentrations did not increase soon after the blood meal and at the third day it was very low, but on the fourteenth day it was close to the control values. The concentration of glucose in the hemolymph of untreated insects remained low and constant (0.1870.01 mM) during the 15 days after feeding, but in decapitated insects it progressively increased until the fifteenth day (2.0070.10 mM). We recorded the highest trehalase activity in midgut, which was maximal at the eighth day after feeding (2,8307320 nmol of glucose/organ/h). We infer that in Rhodnius prolixus, the metabolism of glycogen, glucose, and trehalose are controlled by factors from the brain, according to physiological demands at different days after the blood mea

Triflumuron Effects on the Physiology and Reproduction of Rhodnius prolixus Adult Females

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-03-23T16:14:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 bianca_herniques_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2769711 bytes, checksum: cce9e35135c376c8b05f956e9dc0f168 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-03-23T16:33:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bianca_herniques_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2769711 bytes, checksum: cce9e35135c376c8b05f956e9dc0f168 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T16:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bianca_herniques_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2769711 bytes, checksum: cce9e35135c376c8b05f956e9dc0f168 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores.. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Instituto de Biologia do Exército. Laboratório de Entomologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.We evaluated the efficacy of the growth regulator triflumuron (TFM) in inducing mortality and disrupting both oviposition and egg hatching in Rhodnius prolixus adult females. TFM was administered via feeding, topically or by continuous contact with impregnated surfaces. Feeding resulted in mild biological effects compared with topical and impregnated surfaces. One day after treatment, the highest mortality levels were observed with topical surface and 30 days later both topical and impregnated surfaces induced higher mortalities than feeding. Oral treatment inhibited oviposition even at lower doses, and hatching of eggs deposited by treated females was similarly affected by the three delivery modes. Topical treatment of eggs deposited by nontreated females significantly reduced hatching. However, treatment per contact of eggs oviposited by untreated females did not disrupt eclosion. Additionally, oral treatment increased the number of immature oocytes per female, and topical treatment reduced the mean size of oocytes. TFM also affected carcass chitin content, diuresis, and innate immunity of treated insects. These results suggest that TFM acts as a potent growth inhibitor of R. prolixus adult females and has the potential to be used in integrated vector control programs against hematophagous triatomine species

Cytochemical characterization of microvillar and perimicrovillar membranes in the posterior midgut epithelium of Rhodnius prolixus

14 p.: il.Perimicrovillar membranes (PMM) are structures present on the surface of midgut epithelial cells of the hematophagous insect, Rhodnius prolixus. They cover the microvilli and are especially evident 10 days after blood meal, providing the compartmentalization of the enzymatic processes in the intestinal microenvironment. Using an enzyme cytochemical approach, Mg2þ-ATPase and ouabain-sensitive NaþKþ-ATPase activities were observed in the plasma (or microvillar) membrane (MM) of midgut cells and in the PMM. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase was only detected in MM. Using cationized ferritin and colloidal iron hydroxide particles, anionic sites were found only on the luminal surface of the PMM. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled lectins, residues of a-D-galactose, mannose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-galactosamine-a-1,3-galactose were detected on the apical surface of posterior midgut epithelial cells. On the other hand, using FITC-labeled neoglycoproteins (NGP) it was possible to detect the presence of carbohydrate binding molecules (CBM) recognizing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, a-D-mannose, a-L-fucose and a-D-glucose in the posterior midgut epithelium. The use of digitonin showed the presence of sterols in the MM and PMM. These results have led the authors to suggest that for some components the PMM resembles the MM lining the midgut cells of R. prolixus, composing a system which covers the microvilli and stretches to the luminal space